Daga
Umar Muhammad Dogon Daji
dogondajiumaru@yahoo.co.uk
Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Faransanci
Jami’ar Usmanu ‘Danfodiyo, Sakkwato
Jahar Sakkwato, Nijeriya
Da
Zaki, Muhammad Zayyanu
muhzayzak@udusok.edu.ng
Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Faransanci
Jami’ar Usmanu ‘Danfodiyo, Sakkwato
Jahar Sakkwato, Nijeriya
TSAKURE
K’asashen Afirka sun had’u da Harsunan Faransanci da Turanci a hanyar mulkin mallaka amma tun kafin zuwan Turawa, akwai al’ummomin Hausawa da ke zaune a k’asashen da Ingila da Faransa suke mulki suna cud’anya da juna ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A cikin wannan kasidar zamu bayyana hanyoyin da harshen Faransanci ya bi a wajen kutsawa cikin harshen Hausa. Daga k’arshe zamu yi nazarin matsalolin da Faransawa Hausawa ke fuskanta wajen magana da harshen Hausa.
1.0 Gabatarwa/Shimfid’a:
Harshen Farasanci ana magana da shi a cikin k’asashen Afirika wad’anda Faransa ta mulka. Wad’annan k’asashen kuwa sune k’asar Nijar, k’asar Mali, k’asar Benin, k’asar Togo, k’asar Burikina Faso, k’asar Kwaddebuwa, k’asar Sanigal da sauransu. A duk cikin wad’annan k’asashen, Hausawa suna magana da harshen Hausa amma harshen ya garwaya da harsunan su na k’asa. Misali, a Nijar akwai Hausa daban-daban, kamar Arauci, Damagaranci, hausar Filinge, Adaranci.
A Nijeriya kuwa, akwai Hausawa da ke zaune a arewacin Nijeriya suna magana da harshen Hausa daban-daban, misali: akwai Sakkwatanci, Katsinanci, Zazzaganci, Kananci, Zamfarci da sauransu. Wad’annan al’umomin Hausawa su dad’e suna huld’a da k’asashen yammacin Afirika masu magana da Faransanci ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar haka:
2.0 Hanyoyin Huld’ar da Aka Samu Tasiri A Kan Juna:
2.1 Auratayya:
Ta wannan hanya da yawa Hausawan Nijeriya suke auren mata daga k’asashen Faransa, musamman daga k’asar Nijar zuwa Nijeriya. Saboda auren mijin ko matar dole ya koyi Faransanci saboda ya ji dadin huld’a da matarsa.
- Cinikayya:
Shekaru aru-aru, mutanen Nijeriya da Nijar suna kasuwanci tsakaninsu ta hanyar saye da sayarwa da kayayyakin abinci da mota. Ta wannan hanyar, Hausawa ‘yan kasuwa dole su koyi harshen Faransanci ko kuma su gamu da gamon su saboda ana iya juya baki a cucesu.
- Addini:
Saboda tarurukan wa’azi da k’ungiyoyin watsa addinin Musulunci kamar k’ungiyar Izala da Darik’a da sauran k’ungiyoyi da ke hada jama’a daga k’asashen Afirika wuri d’aya. Masu Faransanci da masu Turanci. Koyon harshen Faransanci ya zama wajibi ga wad’annan k’ungiyoyin addini saboda su yi wa’azin su cikin nasara. A hanyar haka an buda Sunna TV ta duniyar Hausa.
2.4 Siyasa:
Ita ma wannan hanyar tana taka babbar rawa wajen hada kan al’ummomin k’asashen Nijeriya da Nijer. Ta hanyar siyasa, ‘yan siyasa daga k’asashen Faransa da Ingila suna taruwa saboda su kara ma juna ilimi. Fahimtar tsakaninsu ba ta yiyuwa sia in sun jin harsunan junansu. A saboda wannan dalilin dole ne ‘yan siyasa Hausawa na Nijeriya su koyi harshen Faransanci don biyan bukatunsu na siyasa.
2.5 Mawak’a:
Faransanci yana kutsawa a cikin Hausa ta hanyar amfanin da mawak’a ke yi da kalmomin Faransanci a cikin Hausa. Misali Fati Nijar da Shatan Zamani, dukkan su suna amfani da kalmomin Faransanci a cikin wak’ok’in su na Hausa. Misali Mamman Gawo Filinge.
2.6 Wasannin Kwaikwayo:
Harshen Faransanci yakan kutsa cikin Hausa ta hanyar wasannin kwaikwayo wad’anda suka yawaita su ka watsu a cikin k’asashen Afirika masu magana da Faransanci.
2.7 Kafafen Watsa Labarai:
Ta wannan hanyar Faransanci yakan kutsa cikin harshen Hausa musamman ta hanyoyin gidajen rediyo, da talabijin da kuma jaridu ta wak’e bada rahoton abin da suka faru a k’asashen yammacin Afirika. Misali Jamila Tangaza ta gidan rediyon Ingila wato BBC. Ta kan yi amfani da Faransanci a cikin rahotanninta na yau da kullum. Kamar Barmu Arzika, da Chima Ila Youssouf da ke kawo rahotanni daga Nijar ma’aikatan gidan rediyon BBC.
2.8 Ilimi:
Da dad’ewa gwamnatocin Nijeriya suke huld’a ta hanyar ilimi tsakanin su da k’asashen yammacin Afirika masu magana da Faransanci ta hanyar sauyin d’alibai da malammai. Malammai da makaranta daga Nijeriya ya zama tilas gare su, su koyi harshen Faransanci domin su fhaimci karatun su da aka tura su suyo. Ta wannan hanya, Faransanci zai kutsa a cikin Hausarsu. A lokacin da zasu koyi harshen, sun riga sun iya harsunan Turanci da Hausa.
https://www.amsoshi.com/2017/10/01/tsarin-cincirindon-sifa-na-hausa-da-ingilishi/
2.9 Mak’wabtaka:
K’asar Nijeriya tayi iyaka da k’asashe hud’u masu magana da harshen Faransanci. Wad’annan k’asashe kuwa su ne: Chadi, Kamaru, Nijer da Benin. Shi Faransanci ya kutsa a cikin Hausa ta hanyar iyakokin jahohin Sakkwato, Kabi, Katsina, Maiduguri da Kano a arewancin Nijeriya. Misali jahar Sakkwato ta yi iyaka da k’asar Nijer a bakin boda da ke garuruwan Illela da Kwanni. Ita kuwa jihar Kabi tayi iyaka da k’asar Nijer a garuruwan Kamba, Dolekaina da Gaya.
2.10 Kiyon Lafiya:
Hausawan Nijeriya sukan koyi harshen Faransanci ta hanyar kiyon lafiya. Musamman idan suka ziyarci asibitocin k’asashen Faransa da ke garin Galmi a k’asar Nijar ko asibitin da ke garin babbarke a k’asar jamhuriyar Benin. Ko ma babbar asibitin da ke Yamai. Duka wad’annan cibiyoyin da ke bukatar dole Bahaushe ya tafi domin neman lafiyarsa suna zama mafarin kutsawar Faransanci a Hausar Bahaushen Nijeriya.
2.11 Tsaro:
‘Yan Nijeriya da ke aikin kayan sarki misali sojoji, kwastan, imagreshin da masu farfarun kaya. Duk ayukkansu na bukatar su ziyarci k’asashen yammacin Afirika. A inda mafi yawancinsu da ke magana da Hausa sukan ci karo da Faransanci ya kutsa cikin harsunan da suka iya na Nijeriya, musamman harshen Haus ako Yarbanci ko Iyamuranci.
2.12 Sarauta:
Shi ma ta hanyar sarauta, akwai masarautun gargajiya da ake nad’awa a cikin Nijeriya wadda take da alak’a da k’asar Nijar. Misali, sarautar sarkin Katsina ta samo asalinta ne daga sarautar sarkin Katsinan Maradi da ke jamhuriyar Nijar. Don haka wad’annan sarautu, sarakunan gargajiya na k’asashen Hausawan Nijar da Nijeriya sukan ziyarci juna musamman lokuttan bukukuwan salla da sauran al’adun gargajiya. Wanda ya sa dole harshen Faransanci ya kutsa cikin harshen Hausa domin su tabbatar da mulkin gidajensu na sarauta.
2.13 Bauta:
Har wa yau attajirai daga Nijeriya sukan sayo bayi daga k’asashen renon Faransa domin su zama barorinsu a cikin gidajensu. Ta wannan hanyar Faransanci ya samu kutsawa a cikin harshen Hausa.
2.14 K’aura:
Ma fi yawancin Hausawa su kan yi k’aura zuwa k’asashen yammacin Afirika a inda suke zama su yi cud’anya da Faransawa. Ta wannan hanya kuwa Hausawa su takan gurbata da Faransanci. Ko kuma su Faransawan su yi kaura zuwa k’asashen Hausa, misali mutanen k’abilar Bararoji, Zabarmawa da Azbinawa da Buzaye sun cika garuruwan Hausawa makil inda suke gadi, sayar da ruwa, wankin takalma, shayi, dunkin da sauransu. Ta hanyar zaman su a cikin Hausawa ya sa Hausar su ta gurbata da harshen Faransanci. Kamar yadda zamu iya gani a cikin wannan allon. Mafi yawancin kalmomin da Hausawan Nijar mazauna Maradi ke amfani da su.
3.0 Matsalar da Kutsen Faransanci ya Haifar ga Hausa:
A saboda wad’annan bambance-bambancen hanyoyin da ke sama, Bahaushe mai koyon harshen Faransanci zai iya gamuwa da matsaloli kamar amfani da kalmomi da kuma amfnai da sunayen abubuwa daban-daban a cikin Hausar sa ta yau da kullum kamar haka:
Kalmomin Hausa | Kalmomin Faransanci | |
1. | Mak’ulli | Cle |
2. | Madaukin Makulai | Porte-cle |
3. | Takarda aiko wasik’a | Enveloppe |
4. | Lan-holda | Ampoule |
5. | Wil-koba | Jante |
6. | Daki a cikin gida | Chmbre (maison) |
7. | Tip na mota ko mashin | Chambre (a air) |
8. | Kan pampo | Robinet |
9. | Aure | Mariage |
10. | Sa kaya kala d’aya da takalma da hula | Mariage (habillement) |
11. | Buroshi na hakura ko na wankin takalmi | Brosse |
12. | Maunin mai | Litre |
13. | Yaro d’an makaranta firamare | Eleve |
14. | Abin sa hotuna | Album |
15. | ‘Dan Tawaye | Rebel |
16. | Kayan kid’in zamani | Guitare |
17. | Ledar shinfid’awa k’asa | Parterre |
18. | Kud’in alawanse na ‘yan makaranta | Allocation |
19. | Abin shan madarar jarirai | Buberon |
20. | Gyarna jarabawa | Correction |
21. | Waya | Telephone |
22. | Kyallen shafar zufa | Mouchoire |
23. | Dutsin guga | Fer a repasser |
24. | Buga karaurawa | Sonner (verb) |
25. | Karatu a gida | Lecon |
26. | Gam | Colle |
27. | Matstsen wando | Collant |
28. | Jarrabawar d’aukar aiki ko shiga wata makaranta | Concours |
29. | Albashi | Salaire |
30. | Abin ajiye abinci kada ya huce | Thermos |
31. | Lamar kira | Biper |
32. | Kashiya | Comptable |
33. | Harsashen bindiga | Cartouche |
34. | Barikin soji | Campagnie |
35. | Sarka | Chaine |
36. | Gidan ruwa | Chateau |
37. | Wajen d’auka ko sayarda kasett | Discotheque |
38. | Dakin karatu | Bibliotheque |
39. | Shago sayarda littafi | Librairie |
40. | Shagon sayarda magani | Pharmacie |
41. | Hayar daki | Louer |
42. | Makarantar koyon tukin mota | Auto ecole |
43. | Takardar bari a wuce | Laissez-passe |
44. | Ku kama kunnenkun | Aux Oreilles |
45. | Kud’in Jabu | Faux-billet |
46. | Hoto fatalwa | Cliche |
47. | Vitamin maigina jiki | Vitamine |
48. | Farkon wani abu | Foundation |
49. | Abin aski | Rasoir |
50. | Engimin machine ko mota | Moteur |
51. | Chaza | Chargeur |
52. | Kanfen ‘yan siyasa | Camp grie |
53. | Kilomita | Kilometre |
54. | Abin sawa ga kunne | Ecoteur |
55. | Dan karamin littafen rubuta | Carnet |
56. | Kulochi | Ambriage |
57. | Faifan kilochi | Disque |
58. | Gidan giya | Bar d’ambriage |
59. | Masuki | Hotel |
60. | Salat ganyen da ake ci | Salade |
61. | Choi garyen da ake ci | Chou |
62. | Karas | Carotte |
63. | Dankalin turawa | Pomme de terre |
64. | Inshora | Assurance |
65. | K’aramar bindiga | Pistolet |
66. | Abin sa ruwa | Tonneau |
67. | K’Aramar motar haya | Taxi |
68. | K’aramar jikkar hannu | Malletee |
69. | Iskan gas | Gaz |
70. | Man manyan motochi | Gasoil |
71. | Mai na mota (fetur) | Essence |
72. | Firijin | Frigo |
73. | Wasik’a | Lettre |
74. | ‘Dan majalisa | Depute |
75. | Kayan sarki | Tenue |
76. | Ano (sakaya kala d’aya) | Uniforme |
77. | Shataletale | Rond point |
78. | Wurin tsayawa | Stop |
79. | Signal | Clienton |
80. | Jar wuta | Feu rouge |
81. | Babbar makaranta sakandarai | Lycee |
82. | Makarantar horon malamai | Ecole normale |
83. | Zanen gado | Drap |
84. | Sockettee | Multiprise |
85. | Kwanon abinci d’aya | Plat |
86. | Bokiti | Seau |
87. | Zanen kofa | Rideau |
88. | Dogon hutun yara ‘yan makaranta | Vacances |
89. | Na d’aya | Premier |
90. | Na k’arshe | Dernier |
91. | Takardar shedar jarabawa | Bulletin |
92. | Uwa | Maman |
93. | Shugaba | Chef |
94. | Radiyo | Radio |
95. | Wakili | Delegue |
96. | Wurin gyarna mota | Garage |
97. | Rufaffin takalmin | Soulier |
98. | Chasis | Chassis |
99. | Manjagara | Rateau |
100. | Mai gyarna wuta | Electricien |
101. | Sa wuta | Instalation |
102. | Almakashi | Ciseau |
103. | Katifa | Matelas |
104. | Sakon kud’i | Mandat |
105. | Shagon ajiye kaya | Magasin |
106. | Galam | Bidon |
107. | Machin | Moto |
108. | Kandur | Bougie |
109. | Aji | Classe |
110. | Makaranta | Ecole |
111. | Karamin kapet | |
112. | Littafen rubutu | |
113. | Littafen karatu | |
114. | Biro | |
115. | Blackboard | |
116. | Tabur | |
117. | Signboard | |
118. | Tudu da kware | |
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