Kudin Kammala Karatun Digiri Na Farko (B.A. Hausa) Da Aka Gabatar A Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.
Bambanci Da Kamanci Tsakanin Karin Harshen Sakkwatanci Da
Katsinanci (4)
NA
NAZIRU MUHAMMAD ALKALI
BABI NA UKU
JUMLOLI A KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI
3.0 SHIMFIɗA
Wannan babi shi ne babin da ya ke ɗauke da nazari kan karin harshen Sakkwatanci,
kuma a cikin sa ne za a ga ire-iren kalmomi da jumlolin da karin harshen
Sakkwatanci yake da su. Waɗanda suka haɗa da azuzuwan kalmomi da Sassauƙar jumla a karin harshen Sakkwatanci, da kuma
jumlar tambaya da ta umarni, tare da jumlar korewa duk a cikin
karin harshen Sakkwatanci. Za a kawo su ne kamar yadda aka kawo na
daidaitacciyar Hausa a babi na biyu. Kafin a yi duk waɗannan bayanan sai an waiwayi abin da masana
suka ce game da karin harshen Sakkwatanci.
3.1 KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI
Idan ana maganar karin harshen Sakkwatanci za a ga cewa karin
harshe ne mai babban kaso wanda ya ƙunshi karuruwan harsunan yammacin ƙasar Hausa. Idan
aka yi la’akari da ra’ayoyin wasu daga cikin masana waɗanda ke ganin cewa, karin harshe ya kasu
kashi biyu wato Karin harshen gabas wanda ya ƙunshi Kananci, Zazzaganci, Katsinanci da
makamantansu, sai kuma karin harshen yamma wanda ya ƙunshi
Sakkwatanci, Kabanci, Zamfaranci, Arewanci, da sauran kare-karen harshen yamma.
Saboda kasancewar garin Sakkwato a matsayin babbar mahaɗa ga sauran karuruwan harsunan yamma. Saboda
haka sai masana ilimin kimiyyar nazarin harshe suka zaɓi karin harshen Sakkwatanci ya zama jagora ga
sauran karuruwan harshen Hausa da suke da alaƙa da juna ta fuskar furuci da tsarin sauti da
yanayin gini jumla da ma’ana. Akan samu dangantaka ta fagen karin harshe da
al’adu da auratayya, addini da kuma kasuwanci. Wasu kaɗan daga cikin masanan da suka tofa albarkacin
bakinsu game da karin harshen Sakkwatanci su ne:
Hamma'ali, (1985), ya nuna cewa "Sakkwatanci Karin
harshe ne na Sakkwato. An samo kalmar Sakkwatanci ne daga sunan garin Sakkwato.
Sakkwatanci karin harshe ne na mutanen Sakkwato. Sai dai kuma ba ana nufin
Jihar Sakkwato gaba ɗaya ba. Wasu na ganin tsagwaron Sakkwatawa su ne, waɗanda ke garuruwan da ke kusa da Sakkwato,
wato Zamfarawa, Kabawa da Arawa, musamman waɗanda aka kafa ko ciyar da su gaba, bayan jihadi.
Wasu masana na ganin cewa, Sakkwatanci karin harshe ne na
mulki. Dalilin da ya sa suke ganin Sakkwatanci a matsayin karin harshe na mulki
shi ne, saboda kasancewar Sakkwato cibiyar daular Usmaniyya. Wadda bayan ƙare jihadi ita
ce ke faɗa a ji a ƙasar Hausa, har zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka.
Bisa la’akari da ra’ayin wannan manazarci ana iya cewa karin harshen
Sakkwatanci ya samo asali ne daga ginuwar garin Sakkwato a zamanin jihadin
Shehu ɗanfodiyo, inda aka zaɓi garin Sakkwato don ya zama babbar fadar
mulki ta masu jihadi. Wannan zaɓen da aka yi wa Sakkwato sai ya samar da dama ga mutanen garin
Sakkwato na mallakar kalmomi da ƙwayoyin sautukan sauran kare-karen harshen da
suke maƙwabtaka da garin
Sakkwaton wajen ginin kalma da samar da jumla zuwa fahimtar ma’ana da take ƙunshe cikin
zantukan yau da kullum.
3.2 KALMOMIN KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI
Waɗannan kalmomi da za a gabatar a nan kalmomi ne, da ake tattaunawa
a kan su cikin shirin zauren Sakkwatanci na gidan rediyo vision F.M. waɗannan kalmomin za a adana su ne don gudun
salwantar su nan gaba. Ga jerin kalmomin:
Kalmomin Sakkwatanci Ma’ana a
Daidaitacciyar Hausa
Al’amurra
al’amura
Agalemi
buzu
Akaihwa
farce
Alkwato
dodonkoɗI
Alloba
annoba
Anka
aka
Arbiƙi
unguwarzoma
Assibit
asabar
Awo
Ee
Batu
magana
Basilla
allura
Biɗa
nema
Burgu
gafiya
Bugu
duka
Rwarwaka
raraka
Hwara
fara
Wanga
wannan
Wargi
wasa
Shigihwa
ɗaki
Biɗa
nema
Ragaita
shiririta
3.2.1 KALMOMI MASU BAMBANCIN FURUCI AMMA MA’ANA ɗAYA
Bargery (1934) shi ne ya yi ƙoƙarin kawo waɗannan kalmomin na Sakkwatanci tare da kwatanta su da na
Daidaitacciyar Hausa. Saboda haka, ga wasu kaɗan daga cikin su bisa tsarin gidan rediyon Vision F.M. tare da
ma’anar su cikin daidaitacciyar Hausa. Ga misalin su:
Karin Harshen
Sakkwatanci
Katsinanci
Agalemi
buuzuu
Alkwatoo
Koɗi
Akaihwa
Farcee
Arbiiƙii
Unguwarzoma
Badaraa
Tsuntsu
Bagajaa
Kwatamii
Bundii
Wutsiyaa
ɓartakee
Abaawaa
ɓaaci
Zaagi
ɓaace-ɓaace
zage-zage
Hwarcee
Yaatsaa
Gambuu
ƙyaure
Gulbii
Koogii
Gujjiyaa
Gyaɗa
Guroo
Kuɓeewaa
Gidan
bisa
Beenee
Habɗii
Tookaa
3.2.2 KALMOMI MASU MA’ANA ɗAYA, AMMA
SAUTI BAMBAN
A nan ƙasa, in an za a ga Sakkwatatun kalmomi waɗanda ma’anarsu ɗaya da na Daidaitacciyar Hausa, amma sautin su ya bambanta da na
Daidaitacciyar Hausa. Ga misalan kaɗan daga cikin su:
Sakkwatanci
Daidaitacciyar Hausa
Allooba
Annooba
Al’amurraa
Al’amura
Attanin
Litinin
Anguwaa
Unguwaa
Assibit
Asabar
Bahwaadee
Bafaade
Busshiyaa
Bishiya
Bukii
Bikii
Ciyyoo
Ciiwoo
Jibjii
Juujii
Laahiyaa
Laafiyaa
Laƙyas
Laƙwas
Lallai
Lalle
Mussai
Mushee
Sabkaa
Saukaa
Saashee
Saashi
Shibkaa
Shuukaa
Shidda
Shida
Sihilii
Sifirii
Suuraa
Suumaa
Swaɓaanii
Saaɓaanii
Swaahwaa
Saafaa
Sakkwatanci yakan yi amfani da waɗansu kalmomi waɗanda shi kaɗai ya keɓanta da su, sai wasu daga cikin kare-karen harshen yammaci wato
‘yan dangin Sakkwatanci, waɗanda su ma ba kowace kalma ce daga cikin kalmomin suke amfani da
ita ba. Amma wannan ba ya haddasa bambancin ma’ana a kan ire-iren waɗannan kalmomi da sauran kare-karen harshen
Hausa ke amfani da su.
Wannan na nufin idan Sakkwatanci ya yi amfani da wata kalma,
to akwai irinta a Daidaitacciyar Hausa da sauran kare-karen harshen Hausa sai
dai akan sami bambancin ƙwayoyin sautuka a tsakanin su. Sannan kalmar ba ta da bambancin
ma’ana da takwarar ta, da ke samu a cikin sauran kare-karen harshen Hausa ko a
Daidaitacciyar Hausa. Alal misali, Sakkwatanci yakan yi amfani da kalmar
‘katattara’ wato wani sashe na ƙafar mutum mai tattare da nama, wanda ya taso daga guiwa zuwa ɗuwawu). Amma a Daidaitacciyar Hausa da wasu
kare-karen harshen Hausa sukan yi amfani da kalmar ‘cinya’ a maimakon
katattara. A nan, ma’anar katattara da cinya ba bambanci. Akan iya a sami
bambancin tsarin kalmomin, amma ma’anarsu ɗaya. Ko kuma bambancin furuci, amma ma’ana ɗaya tsakanin Sakkwatanci da Daidaitacciyar
Hausa ko ma da sauran kare-karen harshen gabashi.
3.3 JUMLOLIN KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI
A babi na biyu an kawo nau’o’in jumlar daidaitacciyar Hausa,
tare da misalan su, har nazarin ya fitar da tsarin azuzuwan kalmomin da kowace
jumla ta ƙunsa. A wannan babin an kawo jerin wasu daga cikin kalmomi
mallakar karin harshen Sakkatanci tare da taƙaitaccen bayani dangane da karin harshen
Sakkwatancin kansa. Sannan an waiwayi yadda tsarin nau’o’in ginin jumlolin
karin harshen Sakkwatanci tare da nazartar su daki-daki. Ga yadda nazarin ya
gudana:
3.3.1 SASSAUƘAR JUMLA
A KARIN HARSHEN SAKKWATANCI
Kamar yadda Sassauƙar Jumlar daidaitacciyyar Hausa ta ƙunshi yankin
Suna da kuma abin da aka faɗi a game da suna; haka ma Sassauƙar jumlar Sakkwatanci ta ƙunshi yankin
suna da kuma yankin abin da aka faɗi a game da suna. Misali wasu daga cikin jumlolin Sakkwatanci.
a- Bala
ya c
canye abinci.
Sn aik
maf lokt
Aik
Sn ƙb
S
A
K
b- Musa
na ya s
sha
ruwa
Sn aik
maf
lokt
Aik
Snƙb
S
A
K
c- Musa
ya k kaama
Zaki
Sn aik
maf
lokt
Aik Sn ƙb
S
A
K
d- Ali
ya k
kashe Kare
Sn aik
maf
lokt
Aik Sn ƙb
S
A
K
3.2.2 JUMLAR TAMBAYA
Jumlar tambaya ita ce jumlar da ake yi domin tambaya. Saboda
haka Sakkwatanci yakan canja wasu daga cikin kalmomin na tambaya, amma kuma
wasu basu canjawa, kamar yadda daidaitacciyar Hausa take faɗinsu haka Sakkwatanci shi ma yake faɗinsu. Ga wasu daga cikinsu.
- Shi ina Maryam
tat tahi ?
klm
tmb
almtmb
- Shin waa
aŋ ka aika ?
klm
tmb
almtmb
- Shin yaushee na
za a dawo wa aiki ?
klm
tmb
almtmb
- Shin ƙaƙaa
za a yi ?
klm
tmb
almtmb
- Yayaa
Audu yah hwaɗi jarabawa ?
klm
tmb
almtmb
- Mii Ali
yas saye ?
klm
tmb
almtmb
- Wa suŋka
zo ɗazu ?
klm tmb
almtmb
3.2.3 JUMLAR UMARNI
Jumlar umurni kamar sauran jumloli ita ma jumlar umurni ta
karin harshen Sakkwatanci daidai take da jumlar umurni ta daidaitacciyar Hausa.
Haka ma takan zo da kalma ɗaya rak, a matsayin jumla, kuma ta ba da ma'ana cikakkiya, kalmar
da take zuwa da ita, itace kalmar aikatau. Ga kaɗan daga cikin misalan jumlar umurni a karin harshen Sakkwatanci.
- Ali tashi !
- Kabiru rubuta !
- Musa Karanta !
Haka jumlar ya kamata ta kasance amma saboda wasu dalilai sai
ta koma kamar haka:
Misali:
Tashi !
Rubuta !
Karanta !
3.2.4 JUMLAR KOREWA
Jumlar korewa ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci ita ma daidai take
da jumlar korewa ta Daidaitacciyar Hausa. Sai dai kuma ita wannan jumlar ta
korewa ta ɗan bambanta da
ta daidaitacciyar Hausa a wasu baƙaƙen haruffa na Sakkatanci da suka saɓa da na daidaitacciyar Hausa. Ga wasu daga
cikin su:
- Baa
Ali yas sayee ba.
- Rabi
ba ta
tahi makaranta ba.
- Baa kuɗɗi
banki.
- Agwagwa
ba ta
tashi sama sosai.
- Baabu
ruwa
a randa.
- bai dace
a hana bara ba.
- Kaada
kaa tahi/kar
ka a tahi.
- 3 NAɗEWA
Wannan babi wato babi na uku inda aka bayyana karin harshen
Sakkwatanci a bisa ra’ayoyin masana da kuma ire-iren jumlar Hausa karin harshen
Sakkwatanci, tare kuma da kawo wasu misalai daga ciki. A sassauƙar jumlar Hausa
ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci an yi bayani cewa ita ma jumlar ta ƙumshi yanki biyu
wato yankin suna da kuma yankin abin da aka faɗi a game da suna, haka ita ma jumlar karin harshen Sakkwatanci
tana bias tsarin S.A.K, kamar haka sassauƙar jumlar daidaitacciyar Hausa. Jumlar
tambaya ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci ita ma kamar jumlar tambaya take ta
daidaitacciyar Hausa, jumla ce da ake yi domin tambaya. Jumlar umurni ta karin
harshen Sakkwatanci, ita ma kamar jumlar umurni take ta daidaitacciyar Hausa,
ana gina ta ne akan umurni. Jumlar korewa ta karin harshen Sakkwatanci, ita ma
kamar jumlar korewa take ta daidaitacciyar Hausa, ana gina ta ne a kan korewa
sai dai ta bambanta da ta daidaitacciyar Hausa kaɗan.
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.