Dusashewar Wasannin Gargajiya A K’asar Yabo (5)

    Wannan babi na huɗu zai kawo bayani game da tasirin zamani a cikin wasannan gargajiya a Ƙasar Yabo. Sannan babin zai waiwayi dalilan da suka haifar da dusashewar wasannan gargajiya a ƙasar ta Yabo.

    Sufiyanu Abubakar
    Hassan Ladan
    Hassana Mustapha Ibrahim

    Wasanni


    Tasirin Zamani a Cikin Wasannin Gargajiya a Ƙasar Yabo

    Haƙiƙa a bayyane yake cewa, zamani ya yi tasiri matuƙa cikin wasannin gargajiya a ƙasar Yabo a yau. Wannan tasiri ya haɗa da raunana wasu daga cikin wasannin, da ma dushewar wasu daga cikinsu gaba ɗaya. A halin yanzu a fili yake cewa, yara da matasa sun bar al’adun gargajiya na zaman tare wanda ya haɗa da cin abinci wuri ɗaya, da zaman sauraron tatsuniya da labarai da kacici-kacici, da kuma zaman hira. A ɓangare guda, ayyukan gayya waɗanda ke haɗa yara da matasa sun kau a ƙasar Hausa. Gushewar da irin waɗannan al’adu na zaman tare tsakanin yara da matasa ya samar da dusashewar wasannin gargajiya na Hausa.

    Dalilin da Ya Haifar da Dusashewar Wasannin Gargajiya a Ƙasar Yabo


    Akwai dalilai da dama waɗanda suka haifar da dusashewar wasnnin gargajiya a ƙasar Yabo. Daga cikinsu akwai samuwar ilmin addini wanda ke hani daga shagala da ayyukan ɓata lokaci. Samuwar ilimin boko shi ma ya taimaka wajen kawar da irin waɗannan wasanni. Waɗanda `yan boko ke ɗauka cewa rashin wayewar kai ne ke sa aiwatar da su. Sauran dalilan da suka kawo dusashewar wasannin gargajiya a garin Yabo sun haɗa da samuwar kafafen sadarwa na yanar gizo (internet) da kuma samuwar finafinan Hausa da makamantansu.

    Ilimin Addini


    Ilimin addinin Musulunci ya samu ne a ƙasar Hausa ya kuma zauna da gindinsa. Domin shi addini ne wanda ke tafe da ilimi. Ya ba wa ilimi muhimmanci na sosai da sosai. Sannan ya yi watsi da aikin banza da wasa mara amfani da zaman banza da shagala da sauransu.

    Duk da akwai masana da suke ganin cewa addinin Musulunci ya shigo ƙasar Hausa tun kafin ƙarni na goma sha huɗu, Wasu na ganin cewa addinin Musulunci ya shigo ƙasar Hausa tun ƙarni na goma sha biyu. Wasu ma sun ce tun ƙarni na bakwai (Habibu, 2001: 47). Amma akwai tabbacin Musulunci ya shigo ƙasar Hausa tun zamanin sarkin Kano Ali Yaji. Wato shekarar 1349 zuwa 1385 (Birnin-Tudu, 2002: 128).

    Daga ƙarni na sha takwas zuwa na sha tara kuma, (musamman lokacin jihadi), marubuta da dama sun rubuta waƙoƙi domin faɗakarwa da kuma kiran al’umma (Birnin-Tudu, 2002)
    [1]. Irin waɗannan rubuce-rubuce da kuma koyarwar malaman addini sun yi tasiri matuƙa wajen kawar da wasannin gargajiya ta fuskoki da dama. Domin kuwa yara da matasa sun shagaltu ne ga zuwa makarantin addini da karance-karance ba tare da samun lokacin wasanni ba.

    Ilimin Boko


    Ilimin boko ya fara samuwa ne a Nijeriya a wajajen 1820, amma bai bunƙasa sosai ba sai bayan 1840 yayin a wannan lokaci ne ya fara zuwa ƙasar Hausa (Ibrahim, et al, 2006). Wannan karatu na boko ya zo da canji da dama ga al’ummar Hausawa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan canji shi ne yadda ‘ya’yan Hausawa ke barin duk wasu lamurra domin halartar makarantar bokon na wani tsawon lokaci cikin ranaku shida na sati. Bayan haka, yayin da ‘yan makarantar suka dawo gida, mai yiwuwa ne akwai wani aikin jinga da za su gudanar.

    Irin waɗannan abubuwa da karatun boko ya zo da su sun sanya ‘ya’yan Hausawa daina mai da hankali kan wasannin da suka gada ga iyaye da kakanni. A maimakon haka sai suka raja’a kan karatun na boko. Haƙiƙa wannan na ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka kawo dusashewar wasannin gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa baki ɗaya. Wanda shi ne dalilin dusashewar wasannin a ƙasar Yabo

    Kafafen Sada Zumunta na Zamani


    Yanar gizo wato intanet ya ƙunshi hanyoyi da dama na sada zumunta. Hukumomin tsaro da na sadarwa da kuma ɗaiɗaikun mutane da dama sun samar da kafafen sada zumunta iri-iri ta hanyar amfani da intanet. A zuwa yau, kullum irin waɗannan kafofin sadarwa suna ci gaba da haɓaka ne. Wannan ya sanya da wuya a iya ƙididdige yawan waɗannan kafofin sadarwa na intanet.

    A duniyar yau, tuni yanar gizo wato, intanet ta auri yara da matasa, su kuwa suka tare a gidanta. Wani bincike da kamfanin Google ya gudanar a shekarar 2015 ya nuna cewa, a wuraren da aka ci gaba, a ƙalla matasa sukan yi awa goma sha biyar (15) a bisa intanet a kowace rana. Wannan ya bi sahun wani bincike da gwamnatin Amurka ta taɓa gudanarwa, wanda binciken yana nuni da cewa, a ƙalla matasan Amurka sukan yi awa goma sha biyar zuwa sha shida (15-16) suna kallon tibi (Tɓ) a kowace rana. Haƙiƙa idan aka yi la’akari da waɗannan sakamako na ƙididdiga guda biyu, za a iya hasashen cewa, shafin intanet shi ne ya ƙwace abubuwa da dama wanɗanda matasan suka shagala da aiwatarwa. Wannan ya faru ne musamman idan aka yi la’akari da cewa, idan ana maganar kallon tibi ne, akwai ko wane irin kallo mutum yake buƙata a kafar intanet (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 21).

    Yara da matasan Hausawa ma ba a bar su a baya ba a ɓangaren amfani da yanar gizo. Intanet ya ƙwace al’adu da dama na Hausawa. Wannan ya haɗa da wasannin gargajiya da dama, da hira har ma da ziyara. A maimakon duk waɗannan, matasa sun zaɓi su hau bisa intanet da wayoyinsu. A maimakon zuwa taron hira da matasa ke yi, a yanzu sukan iya kwanciya a ɗaki sannan su yi hirar bisa intanet, tsakaninsu da abokan kusa har ma da na nesa.

    Haƙiƙa intanet za a iya cewa ya kasance tamkar hanjin jimina ne, wato akwai na ci sannan akwai na zubarwa. Akwai ɗinbin alfanu da intanet ya zo da shi ga duniyar Hausawa. Sannan ya sauƙaƙa abubuwa da dama. Sai dai kamar yadda Hausawa ke cewa, kowane allazi da nasa amanu amma wani kafaru gare shi. Saboda haka, kafar intanet ta zo da abubuwa da dama waɗanda suka kasance koma baya ga rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa.

    Daga cikin waɗannan kafofin sadarwa na yanar gizo akwai:

     

    1.     Tu go (2go)


    Tugo kafa ce ta sadarwa a intanet. Ya samu karɓuwa matuƙa, musamman lokacin da ya shigo a wajajen shekarar 2007. An ƙirƙiro tugo a Johannesburg. Sai dai a yanzu haka ta kasance a Cape Town, South Africa. Waɗanda suka ƙirƙiro Tugo kuwa sun kasance ɗalibai a jami’ar Witwatersrand. Ɗaliban sun ƙirƙiro tugo domin su riƙa sadarwa a tsakaninsu musamman yayin da suke hutu (Idan aka samu hutun makaranta). Bayan haka, da tafiya ta yi tafiya sai kafar sadarwa ta yaɗu. Jama’a da dama na amfani da ita domin sadarwa a halin yanzu cikinsu har da matasan Hausawa da na Yabo (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 22).

     

    1.     Facebook (Fesbuk)


    Facebook kafa ce ta sadarwa wadda take da matuƙar farin jini. Wanda ya ƙirƙiro wannan kafa shi ne Mark Zuckerberg. An buɗe shafin ne a shekarar 2004. Sannan ya yi tunanin ƙirƙirar kafar ne domin ya samu damar sada zumunci tsakaninsa da abokansa a lokacin hutun makaranta. Sai kuma Allah ya sanya wa kafar sadarwar tasa farin jini. Wanda a yanzu haka, mutanen da ke amfani da shafin Facebook sun kai sama da biliyan ɗaya. Ko kwanan baya mai shafin facebook ɗin ya kawo ziyara a Nijeriya, inda a yayin ziyarar tasa ya bayyana cewa, ya kamata a sanya harshen Hausa a cikin jerin harsunan da ake amfani da su a shafin Facebook. Wanda kuma ba da jimawa ba aka yi hakan. Yanzu haka masu amfani da shafin da dama suna yi ne ta hanyar amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin harshen umurni (Morison, 2011). Shi ma wannan ya juyar da hankalin samarin Hausawa daga aiwatar da wasu wasanni na gargajiya (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 22).

    Whatsapp

    Wannan ma wata kafa ce ta sadarwa a intanet. An ƙirƙiro kafar sadarwa ta Whatsapp ne a shekarar 2009. Waɗanda suka ƙirƙiro kafar su ne, Brian Acton da kuma Jan Koum. Dukansu biyu sun taɓa yin aiki da kamfanin sadarwa na Yahoo. Wannan kafa ta sadarwa ta kasance mai farin jini matuƙa. Kusan ma zuwanta ne ya sanya aka rage amfani da kafar sadarwa ta (2go) domin Tugo ba ya ba da damar tura bidiyo kamar yadda ake turawa a kafar sadarwa ta Whatsapp. Wannan kafa ita ma ta taimaka ainun wajen shagaltar da matasa ga al`adunsu na gargajiya (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 23).

     

    • Twitter


    An ƙirƙiro wannan kafar sadarwa a shekarar 2006. Waɗanda suka ƙirƙiro wannan kafa ta sadarwa su ne: Jack Dorsey da Noah Glass da Biz Stone da kuma Eɓan Williams. Wannan kafa ta sadarwa tana da farin jini sosai, sannan mutane da dama ne ke amfani da ita; har da samarin Yabo (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 22).

     

    1.     Instgram


    An ƙirƙiro Instagram ne a shekarar 2010. Wanda ya ƙirƙiro kafar sadarwar sunansa Keɓin Systrom. Bayan ya ƙirƙiro wannan kafa ne kuma, ya watsa ta duniya gaba ɗaya inda jama’a da dama ke amfani da ita. Wannan kafa an fi ɗora hotuna da kuma ƙananan bidiyoyi. Hakan ya sanya samari da ‘yan mata na yawaita amfani da wannan kafa domin burgewa da jan hankulan juna a maimakon wasannin gargajiya irin na dandali (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 24).

     

    1.     LinkedIn


    Wannan ma wata kafa ce ta sadarwa ta intanet, musamman ga masu sana’a. Akan yi amfani da ita ko dai ta komfuta ko kuma wayar hannu.  Hedikwatar wannan kafar ya sadarwa ya kasance a Mountain ɓiew, California a cikin United States. An ƙirƙiro wannan kafa a shekarar 2002. Waɗanda suka ƙirƙiro wannan kafa su ne: 
    Reid Hoffman da Konstantin Guericke da Jean-Luc ɓaillant da Allen Blue da kuma Eric Ly (‘Yartsakuwa, 2016: 24).

    Haƙiƙa waɗannan kafafen sadarwa da suke sama da makamantansu, sun ɗauke hankalin ‘ya’yan Hausawa matuƙa daga barin wasannan gargajiya.

     

    • Samuwar Finafinai


    Tarihin fara finafinan Hausa (harkar da ta fi kafuwa a Kano) yana da dangantaka ta kai-tsaye da tarihin fara fina-finai a Nijeriya baki ɗaya (Ali, 2004). Fim kuwa a Nijeriya ya samu tun kafin samuwar Nijeriya a matsayin ƙasa ɗaya. An fara fin na farko a Nijeriya ƙarƙashin kulawar Herbert Macauly a shekarar 1903 (Alfred, 1979; Ali, 2004). A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, ba a haɗa Kudu da Arewa (a matsarin ƙasa ɗaya – Nijeriya) ba sai a shekarar 1914. Yayin da kuma aka ba wa Nijeriya ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960 (Isichei, 1997; Douglas, 2004). Tsakanin shekarar 1903 zuwa 1970 an samu yunƙurin shirya finafinai da dama. Ali, (200) ya kira su da rukunin fina-finan farko na ‘yancin kai. Masu hannu a cikin waɗannan fina-finai sun haɗa da Nuhu Ramalam da Adamu Halilu. Bayan nan kuma, kamfanoni sun ɗauki nauyin shirya wasu fina-finai. Daga cikin waɗannan fina-finan akwai ‘Shehu Umar’ da ‘Amadi’ da ‘Salla Durba’ (Ali, 2004).

    Fina-finan Hausa kuwa kamar yadda ake kallon su yanzu, an fara su ne tsakanin shekarar 1980 zuwa 1984 a Kano (Gidan Dabino, 2001). Fage, (2011) ya ce, fina-finan Hausa waɗanda aka fi sani da finafinan Kanawa sun fara samun karɓuwa ne wajen 1990. A wannan lokaci an sami ƙungiyoyin fim guda uku da suka haɗa da (i) Gwauron Dutse, da (ii) Karate, da kuma (iii) Gyaranya, waɗanda kuma duka sun wanzu ne a Kano. Fina-finan farko da aka fara gudanarwa ƙarƙashin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi su ne: ‘Hukuma Maganin ‘Yan Banza’ da ‘Yan Ɗaukar Amarya’ da kuma ɓaƙar Indiya’. Waɗanda suka ɗauki nauyin waɗannan fina-finai su ne masu ɗaukar nauyi na farko (first producers); Alhaji Hamisu da Muhammad Gurgu da kuma sani Lamma (Gidan Dabino, 2001; Ali, 2004).

    Samuwar waɗannan finafinan Hausa ya sanya yara da matasan Hausawa sun raja’a matuƙa wajen kallonsa. Hakan ya sanya ba su damu da wasannin gargajiya ba. domin kuwa yara sun gwammaci su zauna gaban kallon fim sama da tafiya wurin wasa. Haƙiƙa wannan wani dalili ne na dusashewar wasannin gargajiya a ƙasar yabo.

     

    • Rashin Ƙarfafawa Daga Shuwagabanni


    Haƙiƙa shuwagabanni ba su ɗauki wasannin gargajiya na Hausawa da muhimmanci ba duk da kuwa wasannin suna da muhimmanci ta wasu ɓangarori. A maimakon haka, shuwagabannin sun yi biris da lamurran irin waɗannan wasanni. Wannan rashin ba da kulawa na shuwagabanni game da wasannin gargajiyar Hausawa na ɗaya daga cikin dalilin dusashewarsu.

     

    • Mutuwar Ƙungiyoyin Samari


    A da can, samarin Hausawa suna da ƙungiyoyi a unguwanni da kuma wuraren hutawa. Ma’ana sukan yi ayyuka tare, su ci abinci tare sannan su yi zaman hira tare. Haka ma yara ‘yammata da maza suna da irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi. Sannan irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi na yara sukan ƙara ƙarfi sakamakon wasu al’adu na Hausawan da suka haɗa da tatsuniya (wanda yaran kan saurara a ƙungiyance/rukuni) wasannin shekara wato kaka, da ayyukan gayya da kuma ciyayya (kawo abinci domin a haɗa a ci tare da juna) da dai sauran makamantansu.

    Haƙiƙa a yanzu irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun yi ƙaranci. Hasalima rayuwar ta koma ramin kura, daga ke sai ‘ya’yanki. Al’adar cin abin ci tare ta yi baya. Irin wannan na ɗaya daga cikin dalilin dusashewar wasannin gargajiya a ƙasar Yabo.


    Naɗewa


    Wanna babi ya yi duba ne zuwa ga tasirin zamani a kan wasannin gargajiya na Hausawa musamman a ƙasar Yabo. Babin ya kawo dalilan da suka kawo dusashewar wasannin gargajiya a ƙasar Yabo. Waɗannan dalilai sun haɗa da samuwar ilimin addini da ilimin boko, da kuma samuwar hanyoyin sadarwa na yanar gizo. Wasu ƙarin dalilan susashewar wasannin gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa wanda babin ya kawo sun haɗa da halin ko-oho da shuwagabanni suka yi ga wasannin da kuma samuwar finafinai a ƙasar Hausa.



    [1] Bayan an yi nasarar jihadi, Musulunci ya yi ƙarfi, rubutattun waƙoƙi sun ci gaba da bunƙasa har aka shiga ƙarni na ashirin. Bayan nan ne kuma jigogin waƙoƙin suka bunƙasa, suka wuce iya na addini kawai, suka shafi na duniyaci (Birnin-Tudu, 2002).

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