Tasirin alaƙar dake tsakanin mata da Karin Magana dangantaka ce ta
ƙut-da-kut, kamar alif da lam. Mata da Karin Magana ɗan juma ne da ɗan
jumai, kusan koyaushe ba su rabuwa. Hoton mata ya mamaye fiye da kashi
saba’in cikin ɗari na Karin Maganar Hausa. Dalilin haka ne wannan
bincike mai taken “Hoton Mata a Karin Magana” ya bi didigi kuma ya shiga
taskar masana adabi daban-daban, sannan ya yi yunkuri, ya tsakuro wasu
daga cikin hotunan da ke bayanin rayuwar mata da
__________________________________________
HOTON MATA A KARIN MAGANA
(THE IMAGE OF WOMEN IN HAUSA PROVERBS)
Shafa’atu Salihu Labbo
Mail: shafasalisulabbo@gmail.com
Phone No.: 07069252226
____________________________________________
SADAUKARWA
Na sadaukar da wannan bincike, mai take “Hoton Mata a Karin Magana” ga:
- Mahaifana, Alhaji Salihu Labbo da Hajiya Hindatu Musa, waɗanda suka haife ni kuma suka rene ni tare da tarbiyantar da ni
- Da Uwata, Hauwa’u Wadda aka fi sani da suna “Yaya” wadda ta riƙa ni, riƙo na amana kuma ta taimaka wa rayuwata ganin na sami ilimi, Allah ya jiƙanta da rahama
- Da Malamaina tun daga Makarantar allo, da Islamyya da Firamare zuwa sakandare, da kwalejin ilimi har zuwa jami’a
- Da sauran iyayena da ‘yan uwana da ‘ya’yana maza da mata.
- Da duk masana da masu nazari da karatu da sha’awar halshen Hausa da adabinsa da al’adunsa.
GODIYA
“In an ba ka, ka gode”.
Dukkan yabo da godiya sun tabbata ga Allah Maɗaukaki game da ni’imominsa waɗanda ba su ƙidayuwa (ƙirguwa). Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata ga Annabi Muhammad (SAW) da alayensa da sahabbansa. Yardar Allah ta tabbata ga mabiya Managarta da waɗanda suka yi koyi da su har zuwa ranar ƙarshe.
Bayan haka, aikin bincike, aiki ne wanda yake da wahala ƙwarai da gaske a ce mutum ya kammala shi ba tare da taimakon wasu ba. Saboda haka ya zama dole in miƙa godiyata ga duk waɗanda suka ba ni gudummuwar ganin wannan aiki ya cimma nasarar kammala sa.
Da farko in miƙa godiya ta ga mahaifana, Alh. Salihu Labbo da Hajiya Hindatu Musa, bisa ga ɗawainiyar da suke yi da ni, ta tarbiyya da neman ilimi da addu’o’in fatar alheri tun daga haifuwa har zuwa yau. Ba zan yi tuya in manta da albasa ba, sai na miƙa godiyata da addu’ar neman rahama ga uwata, wadda ta riƙa ni, riamana tare da gina tarbiyyata da kafa min tubalin neman ilimi, marigayiya Hauwa’u (Yaya), ta bar yabanyar abin da ta shuka, amma ba ta ga ‘ya’yansa ba. Allah ya saka da alheri ya kuma lulluɓeta da rahamarsa.
Godiya ta musamman tare da jinjina da yabawa ga Malamina, Dr. Musa Fadama, wanda ya yi juriyar duba wannan aiki tun daga farkonsa har zuwa kammalarsa, tare da gyare-gyare, shawarwari da kuma gudummuwar kayan aiki, don ganin wannan binciken haƙarsa ta cimma ruwa, Allah ya saka da alheri Malam, ya kuma ƙara ɗaukaka.
Ya zama dole a gare ni in miƙa godiyata tare da jinjina da fatar alheri ga iyaye, Malamai, waɗanda da bazarsu ce nake taka rawa a fagen neman ilimi, ta hanyar shawarwari, da fatan alheri da kuma gudummuwarsu ta yau da kullum, kamar:
Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza, da kuma Babana Malam Adamu Malumfashi, wanda shi ne ya yi ɗawainiyar aiko min da kayan aiki daga Zariya, da Farfesa Magaji Tsoho Yakawada, da Farfesa Atiku Dumfawa, da Farfesa Halliru Amfani da Farfesa Ɗantumbishi, da Farfesa Abdullahi Balarabe, da Farfesa Aliyu Musa Kano, da Dr. Y.A Gobir, da Dr. Salisu Sadi Tsafe, Dr. A.S Gulbi, da Malam Aliyu Ɗangulbi, da Malam Musa Abdullahi da Malam Isa S/Fada.
Haka kuma, ina miƙa cikakkiyar godiyata ga maigidana, Abdullahi Muhammad Bello akan goyon baya da gudummuwa da ƙwarin guiwa da yake ba ni a lamurran neman ilimi. Allah ya saka da alkheri.
Ba zan gushe ba sai na yi godiya ga ‘yanuwa da abokan arziki a kan addu’o’i da fatar alheri da suke yi min koda yaushe, kamar: Basira Salihu Labbo, da Nana A’isha da Shafi’u da Rashida, da Ramlatu, da Abdul-Rashid, da Abdul-Aziz, da Fatima, da Balkisu da Salisu da Rabi’atu da Shu’aibu da Hassan da Husaina, da Hadiza da Zaharaddin Salihu Labbo. Haka kuma da irin su Hajiya Hajaru Suleiman Mada, da Principle ɗi na Makaantarmu Alh. Kabiru Attahiru da Malam Sa’idu Shu’aibu, da irinsu Malam Murtala da Yuguda da Ɗanmaliki da Suleiman da Abubakar Bala da duk sauran masu yi min fatan alheri.
A ƙarshe, ina miƙa godiyata ga ‘ya’yana, Fatima Abdullahi Bello da Muhammad A. Bello da Ahmad A. Bello akan juriyar da suka yi na haƙurin rashina a lokacin gudanar wannan karatu, da kuma addu’o’in da suka yi min na fatar alheri koyaushe. Ina kuma miƙa godiya ta ga duk wanda ya tallafa min ta kowace hanya, ko ya yi min fatar alheri.
Bugu da ƙarim ina ba da haƙuri ga duk wanda ya kamata a ambata a wannan fage, amma bai ji sunansa ba, da ya yi haƙuri saboda “Abin da yawa, mutuwa ta shiga kasuwa”
Allah ya saka da alheri gaba ɗaya
Na gode! Na goɗe!! Na goɗe!!!
TSAKURE
“In ka ga raƙumi, ka ga buzu”
Tasirin alaƙar dake tsakanin mata da Karin Magana dangantaka ce ta ƙut-da-kut, kamar alif da lam. Mata da Karin Magana ɗan juma ne da ɗan jumai, kusan koyaushe ba su rabuwa. Hoton mata ya mamaye fiye da kashi saba’in cikin ɗari na Karin Maganar Hausa. Dalilin haka ne wannan bincike mai taken “Hoton Mata a Karin Magana” ya bi didigi kuma ya shiga taskar masana adabi daban-daban, sannan ya yi yunkuri, ya tsakuro wasu daga cikin hotunan da ke bayanin rayuwar mata da al’adunsu da ɗabi’unsu da sauran halayensu kyaukyawa da mummuna.
An raba binciken ne akan babi biyar. Binciken ya fara ne da babi na farko a matsayin shimfiɗar bincike, inda aka fuskanci tsarin aikin. Sannan aka dubi tasirin hoton rayuwar Mata a Karin Magana, a babi na biyu. Aka gurgusa kaɗan zuwa babi na uku aka bayyana ma’anar Karin Magana da tarkacenta. Daga nan aka ƙara gaba aka shiga cikin gangar jiki da zuciyar bincike, a nan ne aka baje kolin wasu hotunan mata, a babi na huɗu, kuma aka nazarci rayuwar mata, da ɗabi’unsu da al’adunsu da sauran halayensu tare da taƙaitaccen sharhin da dangantakarsu da Karin Magana. A ƙarshe binciken ya kammala ne a babi na biyar tare da bayyana muhimmancin Karin Magana, matsayin mata a cikin al’umma da sauran wasu muhimman abubuwa da suke da dangantaka da Karin Magana.
BABI NA ƊAYA
SHIMFIƊAR BINCIKE
(Tushiya Mafarin Dawa)
1.0 GABATARWA
Wannan babi yana ɗauke da hoton yanayin shata bincike da kuma tsarin tubalin gininsa. Masana sun karkasa halshen Hausa ta fuskar koyo da koyarwa, ko bincike da nazari zuwa manyan fanoni uku wato, halshe da adabi da al’ada.
Matashiyar wannan bincike mai suna “Hoton mata a Karin Magana” yana ƙarƙashin fannin adabi ne, kuma a ɓangaren adabin baka, sannan kuma a cikin rukunin hikima da fasahar sarrafa halshe, wanda ake kira “Azancin magana” ko “Zantukan Hikima”.
Adabi muhimmin abu ne ga rayuwar kowace al’umma a wajen bunƙasarta da ɗorewar cigabanta. Karin Magana wani reshe ne daga cikin rassan adabin baka kuma tana da tasiri ƙwarai a kan haɓakar adabi da al’adu jiya da yau.
Wannan bincike za a gudanar da shi ne game da hoton mata a Karin Magana, kuma za a yi ƙoƙarin zaƙulo Karin Maganar Hausawa daban-daban tare da tsakuro wani yanki na wasu hoton mata daga cikinsu, da kuma bayyana ma’anarsu gwargwadon hali. Domin fatan cimma nasarar wannan bincike, an karkasa shi zuwa babi - babi har guda biyar.
Babi na farko shi ne yake ƙunshe da shimfiɗar wannan bincike da gabatarwarsa, wanda zai tattaro bayanai a kan muhimmancin bincike da manufar bincike, akwai kuma hanyoyin gudanar da bincike, haka ma ya bayyana farfajiyar bincike da bitar ayyukan da suka gabata da hujjar cigaba da bincike, da kuma hasashen bincike.
A babi na biyu za a yi lugude dangane da ma’anar kalmomin da suka haɗu suka zama tubalin da aka gina taken wannan bincike, “Hoton mata a Karin Magana” za a tsakuro bayanai a kan ma’anar hoto, da tasirin hoto da ma’anar mata da matakan rayuwar mata, da bayani a kan rayuwar mata jiya da yau, ma’anar hoton mata a mahangar halshe da ma’anar hoton mata a mahangar adabi, a ƙarshe za a rattaba ra’ayoyin masana akan ma’anar Karin Magana kuma a naɗe wannan babi da tasirin Karin Magana, a rayuwar Hausawa.
A babi na uku za a bayyana asalin Karin Magana da matsayinta da misalanta da mutanen da suka fi ƙirƙiro ta da zamunnan da aka share ana ƙirƙiro ta da ire-iren ta da jigoginta da amfaninta da sauransu.
Babi na huɗu ya ƙunshi ƙashin bayan wannan bincike, wanda zai yi ƙoƙarin jero hoton mata a Karin Magana daban-daban, tare da bayanin su, gwargwadon hali da fahimta.
Babi na biyar shi ne, babin da za a kammala wannan bincike a cikinsa tare da bayyana sakamakon bincike da shawarwari da taƙaitawa da kammalawa. A ƙarshe za a naɗe tabarmar wannan bincike da tsara jadawalin wuraren da aka samo bayanai, tare da kuma rataye na jerin wasu Karin Magana masu ɗauke da hoton mata.
1.1 MUHIMMANCIN BINCIKE DA AMFANINSA
Masana adabin Hausa sun bayyana adabin baka da cewa hanya ce wadda Hausawa suke amfani da ita, wajen ayyana rayuwarsu da adana tarihi da al’adu da ƙarfafa zumunci da gargaɗi game da rayuwar yau da kullum da dai sauran abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwa.
Karin Magana tana sahun gaba a cikin rassan adabi waɗanda suka fi muhimmanci ga rayuwar al’umma, saboda azanci da hikomomi da koyarwar da ke cikinta.
Ƙashin bayan muhimmancin wannan bincike shi ne samar da bayanai masu amfani ga al’umma a kan halaye da ɗabi’u da al’adu masu nagarta tare da koyar da al’umma fasaha da naƙaltar halshe d.s.
1.2 MANUFAR BINCIKE
Manufar wannan bincike ita ce samar da wani kundin bincike wanda zai zaƙulo muhimman bayanan waɗannan abubuwa:
a. Tasirin Karin Magana da tarkacenta
b. Tattara bayanan da suke fayyace su wane ne mata? Kuma mene ne matsayinsu a cikin al’umma, da mahangar adabin Hausa?
c. Tantance alaƙa da dangantaka da ke tsakanin mata da Karin Magana a mahangar adabi.
d. Tsintsar rawar da mata suke takawa a farfajiyar bunƙasar Karin Magana, da kuma taskace adabin Hausa, a cikin rumbunsa.
e. A ƙarshe a fitar da hoton mata a Karin Magana da kuma saka shi a cikin kunɗin wannan bincike.
1.3 HANYOYIN GUDANAR DA BINCIKE
Kafin kammalar wannan bincike, za a yi amfani da hanyoyin da suka dace tare da dabaru daban-daban domin ganin kwalliya ta biya kuɗin sabulu, an yi nazari a ɗakunan karatu da cibiyoyin ilimi daban-daban.
Hanyoyi da dabarun da aka bi domin cimma nasarar wannan bincike su ne:
- Nazarin littatafan da aka wallafa a kan adabi
- Nazarin littattafan da aka wallafa a kan Karin Magana
- Nazarin muƙalu waɗanda Malamai da masana suka gabatar a jami’o’i da cibiyoyin ilimi daban-daban, masu dangantaka da wannan aiki.
- Tattaunawa ta musamman da malamai da sauran masana dangane da abin da ake bincike a kansa, domin neman ƙarin haske da shawarwari.
- Amfani da kafafen yaɗa labarai, waɗanda suke gudanar da shirye-shirye a kan adabi, domin ƙaruwa da wasu Karin Magana da bayanansu.
- Ta hanyar kacici-kacicin da kafafen yaɗa labarai suke gabatarwa.
Bugu da ƙari za a yi amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta yanar gizo domin ƙara zaƙulo Karin Maganar da aka taskace a cikin wannan rumbu.
1.4 FARFAJIYAR BINCIKE
Mata uwayen al’umma ne, waɗanda kowane gida ba zai kimtsu ba sai tare da su, saboda muhimmancinsu ga rayuwar al’umma. Wannan bincike zai taƙaita faɗin muhallinsa ne a harabar hoton mata a Karin Magana, wato fagen wannan bincike shi ne Karin Magana musamman waɗanda suka danganci mata da halayen rayuwarsu tare da bayyana matsayin Karin Magana da matsayin mata da muhimmancinsu ga al’umma.
A ƙarshe, binciken zai zaƙulo hoton mata a Karin Magana, wanda yake ɗauke da taswirar bayanan halayensu, ɗabi’unsu, da al’adunsu da sauran bayanan da suka danganci da’irar bincike.
1.5 BITAR AYUKKAN DA SUKA GABATA
Adabin Hausa ya daɗe ana rubuta shi, domin kuwa an share lokaci mai tsawo da fara taskace sassan adabi daban- daban ta hanyar rubutawa da wallafawa.
Masana da manazarta da marubuta masu ɗimbin yawa sun yi ayukka da dama dangane da Karin Magana, ta hanyar amfani da salon rubutu mabanbanta, kuma sun yi rubuce-rubuce a kan Mata da matsayinsu a mahangar adabi da ma yadda ake kallon su a rayuwar alumma. Dalilin haka ne, gabanin aza tubalin wannan aiki, aka yi ɗan ƙoƙarin bitar ayukkan magabata da kuma wasu ayukkan da suka gabaci wannan bincike, masu dangantaka da irin wannan aiki, gwargwadon hali, saboda a tantance wuraren da aka yi kama, da in da aka bambanta, domin ganin mahada da maraba, ba tare da an samu cin karo da juna ko maimaita aiki dai-dai da na wani ba. Bayan haka ne, wannan aikin ya sami mashiga da kuma hujjar ci gaba da bincike, tare da samun hasken aza harsashen tubalin binciken.
Ayukkan da aka duba a lokacin gudanar da bitar, sun ƙunshi, wallafaffun littafai, mujallu da Makalu, da kundayen digiri. Ga tartibin ayukkan da suka gabata, kuma wadanda hannuwana suka sami kai wa garesu, rukuni bayan rukuni.
1.5.1. WALLAFAFFUN LITTATAFAI.
An wallafa littafai da dama waɗanda suka yi magana akan Karin Magana, da ma fannin adabi, da kuma sauran rassansa. Daga ciki akwai:
Kirk, (1964): A cikin littafinsa “Hausa Ba Dabo Ba Ne”. ya kawo ma’anar Karin Magana, da kuma misalan Karin Magana, kuma ya tsaro ire-iren Karin Magana, sannan ya kawo misalan Karin Magana tare da bayaninsu da kuma fassararsu zuwa Ingilishi. Babu shakka wannan littafi mai amfani ne kwarai, wajen gudanar da wannan bincike.
Ilori, (1965): A cikin wannan littafi mai suna “Mujizu Tarikhi Nijeriya”. Wanda Adam- Abdullahi Ilorin ya wallafa, littafin ya ƙunshi tarihin Nijeriya, da ƙabilunta da adabinta, da al’adunta. Daga cikin adabin ya kawo bayani da misali akan adabin baka. Kamar tatsuniyoyi, kacici-kacici, Karin Magana da kuma misalan Karin Magana daga harsunan Hausa da Yarbanci. Duk da yake wannan littafin an rubuta shi ne da halshen Larabci, amma yana da amfani, saboda ya ƙunshi adabin Nijeriya ne da kuma misalan Karin Magana daga harsunan Hausa da na Yarbanci.
Bm, (1966)”Karin Magana “Iya Magana Ma da Ranarsa,” N.N.P.C Zaria. Wannan madaba’ar ta wallafa, kuma ta tsaro Karin Magana na Hausa har sama da dari uku (300). Wannan littafi zai taimaka kwarai wajen gina wannan aiki.
Bm,(1968)”Labaru Na Da Da Na Yanzu”, N.N.P.C Zaria. Wannan littafi ya kunshi ma’anar Karin Magana, da misalan Karin Magana da habaici. Kuma littafin an tsara shi ne a kan abinci da sutura da dabbobin ƙasar Hausa.
Umar, (1980) A cikin littafinsa mai suna “Adabin Baka” ya kawo bayani akan Karin Magana, da ma’anar Karin Magana, da rabe-raben Karin Magana, da kuma muhimmancin Karin Magana. Wannan aiki ya yi kwarai domin kuwa ya haskaka min hanyar zuwa gudanar da wannan bincike.
Skinner (1980) “An Anthology of Hausa Literature”, marubucin wannan littafin ya yi kokarin kawo Karin Magana tare da bayyana bambance-bambance tsakanin Karin Maganar Turanci da na Hausa. Bayan haka kuma ya kawo misalan Karin Magana. Wannan aiki zai yi amfani kwarai, a wajen gudanar da wannan binciken yanzu.
Yahaya, (1982). A cikin littafinsa “Labarun Gargajiya Juz’i na 1-2”.Marubucin ya yi bayanan sassan adabi, daga cikinsa akwai Karin Magana, kuma ya bayyana abubuwan da Karin Magana ke koyarwa, misali rabe-raben Karin Magana jigogin Karin Magana. Kuma ya bayar da misalai na Karin Magana daban-daban.wannan littafi shi ma wani madubi ne a gare ni a wajen gina wannan bincike.
Ɗangambo, (1984)A cikin wannan littafi mai suna “Rabe- Raben Adabin Hausa da Muhimmancinsa ga Rayuwar Hausawa” mawallafin ya kawo ma’anar adabi da tushensa,bayanin rabe-raben adabin Hausa dalla-dalla, ya bayyana muhimmancin adabi, ya kawo ma’anar Karin Magana, da kuma ire-iren Karin Magana da sauransu. Wannan littafi yana da matukar tasiri ga dukkan mai bincike a kan fannin adabi da ma Karin Magana, domin wannan littafin wata madogara ce babba.
Yunusa, (1989)”Hausa a Dunkule, N.N.P.C Zaria.Mawallafin wannan littafi ya bayyana ma’anar Karin Magana da ire-iren Karin Magana da misalan Karin Magana, sannan ya yi bayanai da sharhi a kan wani adadi na Karin Magana da ya kawo a cikin littafin. Kuma littafin an tsara shi ne ta hanyar amfani da ƙa’idar jerin a,b,c,d.
Wannan littafin ko kuma in ce aikin ya yi kama da nawa a wajen bayani, sai dai mun banbanta da shi wajen keɓanta ga hoton mata a Karin Magana. Amma duk da wannan littafin yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen gina wannan aiki, musamman da a ka ɗauko misali daga cikinsa.
Muhammad, (2003).A cikin littafinsa mai suna “Adabin Hausa” ya bayyana ma’anar adabi, rabe-raben adabi da muhimmancinsa da kuma asalinsa, sannan ya yi bayani dalla-dalla akan Karin Magana, inda ya bayyana ma’anar Karin Magana da rabe-raben ta da ire-irenta da matsayinta da kuma al’adun Hausawa da ake zakulo wa a cikinta.Wannan aiki ya yi tasiri sosai kuma yana da dangantaka da wannan bincike da za a gudanar, domin zai taimaka ƙwarai wajen gina wannan bincike na yanzu.
Junaidu da ‘yar’aduwa, (2007)”Halshe da Adabin Hausa a kammale”. A cikin wannan littafin an yi kokarin fito da ma’anar adabi da tarihinsa da rabe-raben adabi, kuma sun yi bayanin sassan adabi daban –daban. Sun ba Karin Magana muhimmanci kwarai domin sun bayar da ma’anarta, da kashe-kashenta, da nau’o’inta, tare da kawo amfanin Karin Magana da yadda ake amfani da ita. Wannan aiki ya yi kyau matuƙa, domin kuwa yana da dangantaka da wannan aiki, domin zai taimakamani wajen samo bayanai a kan Karin Magana.
Danyaya, (2007): A cikin littafinsa mai taken “Karin Maganar Hausawa”. Marubucin ya bayyana ma’anar Karin Magana da amfaninta, sannan ya kawo misalan Karin Magana masu dama a bisa tsarin a,b,c,d, na Hausar boko. Wannan aiki yana da dangantaka da nawa domin an yi shi ne a kan Karin Magana, kuma zai taimaka mani a wajen gina nawa bincike.
Gwammaja, (2010)”Karin Magana A kasar Hausa”A cikin jerin littafan masu kananan juz’i uku ya yi ƙoƙarin kawo ma’ana daban-daban ta Karin Magana da muhimmancin Karin Magana, da rabe-raben Karin Magana da sharhin wasu misalan day a kawo na Karin Magana.wannan aiki ya dace da abin da nike nema domin zai mani amfani a wajen kalato wasu abubuwa da suka danganci Karin Magana.
Koko, (2011) ”Hausa cikin Hausa”. Wannan marubuciya, Hadiza koko ta yi ƙoƙarin bayar da ma’anar Karin Magana, da rukunan Karin Magana da amfaninta,da muhimmancin Karin Magana, dalilan da ke sa a yi amfani da Karin Magana, jigogin Karin Magana, nazarin wasu Karin maganganu, misalan wasu Karin maganganu tare da sharhinsu, ƙarewa da ƙarau, ta kawo jerin misalan Karin Magana 2,340, a matsayin ratayen littafin ta. Ba ko shakka wannan littafi zai haskaka mani hanya, kuma ya taimaka mani a wajen gudanar da wannan bincike.
Malumfashi Da Nahuce, (2014)”kamusun Karin Maganar Hausa”.marubutan sun yi kokarin nazarce-nazarce akan Karin Magana da tarihin samuwar Karin Maganar Hausa da asalin Karin Magana da rabe-raben ta, da zamunnan da aka ta kirkiro Karin Magana, tare da sharhin wasu Karin Magana. Bugu da kari sun kawo jerin misalan Karin Magana har dubu takwas (8000) a matsayin ratayen littafin. Tirkashi! Wannan aiki ba karamar fitila bace, a gare ni da zan ɗauka in haskaka hanyar gudanar da wannan bincike, in kuma yi amfani da shi domin cimma nasarar wannan bincike nawa.
1.5.2 MAƘALU DA MUJALLU
Ta ɓangaren maƙalu da mujallu da aka gabatar wajen ƙara wa juna sani a jami’oi da cibiyoyin ilimi daban- daban akwai:
Dumfawa, (1999) A cikin Makalu da ya gabatar mai taken “Yadda ‘yan boko ke kallon mace”, ya bayyana matsayin mata a gargajiyance, da kuma lokacin maguzanci da kuma yadda Bahaushe ke kallonsu kafin zuwan musulunci, da kuma yadda aka samu canje-canje bayan zuwan musulunci. Ya kuma bayyana yadda halinsu ya kasance bayan zuwan Turawa a kasar Hausa da kuma yadda ‘yan boko ke kallon su. Wannan aiki yana da amfani gare ni, saboda an yi shi ne akan mace, kuma ni ma nawa binciken akan mata yake.
Mahuta, (2002).”Status of Women in Hausa proɓerbs” A cikin wannan mukalu an bayyana halaye irin na mata daban-daban daga ɓangare na madalla (yabo) da na assha (suka). Daga cikin waɗannan halaye an bada misalai kamar haka: almubazzaranci, cin amana, kishi, lalaci, da makirci. Wannan aiki shi ma yana da dangantaka da nawa, domin an gina shi ne akan matsayin mata da halayensu, ni kuma nawa aikin zai yi kokarin fitar da hoton rayuwar mata a Karin Magana, saboda haka ba za a rasa abin tsinta ba daga wannan aikin.
Asabe, (2002) “Women in Hausa Proɓerbs”. A cikin wannan maƙala, mai taken “Women in Hausa Proɓerbs” watau Mata a Karin Maganar Hausa wadda ta gabatar a sashen harsunan zamani na Turai, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato. Ta yi ƙoƙarin bada ma’anar Karin Magana a ra’ayin wasu masana, sannan ta bayyana matsayi ko tasirin Karin Magana. Bayan haka ta zaɓo wasu karin maganganu ta tsara su rukuni-rukuni kamar haka: na mata a dunkule, sai na Uwaye mata, da na matan aure, da na kishiyoyi, da na karuwai, sannan ta kawo na sofaffi mata, da na ɗiya mata, a ƙarshe ta rufe da karin maganganun da suka shafi jarumai mata ‘yan gwagwarmaya a al’amurran yau da kullum. Kuma ta yi sharhin duk karin maganganun da ta kawo.
Babu shakka wannan aiki ya yi kyau kwarai, kuma zai amfane ni a wajen gudanar da nawa bincike. Aikin ya yi kama da nawa domin an yi shi ne akan zabbabun wasu karin maganganu da suka shafi mata, sai dai nawa ya bambanta da shi, saboda nawa bincike ne a kan hoton mata a Karin Magana ba tare da zaben wasu ɓangarori ba.
Aminu, (2004)”Re-interpreting Hausa Proɓerb on Duniya”, wannan mukalar an gabatar da ita ne, a jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zaria Nijeria. Mukalar ta yi sharhi ne a kan Kalmar “Duniya” misali: “Duniya rawar ‘yammata”. Ya kuma bayyana halayen zamantakewa kyakkyawa da mummuna. Wannan aiki yana da dangantaka da nawa domin kuwa ya yi bayani a kan halayen zamantakewa da kuma Karin Magana waɗanda aiki na ke nema ruwa a jallo.
Asabe, (2005) “The Co-Wife In Hausa Proɓerbs,” Watau (Kishiya a Karin Maganar Hausawa); Ɗunɗaye Journal of Hausa studies, Ɓol. 1 no2 Dept. of Nigerian Languages. Usman Danfodiyo Uniɓersity, Sokoto. A cikin wannan kasidar, mai taken “kishiya a cikin Karin Maganar Hausa, ta bada ma’anar Karin Magana a bisa ra’ayoyin wasu magabata, sannan ta tsaro karin maganganu daban-daban da suke nuna kishin mata, tare da sharhin karin maganganun da ta kawo.
Wannan aikin shi ma yana da amfani gare ni kwarai wajen gudanar da wannan bincike.
Bugaje, (2009), A cikin mukalar da ta rubuta “Journal of African languages” Ahmadu Bello uniɓersity Zaria, Nijeriya wato, HALSHE 3. Ta bayyana a cikin mukalarta mai taken “kishi kumallon mata: nazari daga wakar ‘Dare Allah magani” da ta “Halima ‘yarbuzaye”, ma’anar kishi da ire-irensa. Ta kuma warware zare har abawa na yadda mawakan guda biyu suka yi bayanin kishi, da yadda yake da kuma yadda ake yin sa. Wannan aiki abin bukata ne gare ni kwarai domin ya yi bayani ne akan babban jigon hoton mata a Karin Magana, wato, kishi. Don haka “Abin nema ya samu, matar farke ta haifi jaki”
Rabi, (2009) A cikin ta ta makalar a “Journal of African Languages” Ahmadu Bello Uniɓersity, Zaria, Nijeriya. HALSHE 3 mai taken “Mace a Rubutaccen wasan kwaikwayo misali daga Uwar Gulma da Kulba na Ɓarna”. Ta yi kokarin bayyana matsayin mata tare da kawo misalai daga wasan kwaikwayo na uwar gulma da Kulba na Ɓarna. Ta kuma bayyana hoton rayuwar mata da yadda ake sa masu ido da yadda ake cin zarafinsu, da mutuncinsu,ba kamar maza ba. Ta kuma kawo nirin bambancin da ake nuna masu tsakaninsu da maza. Wannan aiki shima ya yi kyau domin kuwa yana da dangantaka da wannan bincike na hoton mata a Karin Magana, saboda aikin ya bayyana halayen mata ne.
Hassan, (2009) A cikin maƙalar da ya rubuta” Journal of African languages” Ahmadu Bello uniɓersity Zaria, Nijeriya. HALSHE 3. Mai taken” Nazarin Karin maganganun da suke nuna rarrashi”. A cikin muƙalar ya bayyana ma’anar Karin Magana a mahanga masana daban-daban. Ya kuma kawo kashe-kashen Karin Magana da amfanin ta. Ya kuma bayyana yadda shuwagabanni suke amfani da ita, domin cimma gurinsu na siyasa. Misali:”In Dambu ya yi yawa ba ya jin mai” “Abin ne da yawa, wai mutuwa da ta je kasuwa.” Wannan aiki shi ma yana da dangantaka kuma zai yi amfani, domin kuwa ya shafi Karin Magana ne.
Ƙaraye, (2011) A cikin maƙalar da ya gabatar mai taken “Representation of Gender in Hausa Folktales”. Watau, “matsayin mata a cikin tatsuniyoyin Hausa” ya bayyana matsayin mata a matakin rayuwarsu daban-daban inda ya yi kokarin bayyana lokacin rauninsu, da kuma lokacin kaifin hankalinsu ta hanyar sakonnin tatsuniyoyin Hausa. Wannan aiki shi ma muhimmi ne domin ya danganci halayen mata, wanda wannan aiki nawa ya ke bukatar ya zakulo halayen mata da dabi’unsu a Karin Magana, don haka aikin yana da amfani ga wannan bincike.
Auta, (2016) Ya gabatar da mukala a cikin mujallar “TAGUWA” ta jami’ar Umaru Musa ‘Yaraduwa Katsina, mai taken “Rayuwar Matan Hausawa Kafin Zuwan Musulunci da Kuma Bayan Zuwan Addinin Musulunci” ya bayyana yadda matan Hausawa ke rayuwa a lokacin maguzanci, da irin wahallalun da suke sha, da yadda al’umma ke kallonsu, da kuma rawar da matan ke takawa a fagen adabi da koyar da ilimi da tarbiya kafin zuwan musulunci kuma ya bayyana canje-canje da cigaba da mata suka samu, misali ilimin addini, mutuntawa,’yanci da kuma haƙƙi, tare da samun sauƙin rayuwa bayan zuwan addinin musulunci, da kuma yadda rayuwar Hausawa ta canja gaba ɗaya daga rayuwar maguzanci. Wannan aiki ya yi kyau ƙwarai kuma akwai dangantaka tsakanin shi da nawa, domin ya yi Magana a kan rayuwar mata ne jiya da yau, saboda haka za a amfana da shi sosai.
1.5.3 KUNDAYEN BINCIKE
A ɓangaren kundayen bincike na digiri da kuma na shaidar malanta ta ƙasa, akwai ayyukan da aka yi a kan Karin Magana da rayuwar mata da kuma halayensu, daga cikin waɗanda aka yi bitar su akwai:
A. Kundayen Digiri na uku (3).
Bada,(1995)A cikin kundin digirinsa na uku da ya gabatar a jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato, mai taken “A literary study of themes functions and poetic of Karin Magana”. Ya yi bincike mai zurfi a kan Karin Magana da abin da ta ƙunsa, kuma ya yi bayanai masu yawa a kan kunshiyar darussan Karin Magana, sannan ya bayyana yadda ake amfani da su, a cikin halshen Hausa. Wannan aiki yana da dangantaka da nawa domin ya yi Magana ne a kan Karin Magana da jigogi a zube da kuma a cikin waƙa, sai dai ya banbanta da nawa domin ni nawa bincike ya taƙaita ne a kan hoton mata a Karin Magana, kuma ba za a rasa abin tsinta a ciki ba.
Asabe, (2003) A kundin digirinta na uku wanda ta gabatar ga jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato, mai taken “women in Hausa folklore” ma’ana “Mace a cikin adabin gargajiya” ta bayyana matsayin mace a farfajiyar adabin gargajiya, kuma ta bayyana matsayin mata a Karin Magana, da tatsuniya da labarun gargajiya, ta kuma bayyana halaye da dabi’un mata iri-iri da kuma waƙoƙin da suka shafi rayuwar matan Hausawa. Shi ma wannan aiki ya yi kyau domin zai taimaka wajen gina nawa binciken. Duk da yake ya yi kama da nawa, amma sun banbanta, domin nawa zai bi diddigin hoton mata a Karin Magana ne.
Balbasatu, (2010) A kundin digirinta na uku da ta gabatar ga jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Sakkwato, mai taken “Gudummuwar Mata a Rubutaccen Adabi” ta yi kokarin bayyana rawar da mata suke takawa a fagen rubutaccen adabi, a ɓangaren waƙoƙi da ƙagaggun labarai da wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ta bayyana dalilansu na rubuce-rubuce da yadda maza ke kallonsu a cikin nasu rubutun, da ma wasu misalai na littafan da mata suka wallafa a fannonin adabi daban-daban. Wannan aiki yana da dangantaka da nawa domin yana magana ne akan adabi da mata, sai dai nawa ya bambanta da shi, saboda ya danganta ne ga hoton mata a Karin Magana.
B. Kundayen Digiri na Biyu.
Garba,(1982) A kundin dingirinsa na biyu da ya gabatar ga jami’ar Bayaro, Kano. Mai taken “A linguistic Analysis of Hausa Karin Magana”. Ya yi kokarin bayyana matsayin Karin Magana a Halshen Hausa, tare da kawo ma’anarta da rabe-rabenta da kuma misalai. A wannan ba zaa rasa abin tsinta ba, domin akwai dangantaka tsakanin wannan aiki da nawa.
Salamatu, (1995) A cikin kundin digirinta na biyu, da ta gabatar ga jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato. Mai taken “Status of Women in Hausa Literature: A facus on Hausa Play”. wato,”Matsayin mata a Adabin Hausa:Nazari akan wasan kwaikwayon Hausa.Ta bayyana matsayin mace a fagen adabi da kuma bangaren rubutaccen wasan kwaikwayo a cikin adabin Zamani. Ta kuma baje hoton mata da matsayinsu a wasan kwaikwayo. Ta kuma caccaki yadda ake baje kolin illolinsu da kuma nuna musu bambanci ta bangaren wasu marubuta maza. Wannan aiki ya yi kama da nawa, domin yana bayani ne akan mata da dabi’unsu da matsayinsu a wasan kwaikwayo, sai dai nawa binciken ya sha bamban, domin shi a kan hoton mata a Karin Magana ne. Amma ba za a rasa abin tsinta ba.
Binta, (1998) A kundin digiri na biyu da ta gabatar ga jami’ar Bayaro, Kano. Mai taken “Adabin Baka, Sigoginsa da Hikimominsa”ta yi kokarin bayyana zamantakewar al’ummar Hausawa da adabinsu da al’adunsu. Ta kuma bayyana nau’oin adabin baka na zube da sigarsu. Misali, tatsuniya, almara, zambo, habaici, kacici-kacici, Karin Magana da sauransu. Ba shakka wannan aikin ba kashin yarda wa ne ba, kuma na tabbata zai yi amfani kwarai ga wannan bincike.
Rabi (1998) A kundin digirinta da ta gabatar ga jami’ar Ahmadu Bello,Zaria mai taken “Nazarin jinsi a Adabin Zamani”. Ta bayyana matsayin mace a rubutaccen wasan kwaikwayo da yadda ake kallonta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, ta kuma kafa hujjarta da wasu littafan wasan kwaikwayo na Hausa. Shi ma wannan aikin yana da dangantaka da nawa domin yana magana ne akan mata. Saboda haka ba za a rasa abin ɗauka a ciki ba.
Mode,(1998) A cikin kundin digiri na biyu daya gabatar ga jami’ar usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato. Mai taken “the use of Proɓerb in Modern Hausa Literature” ya bayyana ma’anar Karin Magana da sakonninta da hikimominta da yadda take a matsayin madubin nuna gwaninta, da nakaltar halshe. Wannan aiki ya yi kyau sosai, kuma yana da dangantaka da nawa, domin shi an gina shi ne a kan amfanin Karin Magana a cikin adabin Hausa na Zamani, don haka ba za a rasa abin Nazari ba.
Bilal, (2005)A cikin kundin digirinsa na biyu da ya gabatar ga jami’ar Bayaro, kano. Mai taken “Kwatanta Karin Maganar Larabcin Libiya da na Hausa”. Ya yi kokarin kawo kmance-kamance da bambance-bambance tsakanin Karin Maganar Hausawa da na Larabawan Libiya. Ya kuma kawo kashe-kashen Karin Magana a harsunan biyu da hikimominsu. Shi ma wannan aikin abin nema ne ga nawa bincike, domin akwai Zumuntar Karin Magana tsakaninsu.
Ikara, (2008) A kundin digirinsa na biyu, wanda ya gabatar da jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria. Mai taken “Karin Magana a Bakin Mata”. Ya yi kokarin bayyana ma’anar Karin Magana da muhimmancin Karin Magana, da yadda mata suke amfani da Karin Magana.wannan bincike yana da amfani gare ni ƙwarai, domin kuwa yana magane a kan Karin Magana a bakin mata,ni kuma nawa zai tattauna ne akan hoton mata a Karin Magana.
Nahuce, (2008) A kundin digirinsa na biyu da ya gabatar ga jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato. Mai taken “Karin Maganar Hausawa a Rubuce” yayi kokarin bayyana tarihin samuwar Karin Magana, rabe-raben Karin Magana, hikimomin Karin Magana, wuraren amfani da Karin Magana, da sauran abubuwa da dama, da suka danganci Karin Magana. Bugu dakari yakawo rataye mai dauke da Karin Magana dari shida (600). Tir kashi! Ba shakka wannan aikin abin dubawa ne gare ni, sosai a wajen gina nawa binciken.
Rabi, (2011) A kundin digirinta na biyu wanda ta gabatar ga jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zaria. Mai taken “Dabi’un Mata a Waƙoƙin Makaɗa”. Wato: Makaɗan Jama’a. Ta yi ƙoƙarin bayyana wace ce mace? Tare da kawo bayani a kan masu kyakkyawan dabi’u da masu mummuna. Ta kuma yi sharhin wasu kyawawan dabi’u kamar ladabi da biyayya da hakurin zaman aure. A cikin munanan dabi’un kuwa ta yi sharhin, misali:- kishi da sakarci da yaudara da mu’amala da bokaye da sauransu. A ƙarshe kuma ta kafa hujja da ba da misalai daga waƙoƙin makaɗa. Duk da yake ta yi binciken ta ne a kan waƙoƙin makaɗa, wannan bai hana dangantakar da ta haɗa nawa binciken da nata ba a wajen halaye da dabi’un mata, saboda haka zan “Tsinci guru a cikin suɗi”.
Shehu, (2012) A kundin digiri na biyu da ya gabatar ga jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato. Mai taken “Gurbin Sana’a a ma’aunin Karin Magana”. Ya bayyana ma’anar sana’a, tarihin sana’a, nau’o’in sana’o’in Gargajiya. Ya kuma kawo ma’anar Karin Magana da muhimmancinta da amfaninta. Ya kuma rattabo Karin Magana da suka shafi sana’oin garagajiya. Shi ma wannan aiki akwai abin da za a kalato a cikinsa da dama.
Ladan, (2012) A kundin digiri na biyu da ya gabatar ga jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato. Mai taken “Dabbobi da Ƙwari a Karin Maganar Hausa”. Ya yi sharhi a kan Karin Magana da ma’anar dabbobi da ma’anar ƙwari waɗanda ake gina Karin Magana a kansu. Ya kawo ire-iren Karin Magana da ire-iren dabbobi da siffarsu, kuma ya yi bayani a kan Karin Maganar da ta shafi dabbobin gida da misalai. Ya kuma yi bayani a kan Karin Magana da ta shafi dabbobin daji da ƙwari. Wannan aiki yana da dangantaka da nawa, domin an gina shi ne a kan Karin Magana, kuma ya yi kama da nawa domin yana bayani ne akan dabbobi da ƙwari a Karin mganar Hausa, ni kuma nawa binciken zai yi bayani ne a kan Hoton Mata a Karin Magana.
Asma’u, (2013) A cikin kundin digirinta na biyu da ta gabatar ga Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato. Mai taken “Karin Magana a cikin Littattafan Adabin Kasuwar Kano na Mata”. Ta yi kokarin bayyana Karin Maganar da ke cikin littattafan adabin kasuwar kano na mata inda ta zaƙalo ire-iren Karin Magana da jigon Karin mgana da muhimmancin Karin Magana. A ƙarshe ta kawo rataye mai ɗauke da Karin Maganar da aka fitar a cikin littattafan adabin Kasuwar Kano na Mata har guda ɗari da saba’in da uku (173). Ta kuma kammala da kawo jerin Karin Magana a taken littattafai guda sittin da biyu (62). Wannan aiki shi ma yana da dangantaka da nawa domin za a samu abun da za a kalato, kuma ayi amfani dashi a wajen gina wannan bincike.
Koko, (2014) A kundin digiri na biyu da ta gabatar ga Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo Sakkwato, mai taken “Mace a idon Mawaƙan Baka”. Ta yi ƙoƙarin bayyana matsayin mace al’ummar Hausawa. Tun kafin zuwan Musulunci, da bayan zuwan Musulunci, har zuwa bayan zuwan Turawa, da jinsi a adabin Hausa. Ta kuma yi bayanin yadda Mawaƙan baka ke kallon mace, da ire-iren matan da ake yi wa waƙa, da gurbin mace a waƙoƙin makaɗa misali: masu daraja, iyayen gida masu haƙuri ƙwazo, yaudara da rauni da shu’umci da sauransu. Shi ma wannan aiki babu shakka yana da dangantaka mai amfani ga wannan bincike, domin kuwa bincike ne da ya ta’allaka ga dabi’un mata. A mahangar mawaƙan baka, sai dai inda muka bambanta, nawa binciken ya danganci hoton mata a Karin Magana ne. Hausawa na cewa: “Kama da wane, ba wane ba ne”.
C. Kundayen Digiri Na Farko.
Koko, (1989) A kundin digiri na ɗaya da ta gabatar ga Jamiar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sakkwato. Mai taken “Karin Magana a Hannun mata a garin Sakkwato” Ta yi ƙoƙarin bayyana ma’anar Karin Magana da rabe- raben Karin Magana da misalanta. Ta kuma bayyana dangantaka tsakanin Karin Magana da Halshen Hausa tare da matsayinta.Wannan aiki yana da kyau sosai da kuma amfani a wajen gina nawa bincike domin kuwa ya ta’allaƙa ne da ƙwazon mata.
Danji, (1997) A kundin digirinta na ɗaya da ta gabatar ga jami’ar Maiduguri. Mai taken “Siffofin kishiya a Waƙoƙin Hausa daga Bakin wasu Mawaƙan Baka” Ta kawo siffofin zama da kishiya tare da ba da misalai daga waƙoƙin Shata, Uwaliya Mai Amada, Danmaraya Jos, Barmani Coge, da sauransu. Ta kuma yi amfani da wasu layukkan waƙa domin ƙarfafa hujjarta a kan halayen mata daga mawaƙa. Wannan aiki zai taimaka mani ƙwarai wajen gina nawa bincike domin “kishi” shi ne babban hoto daga hotunan mata a Karin Magana.
Abdullahi, (1999) A kundin digirinsa na ɗaya da ya gabatar ga jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato. Mai taken “Mata a Adabin Baka”. Ya yi sharhi a kan waƙar zawara ta sani Ɗanbaldo ta hanyar bayyana halayen zawara a ra’ayin mawaƙan, a wani rukuni ɗaya daga cikin rukunanan mata. Duk da yake wannan bincike ya taƙaita ne a kan ra’ayin mawaƙi guda, yana da muhimmanci ga nawa bincike, domin yana ɗauke da daya daga cikin hoton mata a Karin Magana wato, zawarci da zawara,da kuma halayen zawarawa.
Geza, (2004) A cikin kundin digiri na ɗaya da ya gabatar ga jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo Sakkwato. Mai taken “Matsayin Karin Magana a cikin Rubutaccen Adabin Hausa: Nazarin littafin”Magana Jari ce”. Ya yi bayani cikakke a kan Karin mgana da ma’anarta da kashe-kashenta da amfaninta da kuma misalan jerin Karin Maganar da ake samu a cikin littafin “Magana Jari ce “. Shi ma wannan bincike akwai abun da za a amfana da shi, wajen gina nawa binciken.
Sakina, (2005) A kundin digirinta na ɗaya da ta gabatar ga jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo Sakkwato, mai taken “Yadda Marubuta Waƙoƙi Ke Kallon Mace A Cikin Waƙoƙinsu.” Ta yi kokarin bayyana rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa da wasu al’ummomi.kuma ta kawo misalan halayen mata daga rubutattun Waƙoƙi. Shi ma wannan aiki yana da dangantaka da abin da nawa binciken ke bukata.
Tsahara, (2006) A cikin kundin digiri na farko da ta gabatar ga jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo Sakkwato mai taken “Karin Magana Cikin Waƙoƙin Sarauta: Waƙoƙin Sani Aliyu Ɗandawo”. Ta ba da himma wajen kawo misalan Karin Magana a cikin waƙoƙin da yanayinsu da kuma tsarinsu. Shi ma wannan bincike ba za a rasa abun tsinta ba a ciki.
Sulaiman,(2007). A cikin kundin digiri na farko da ya gabatar ga jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria. Mai taken “Hoton Mata A Waƙoƙin Shata” A cikin kundin binciken ya bayyana yadda Alh. Mamman Shata ya kawo halaye da ɗabi’un mata daban-daban a cikin waƙoƙinsa, da yadda halayen suke tasiri ga rayuwarsu, da sauran abubuwa da suka danganci haka. Ba shakka wannan bincike akwai kama, akwai kuma amfani ga nawa binciken. Hausawa na cewa :”Biri ya yi kama da mutum”. To amma dai biri, biri ne kuma mutum, mutum ne, ba za su taɓa zama daya ba. Saboda haka nawa bincike ya bambanta da na shi, domin shi nasa bincike ne a kan hoton mata a wakokin shata, ni kuma nawa binciken akan hoton mata a Karin Magana ne. wato,”Hanyar Jirgi Daban Ta Mota Daban”.
Auwal,(2008) A cikn kundin digiri na daya da ya gabatar ga jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo,Sakkwato mai taken.”Kasuwa a ma’aunin Karin Magana” ya kawo ma’anar Karin Magana, rabe-raben Karin Magana, Karin Magana a jiya da yau, muhimmancin Karin Magana. Kuma ya bayyana matsayin kasuwa a Karin Magana da ‘yan kasuwa da ciniki,saye da sayarwa, kudi da masu kudi da kuma yana yin riba da faduwa a harkokin kasuwanci. Shi ma wannan aiki yana da muhimmanci a wajen gina nawa binciken.
Muhammad, (2010) A kundin digiri na farko da ya gabatar ga Jami’ar Ahmdu Bello, Zaria. Mai taken “Nazarin Wakokin Karuwanci a Yau”. Ya yi bayanin karuwanci a kasar Hausa, da kuma waƙoƙin da ake yi wa karuwai. Ya kuma gina aikinsa tare da amfani da Dangoma da Shehu Ajilo. Wannan aiki shi ma ba za a rasa abin cirowa ba a cikinsa, domin ya kunshi wani rukuni ne daga cikin hoton mata a Karin Magana, wato, dabi’un karuwai.
Rabi, (2011) A cikin kundin digiri na farko da ta gabatar ga jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato. Mai taken “kishi a Karin Maganar Hausawa”. Ta yi kokarin bayyana asalin Karin Magana da ire-irenta. Ta kuma kawo misalan Karin Magana masu nuna kishi misali: “kukan rashin dalili”, “Mutuwar Uwar kishiya” da sauransu. Wannan aiki ya yi kyau sosai domin bincike a kan hoton mata a Karin Magana ba zai kamala ba, idan ba a muna hoton kishi ba. Saboda haka “Na tsinci dame a kala”.
Amina, (2012) A kundin digiri na ɗaya da ta gabatar ga jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria. Maitaken “Kwatancin Karin Magana da Bakar Magana.” Ta kawo ma’anar Karin Magana da bakar Magana ta kuma bayyana muhimmancin Karin Magana da Bakar Magana. Bugu da kari ta nuna kamace-kamace da bambance-bambance tsakanin Karin Magana da Bakar Magana. Ba shakka shi ma wannan aiki ba abin yar wa ba ne, domin zai haskaka min hanyar gina nawa bincike.
D. Kundayen Bincike Ta Shedar Malanta Ta kasa.
Bako, (1980) A kundin takardar shedar malanta ta kasa da ya gabatar ga Kwalejin Ilimi ta Gumel. Mai taken “Sharhi A Kan Karin Magana” ya yi sharhi mai gamsarwa a kan Karin Maganar Hausawa tare da misalanta. Shi ma wannan aiki ya taimaka mini wajen samun wasu bayanai masu muhimmanci a lokacin gudanar da nawa bincike.
Audu, (1982) A kundin takardar shedar malanta ta kasa wadda ya gabatar ga Kwalejin Ilimi ta Gumel mai taken “Karin Magana, Habaici da Zambo a Halshen Hausa.” Ya yi kokarin kawo bayanai masu muhimmanci akan Karin Magana da yanayinta da bayanin habaici da kuma yadda zambo yake da misalansu. Shi ma wannan bincike zai yi amfani a gare ni a wajen gina nawa bincike.
Idan aka dubi bayanan da suka gabata, za a ga cewa masana da manazarta sunyi rubuce-rubuce da dama akan fannin adabi da rassan adabi daban-daban, cikin ko har da Karin Magana. Sai dai babu wani aiki karara wanda aka yi game da “Hoton Mata a Karin Magana”, saboda haka wannan bincike za a iya cewa ya samu kafa da mashiga na ci gaba da gudanar dashi.
1.6 HUJJAR CIGABA DA BINCIKE
Bincike a kan “Hoton Mata a Karin Magana” yana da hujjar da za a cigaba da gudanar da shi. Hakan ya tabbata ne bayan aiwatar da bitar ayyukan magabata da aka yi, da sauran ayyukan da suka gabaci wannan bincike. Ba shakka masana da dama sun yi rubuce-rubuce a kan Karin Magana da sauran abubuwan da suka danganta da ita. Ɗalibai ma sun rubuta kundaye daban-daban. Amma duk da haka wannan bincike yana da mashiga da hujjar da za a cigaba da shi domin ba a ba shi muhimmanci ba a baya sosai.
1.7 HASASHEN BINCIKE
Bayan kammalar wannan bincike, ana hasashen binciken zai fito da rayuwar mata ta hanyar kwatanta ta ƙarara a mahangar adabi da al’ada kuma ana hasashen aikin ya zama wata manazarta ga masu bincike game da Karin Magana da ɗabi’un rayuwar mata. Bugu da ƙari ana hasashen wannan aiki ya zama wani madubi na hangen abin da ya kamata a yi koyi da shi, da wanda bai kamata a yi koyi da shi ba daga cikin halaye da al’adu da ɗabi’un mata, kamar yadda ake hasashen za a fitar da hoton mata kuma ya isar da saƙon da ake buƙata.
1.8 NAƊEWA
Wannan babi na ɗaya shi ne shimfiɗar bincike, an bayyana abubuwa kamar haka: gabatarwa, wadda a cikinta ne aka bayyana babi -babi wannan binciken ya ƙunsa da kuma abubuwan da babi- babi suka yi magana, daga babi na ɗaya har zuwa babi na biyar. Haka kuma bayan gabatarwa, babin ya bayyana abubuwa kamar haka. Muhimmancin bincike da manufar bincike da hanyoyin gudanar da bincike da farfajiyar bincike da bitar ayyukan da suka gabata da hujjar cigaba da bincike da kuma hasashen bincike.
BABI NA BIYU
LUGUDE DANGANE DA MA’ANAR KALMOMIN TUBALAN GINA TAKEN BINCIKE
(Da Nagaba Ake Gane Zurfin Ruwa)
2.0 SHIMFIƊA
A karkashin wannan babi, za a waiwaya a taskar masana domin a samo bayanan kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin tubali na gina taken bincike, wato mata da Karin Magana, da kuma sauran abubuwan da suka danganci aikin.
2.1 MA’ANAR HOTO.
Hoto kalma ce, wadda a takaice take ɗaukar ma’ana iri biyu wato ma’ana ta luggar halshe da kuma ma’ana a mahangar adabi.
Mene ne Hoto A luggar Halshe?
Hoto a luggar halshe shi ne sura da siffar wani abu da aka zana ko aka ɗauka ta hanyar amfani da na’ura.
Kamusoshi dabab-daban sun bayyana ma’anar hoto kamar haka:
i. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Third edition (2001).
Ya bayyana ma’anar hoto kamar haka:
Photograph: a picture obtained by using a camera and film that is sensitiɓe to light. To make a picture of someone or something by using a camera and film sensitiɓe to light.
Ma’ana: Hoto wata sura ce da aka dauka, ta hanyar amfani da na’urar daukar hoto, wadda take amfani da haske. Yin surar wani ko wani abu, ta hanyar amfani da na’urar daukar hoto, wadda take amfani da haske.
ii. Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, updated edition (1991).
Shi ma ya bayyana ma’anar hoto kamar haka:
Photograph: a permanent record of an image that has been produced on photosensitiɓe film or paper by the process of photography.
Ma’ana: Hoto siffar abu ce wadda ake adanawa ta dindindin, da ake samarwa daga na’urar daukar sura ta majigi ko takarda ta hanyar sarrafa siffa.
iii . Sabon ƙamus na Hausa zuwa Turanci, (Paul Newman and Roɗana ma newman) sun ba da ma’anar hoto kamar haka:-
Hoto: Photograph, illustration, picture in book.
Ma’ana:- Surar abu, kamantawa da zane a cikin littafi.
iɓ- Ƙamus Na Turanci da Hausa.(Na Neil Skinner). Ya fassara hoto kamar haka:-
Photo, Photograph:- hoto (wanda aka hada da kyamara).
Idan muka dubi bayanan waɗannan ƙamusosa da suka gabata za mu fahimci cewa Kalmar “Hoto” tana nufin kwatantawa, da misaltawa, da kuma zana siffar yadda haƙiƙanin abu yake. A taƙaice wannan shi ne ma’anar hoto a mahangar Halshe.
Mene ne hoto a mahangar Adabi?
Hoto a mahangar adabi shi ne, suranta wani abu, ta hanyar misalta shi, da kamanta shi, da kwatanta shi, tare da gwama shi da siffar da ke bayyana haƙiƙanin yadda yake.
Masana adabi irin su Abdulkadir Dangambo. Ya yi amfani da Kalmar hoto wajen bayyana adabi kamar haka:- “A taƙaice, muna iya cewa Adabi shi ne, madubi ko hoton rayuwa na al’umma. “Shehin Malamin ya ƙara amfani da kalmar “Hoto” a sakin layi na ƙasa ga wanda ya gabata, kamar haka:- “Aikace-aikacen fasaha, musamman adabi, suna nuna hoton abubuwan da ke a lokacinsu.” (Dangambo,1984:1).
Masana adabi Yakubu Musa Muhammmad, shi kuwa ya yi amfani da Kalmar “Hoto” a wajen siffanta dangantaka da ke tsakannin Karin Magana da rayuwar Bahaushe, kamar haka:- “Idan mutum ya kalli Karin Magana, ta wata fuska daban, sai ya gan shi ɗauke da hoton jaruntaka da tsarin kai, kamar yadda suke a ainahin rayuwar Bahaushe ta haƙiƙa”. (Muhammad,2003:36).
To, idan muka yi la’akari da bayanan waɗannan masana za mu fahimci cewa, a taiƙaice Kalmar “Hoto” a mahangar adabi, na nufin sigar abu, da siffanta, da dabi’arsa, da haƙiƙanin halayyar rayuwarsa, da kuma duk wani abu da ke waƙiltar yadda yake, ko da ba a ganshi a sarari ba.
2.2 TASIRIN HOTO.
Hoto na da tasiri ƙwarai da gaske, domin shi abu ne wanda yake ɗauke da sifa, da kama, da misali, da bayanin da ake gane mai shi. Bugu da kari, kuma shi “Hoto”, wani waƙili ne wanda ke waƙiltar mai shi a koyaushe. Saboda haka a mahangar adabi, da zarar aka ce hoton abu, ana nufin salon da ke nunawa ƙarara yadda abin yake.
2.3 MA’ANAR MATA.
Mata kalma ce, wadda a ƙakaice tana nufin jinsin da ba maza ba, wato, kishiyar maza.
Su waye ne Mata?
Mata halitta ce waɗanda jinsinsu da yanayinsu da ma wasu ɗabi’unsu ko halayensu suka sha bamban da na maza. Ƙamusoshi daban-daban sun bayyana ma’anar mata kamar haka:-
Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, Updated edition (1999). Ta ba da ma’anar mace de cewa:
“Female: belonging or relatimg to the seɗ that giɓes birth to young, produces eggs, etc.
Ma’ana:
Mace: ta danganta ne ko ana alakanta ta ne ga jinsin da ke haihuwa da waɗanda suke yin ƙwai; da sauransu. Ita kowa Kalmar “Woman” ya ba da ma’anarta kamar haka:
“Woman; an adult human female. Oposite of man. Woman generally; the female seɗ.
Ma’anar:
Mace: Balaga daga jinsin mata, takwarar namiji. Jinsin mata gaba daya (manya da yara).
- Longman Dictionary of contemporary English third edition (2001). Shima ya ba da ma’anar mace kamar haka:-
“Female: a person or animal that belongs to the seɗ that can haɓe babies or produce eggs.
Ma’anar:
Mace: Jinsi ne na mutum ko dabba da yake cikin halittan da ke haihuwa ko suke nasa ƙwai.
Kalmar “woman” a wurinsa cewa yayi:-
“woman: an adult female person.
Ma’anar:-
Mace: Jinsin mutum na babbar mace ne.
- Ƙamus na Turanci da Hausa. Ya ba da ma’anar mace kamar haka:-
A wurinsa Kalmar “woman da women “ya ba da ma’anarsu kamar haka:
“Female: ta mata, ta mace.
A wurinsa Kalmar “woman da women” ya ba da ma’anarsu Kamar haka:
“woman: mace jam’insa women.
Women: Mata.
- Modern Hausa – English Dictionary
Mace: (Pl. Mata) woman female.
Ma’ana:
Mace suna ne (jam’inta Mata) watau, manyan mata, na mutane da jinsin mata gaba daya.
Bisa ga bayanan da suka gabata, daga ciki waɗannan ƙamososhi, mun fahimci cewa, idan aka ce mata a matsayin jinsi to ana nufin manyansu da ƙananansu, a matakai daban-daban na rayuwarsu, duk sun shiga ciki saboda haka ne Karin Maganar Hausawa ba ta da bare a cikinsu, domin ta dauki hoton kowa kuma ta taskace shi.
Ga dai matakan rayuwar rukunin shekarun mata nan, kamar yadda masana suka karkasa shi, kuma Karin Magana na da hoton kowa daga cikisu, kamar haka:-
2.4 MATAKAN RAYUWAR MATA DAGA HAIFUWA ZUWA TSUFA
Masana al’adar Hausa da tarbiyyarta sun karkasa matakan rayuwar mata, tsakanin haihuwa da mutuwa zuwa manyan rukunai hudu kamar haka:
Yaranta, Tasawa, Manyanta, Datijjantaka.
a. Rukuni na daya: Yaranta
wannan rukuni yana farawa ne tun daga haihuwa har zuwa wajan shekara goma sha biyu kuma an raba wanan rukuni zuwa azuzuwa biyar kamar haka: Jaririya, Yarinya, Kwaila, Bera, Budurwa.
i. Aji na farko: (jaririya) daga haihuwa zuwa yaye (shakara biyu) misali hoton jaririya “Abin wani abu ne, mayya da ta ci ɗan Jariri”.
ii. Aji na biyu (yarinya) daga shakara biyu (yaye) zuwa shekara shidda ko bakwai misali hoto a nan shi ne.
“Yarinya, farkonta madaci karshenta zuma”
iii. Aji na ukku (ƙwaila) tun daga shakara bakwai zuwa tara, misalin hoto anan shi ne “Haka ratata, inji kishiyar mai ‘ya’ya tara mata.
iɓ. Aji na hudu (Bera) tun daga shekara tara har zuwa sha biyu misali hoto anan shi ne “Duniya rawar ‘yan mata na gaba ya dawo baya”.
ɓ. Aji na biyar (Budurwa) daga shekara goma sha biyu zuwa aure ko shekara sha biyar misali hoto anan shine:-
“In ka ga budurwar Kaza a Kasuwa, in ba gurdumu da shan ƙwai.
B. Rukuni na biyu: Tasawa
Zama matashiya a al’adar Hausawa yakan fara ne tun daga shekara sha biyu (Balaga) har zuwa shekara arba’in.
C. Rukuni na Ukku: Manyanta
Wanan mataki yana farawa ne tun daga shekara arba’in. A lokacin hakali da karfi sun kammala. A lokacin an hayayyafa, wani lokacin ma bayan ‘ya’ya har da jikoki.
Manyanta na tsakanin shakara arbain zuwa sittin. Misali “Mata Uwayen Gida” “Ta fi babu, Kakar wajen Uba”.
D. Rukuni na hudu: Dattijantaka,
Dattawa ko tsofoffi, su ne waɗanda ƙarfi ya ƙare. Waɗanan suna nan daga shekara sittin zuwa sama, misali hoto a nan shi ne “Jiya ba yau ba, tsohuwa ta tuna kwana turaka”.
2.5 RAYUWAR MATA A JIYA DA YAU
Kowa ce al’umma akwai yanda ta ɗauki mata, bisa ga al’adarta ta gargajiya watau, kafin zuwa addini, da kuma wayewar zamani.
Kafin zuwa addinin musulunci matan Hausawa sun kasance abin tausayi duk da cewa al’adu ne na Hausawan suka tanadi haka. A lokacin maguzanci, matan Hausawa ba su da cikkaken ‘yanci balle haƙƙi domin kuwa su ne ɗebo ruwa, da ayyukan gona, da sarafa abinci da zuwa daji samo itace, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari ga keta masu haƙƙi da kuma hana masu gado, sauran matsalolin rayuwa daban-daban. Domin ƙarin bayani a dubi (Ibrahim, 1982 p 237).
Bayan zuwan musulunci ƙasar Hausa, al’amarin ya sauya domin kuwa mata sun samu walwala da ‘yanci ba kamar zamani na maguzanci ba. Babu wata al’ada ko ɗabi’u a duniya da ta daraja mace kamar tsarin addinin musulunci. Shi ya sa mata suka samu karamci, kamar tsari da raba su da wahalhalun zuwa daji, domin ayyukan gona ko saro itace da sauran abubuwa daban-daban da addini bai yadda da su ba.
A yau za a iya faɗi da babban murya cewa mata sun samu walwala da yanci da sakewa da kuma girmamawa. Saboda haka idan aka kwatanta hoton rayuwar mata a jiya na kowace al’umma ba Hausawa kaɗai ba, da hoton rayuwar mata a yau, tabbas! Za a ga cewa an samu sauyi mai ma’ana ƙwarai.
2.6 MA’ANAR HOTON MATA A MAHANGAR HALSHE.
Hoton mata a mahangar halshe shi ne duk wani abu wanda yake nuna surarsu da sifarsu da sigarsu misalansu da kamarsu ko kwatancensu ta hanyar ɗauka da na’ura ko zanawa da waninta.
2.7 HOTON MATA A MAHANGAR ADABI
Hoton Mata a mahangar adabi na nufin tantagaryar jadawali da yake ɗauke da bayanin ɗabi’arsu da halayensu da kamarsu da misalinsu da kwatantasu tare da gwamasu da sauran hanyoyin tsare-tsaren tafiyar da al’adunsu da rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun.
2.8 MA’ANAR KARIN MAGANA
Duk wani abu mai muhimanci yana ƙunshe da ma’anoni masu yawa. Saboda haka ne masana da manazarta suka yi ƙoƙarin ba da ma’anar Karin Magana daban-daban daidai da yadda suka fahimce ta.
Ga wasu daga cikin ra’ayoyin masana da marubuta a kan ma’anar Karin Magana.
Dangambo (1984:38) cewa ya yi Karin Magana: “Dubara ce, ta dunkule Magana mai yawa a cikin zance ko ‘yan kalmomi kadan, cikin hikima”
Zaruk D.S.S, (1986:45) ya ce “Karin Magana gajeran zance ne wanda yake kunshe da hikima”.
Yahaya da Wasu (1992 p30) Cewa suka yi: “Karin Magana tsararen zance ne wanda ya ke zuwa a gajerce na hikima da zalaƙa tare da bayar da ma’ana gansasshiya, mai faɗi, mai yalwa, musamman idan aka tsaya aka yi bayani daki-daki.
Galadanci, (1993: p16), Cewa ya yi: “Karin Magana wata ‘yar gajeriyar magana ce ta azanci, wadda Hausawa kan yi don armashin zance da koyar da darasi”.
Zaruƙu, da Wasu (1995 p56): Sun ce: Karin Magana zancen hikima ne wanda yawanci ake yin sa taƙaitacce, amma mai cike da ma’ana.
Malumfashi da Yakawada da wasu, (2000, 131) Cewa suka yi: “Ma’anar Karin Magana shi ne, wasu gajerun jimloli ne wadanda ba kasafai ma’anar kalmominsu ta zahiri kan nuna abin da suke nufi ba.
Muhammad, (2003:23) Cewa ya yi: “Karin Magana wata “yar gajeruwar jimla ce, ta hikima; wadda ta ƙunshi ma’ana mai yawa in za a tsaya a yi bayaninta”.
Birniwa (2005:57) ya bada ma’anar Karin Magana da: Gajeruwar jimla ce da ake sakaye ma’ana da ita, wadda idan aka warwareta sai ta bayar da ma’ana mai tsawo, wadda mafi yawa kalmomin da ke cikin ta ba sun kunsa ba, sai dai suna da dangantaka da ita”.
Bunza, (2006: 283) Shi kuwa ya kalli Karin Magana ne a matsayin “Daya daga cikin daɗaɗɗun abubuwa na a dana al’adun kowa ce al’umma a duniya”.
Jumaidu da “yar’aduwa, (2007:79) cewa suka yi abin da ake kira “Karin Magana a takaice, shi ne “wata ‘yar jimla gajeriya ce da mai Magana zai faɗa ta hikima, kuma ta ƙunshi ma’anar mai yawa idan an tashi yin sharhinta.
Gwammaja (2010:8) Ya bayyana ma’anar Karin Magana da cewa “ Karin Magana dai maganganu ne na hikima masu ɗimbin yawa ake cure su waje guda domin su fito a taƙaice ba tare da sun gimshi mai sauraro ba.
Koko (2011:1) Cewa ta yi ‘A iya kiran Karin Magana da wani salo na bajekolin tunani da Bahaushe kan yi ta hanyar hikima cikin ‘yan kalmomi kaɗan’.
Ɗan Hausa, (2012 p:39) Ya bayyana cewa: “Karin Magana wasu gajerun jimloli ne wanda ba kasafai ma’anar kalmomin su ta zahiri kan nuna abin da suke nufi ba.
Bunza, (2017 p:3) shi kuwa cewa ya yi “Karin Magana wata takaitacciyar ko gajerawar jimla ce mai ɗauke da babban sakon da ya fi ta tsawo a zahiri idan za a yi fashi baƙinsa”.
Tirkashi! Lalle Karin Magana tana da babban matsayi ga rayuwar al’umma, shi yasa ma’anarta ta yawaita a bakin masana da manazarta.
2.9 TASIRIN KARIN MAGANA A RAYUWAR HAUSAWA
Karin Magana rashen adabin baka ne, da yake da tasiri, tare da taka rawa ga duk fannonin rayuwar al’umma da halshenta.
Malumfashi da Nahuce (2014: 29) cewa suka yi “Karin Magana kusan ya mamaye kowane fanni na rayuwar Bahaushe. Yana da wuyar gaske a ce ga sha’anin rayuwar da ba a samun Karin Magana, kuma wannan shi ya ba da damar kamar yadda halshe da al’ada kan sauya su bi zamani, to kwatankwacin haka ne Karin Magana ke sauyawa”.
Su kuwa Yahaya da wasu (1992:31-32) cewa suka yi “Karin Magana ya sami cigaba da bunkasa dangane da sauye-sauyen zamani da rayuwa. A kowane yanayin zamani akan sami karin maganganu da suka dace da shi. Dubi Karin Maganan nan da akan ce “Duniya juyin juyi, kwaɗo ya faɗa Ruwan zafi ko “Zamani riga”, ko “Wane da tasa” sun yi nuni ne da abin da maganganun da suka dace da shi".
Wannan bincike ma ya tabbatar da cewa har yanzu tasirin Karin Magana yana nan yana cigaba da bunƙasa, domin kuwa sababbin Karin Maganganu suna nan ana ci gaba da ƙirƙirosu ba tare da tsayawa ba.
2.10 NADEWA
A cikin wannan babi an tattauna game da ma’anar kalmomin da suka haɗu suka samar da matashiyar bincike watau takensa, misali ma’anar hoto, tasirin hoto, ma’anar Mata da matakan rayuwansu rayuwar mata a jiya da yau, ma’anar hoton mata a mahangar halshe da adabi da kuma ma’anar Karin Magana da tasirinta.
BABI NA UKU
KARIN MAGANA DA TARKACENTA
(IYA MAGANA MA DA RANARSA)
3.0 SHIMFIƊA
Wannan babi zai tattauna ne a kan Karin Magana da tarkacenta, kamar asalin Karin Magana, da matsayinta, mutanen da suka fi ƙirƙiro Karin Magana, ire-iren Karin Magana, da jigoginta, sigoginta da kuma amfaninta.
3.1 ASALIN KARIN MAGANA
Gano takamammen lokaci ko zamanin da aka fara ƙirƙirar Karin Magana mawuyacin abu ne, saboda Karin Magana ta samo asalinta ne lokaci mai tsawo, tun zamanin zamuna, don haka yana da wuya ƙwarai a ce ga lokacin da aka fara ta, sai dai kawai a bar ta a matsayin “kunne ya girmi kaka”
Masana adabi irin su Yahaya da wasu (1992:30) sun bayyana cewa “Karin maganganu sun fito ne daga cikin rayuwar al’umma, shi ya sa suka ƙunshi yawancin abubuwan da suka shafi ɓangarorin rayuwar al’umma.
Duba da wannan za a iya cewa Karin Magana ta samo asalinta ne tun farkon rayuwar al’umma da adabinta.
3.2 MATSAYIN KARIN MAGANA GA HAUSAWA DA HALSHEN HAUSA.
Karin Magana tana da matsayi babba ga Hausawa, domin sun ɗauke ta sinadarin bunƙasa halshe da adabi, kuma gishirin ƙara wa zance armashi, tare da taskace al’ada, da kuma naƙalta da gwanintar halshe.
Masana adabi sun nuna matsayin Karin Magana da cewa: “Karin Magana a halshen Hausa yakan ƙara wa zance daɗi da armashi, sannan ya nuna zalaƙa da zurfin tunani da balaga da ƙwarewar mai zance. Haka kuma Karin Magana na bayyana wasu sassan rayuwar Bahaushe zunzurutunta.” (Yahaya, da wasu (1992:31).
3.3 MATSAYIN KARIN MAGANA GA WASU ƘABILU DA BA HAUSAWA BA
Sauran ƙabilu da al’ummomi masu magana da harsuna daban-daban su ma, ba a bar su a baya ba, a wajan bai wa Karin Magana matsayi. Misali, Turawa, da Labarawa, da Sinawa da sauransu. A nan gida Nijeriya kuwa, akwai ƙabilu kamar Yarbawa da Igbo da sauransu duk suna amfani da Karin Magana a cikin zantukansu, da kuma hanyar haɓaka adabinsu.
Ga dai abin da masana suka ce a kan haka: “Ba halshen Hausa kawai ne yake amfani ko ya mallaki Karin Magana ba; a a, sauran harsuna ma suna da tasu dabara ta sarrafa magana cikin hikima. Ko da yake harsunan mutanen duniya sun bambanta, kuma halayen zama da al’adu da ɗabi’u nasu ma sun sha bamban, amma a wajen azancin Karin Magana suna da baiwa iri ɗaya. Sai dai yadda suke tsara Karin maganganu ne yake canzawa daga wannan halshe zuwa wancan” (Yahaya da wasu 1992:30).
3.4 MUTANEN DA SUKA FI ƘIRƘIRO KARIN MAGANA
Bayan biyar diddigin da masana da manazarta suka yi ƙoƙarin biciko waɗanda suka fi ƙirƙiro Karin Magana a cikin al’umma. Yahaya da wasu (1992:31) sun bayyana cewa “Ana jin mutanen da suka fi yin Karin Magana da ƙirƙiro sabbi su ne:
- Mata
- Maroƙa da makaɗa
- Mawaƙa
- “Yandaudu da sauransu.
3.5 KARIN MAGANA KAFIN ZUWAN MUSULUNCI
A lokacin maguzanci, kafin zuwan Musulunci, Karin Maganar Hausawa takan danganta ne da al’adun maguzanci da kuma abubuwan bautarsu, kamar yadda Yahaya da wasu (1992:32) suka bayyana, ga kuma misalan Karin Maganar na zamanin kamar haka:
1. Rana ta ɓatar masa
2. Ya samu sa’a ga zakara
3. Kiɗa a ruwa, mai ta da haukan dodo
4. Duk dodo ɗaya ake wa tsafi
5. Duk bori guda ake wa tsafi
6. Samun lamuni ga dodo, kan sa a shiga ruwa lafiya d.s.s
3.6 KARIN MAGANA BAYAN ZUWAN MUSULUNCI
Bayan zuwan addinin Musulunci, Karin Maganar Hausawa tana nuna dangantaka ta ƙut-da-ƙut tsakanin al’adunsu da addinin Musulunci; misali:-
- Allah ya sawaƙe wahala, Tsohuwa ta ga ajalinta ya kusa
- Faɗin gaskiya, ya fi mugunyar Sallah
- Azumi ba Sallah holoƙo, jingine shi ga ice sha ruwa
- Hanyar makka ce, kowa da guzurinsa
- Tsammanin warabbuka, Malam yaƙi noma don zakka
- Kaza tara ta isa layya, sai fa in fata ake so
- Gobara daga kogi, maganinta Allah. Da sauransu.
3.7 KARIN MAGANA BAYAN ZUWAN TURAWA
Yahaya da wasu (1992:32) sun bayyana cewa: “Hausawa sun ƙirƙiri wasu Karin Magana da suka dace da zamanin zuwan Turawa a ƙasar Hausa, ta hanyar amfani da abubuwan da suka samu a sanadiyar zuwan Turawa. Misali:
- Shakulatin ɓangaru, angulu ta ga mushen mota
- Babban mutum da rigar yara
- Tsiyar nasara, sai za su gida
- Gulma wuya, nasara ya ga mai maƙoƙo
- Da sauran lokaci, ɗan sakandare yaga mai besfa
- Banza a banza, bature ya ga zagi. Da sauransu
Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin wannan aka cigaba da samar da sabbin Karin Magana.
3.8 SABABBIN KARIN MAGANA
Kasancewar Hausa halshe ne mai haɓaka tare da ɓunƙasar adabinsa da al’adunsa yasa ko yaushe Hausawa na cigaba da ƙirƙiro sababbin Karin Magana a lokuta daban-daban, daidai da buƙatun rayuwarsu na yau da kullum. Junaidu da ‘yar’aduwa (2007:83) sun bayyana cewa; “Kamar yadda yake, “Idan kiɗa ya canja, dole ne rawa ma ta canja” Haka nan mutane ke ƙirƙiro sababbin Karin Magana yadda rayuwarsu ke canjawa. Misali:-
- Muƙami karuwa a amalanke
- Bi da bi tafiyar soja
- Muƙami kuturu a London
- Jan biro maganin taƙadarin dalibi
- Allah ya kawo sauƙi, ɗan jarida ya ga abin da ya fi ƙarfinsa
- Mai wuyar ke nan kiran Sallah a ofis
- Ɓagas ce, ɗankauye ya ga kifi a gwangwani
- Cineke Inyamiri ya sha duka
3.9 ƘUNSHIYAR KARIN MAGANA
Karin Magana dunƙulallen zance ne wanda idan aka warware shi a ka baje shi, aka yi masa filla-filla sa’annan aka dube shi, za a same shi ƙunshe da hikimomi da zantuttukan ma’ana, irinsu, faɗakarwa, ilmantarwa, gargaɗi, nasiha, fasaha, naƙaltar halshe, habaici, gugar zana, tarbiya da sauran al’adun rayuwar Hausawa.
3.10 SIGAR MA’ANONIN SAƘON KARIN MAGANA
Karin Magana ta ƙunshi saƙonni waɗanda suka haifar da ma’anoni, daban-daban.
Masana adabi irinsu Zarruƙ da wasu (1986:46-47) sun bayyana cewa: “Idan aka tattara saƙonnin da Karin Magana ke ɗauke da su, kuma a ka nazarce su, za a iya taƙaita ma’anoninsu zuwa iri biyu kamar haka:-
1. Mai ma’anar sarrari
2. Mai ma’abar ɓoye
- Mai ma’anar sarari shi ne wanda da an yi amfani da shi za ka ji manufar a fili take. Misali:
a. Ramin mugunta gina shi gajere
b. Zuwa da wuri, ya fi zuwa da wuri-wuri
c. Hattara da kaya, ya fi ban cigiya
- Mai ma’anar ɓoye kuma shi ne inda za a yi zancen wani abu daban, amma ana nufin wani abu daban.
a. Taka faifai rage zango ne ga mai hawa sama.
b. Idan ka ga gari kowa da wutsiya, nemi kara ka laƙa
3.11 YANAYIN SAƘON KARIN MAGANA
Mafi yawan saƙon Karin Magana dunƙulalle ne, wanda sai an buɗe shi ne, kuma an baje shi a faifai ne, sannan aka yi nazarinsa, za a zaƙulo hikimomi da saƙon da ke ciki, sannan a fahimce shi.
Ga abin da masana irinsu, Junaidu da ‘Yar’aduwa (2007”79-80) ke cewa: “Ita Karin Magana’ dai idan za a ɗauki kalmominta a fitar da ma’anarsu filla-filla a haƙiƙar gaskiya ko kaɗan ba za su ba da ma’anar da mai magana ke nufi ba, ko kuma ma’anar da ita “Karin Magana” ta ƙunsa ba. Misali idan muka ɗauki wannan ‘Karin Magana’ ta. “Daɓe ya ji makuba’. Idan muka ce za mu fassara ma’anar wannan ‘yar gajeriyar jimla, sai mu ga cewa ma’anar jimlar ko kaɗan ba ita ce ma’anar ‘Karin Maganar’ ba, domin kuwa “Daɓe” ma’anarsa shimfiɗar ɗaki ko tsakar gida da mata kan yi maimakon shafa siminti, ita kuwa, “makuba” ɓawon ɗorawa ne da ake dakawa a jiƙa a watsa wa daɓen don ya yi aminci. Amma ma’anar wannan Karin Magana tana nufin wani abu yana bunƙasa, ko kuma yana sabgar arziki yana jin daɗi, a nan ana iya cewa: “Daɓensa ya ji makuba’, ko kuma “Hanunsa da shuni” ko “Tauraronsa ke haske”, ko “Ludansa na kan dawo” da dai makamantansu”.
Bugu da ƙari sun ci gaba da bayyana ra’ayin su da cewa “Saboda irin wannan hali na Karin Magana shi yasa muke iya kiranta da “ɓad-da-bami”, don kuma tana da wuyar fahimta ga wanda yake koyon halshen”.
3.12 SIGOGIN KARIN MAGANA
Karin Maganar Hausa, tana da siga daban-daban ta fuskar ƙirar jimlolinta da sarrafa kalmominta, da kuma ta fuskar tasirin zamanin ƙirƙirarta.
Ga wasu daga cikin sigogin Karin Magana:
a. Sigogi ta fuskar ƙirar jimla
i. Karin Magana mai gajerar jumla ɗaya
Wannan nau’in Karin Magana ne waɗanda suke ɗauke da ƙananan jimloli ɗaya-ɗaya domin isar da saƙon da ake buƙata, misali:
a. Matar mutum ƙabarinsa
b. Mace rabin mutum
c. Uwargida ran gida
ii. Karin Magana mai ɓangare biyu.
Wannan nau’in Karin Magana ne waɗanda suke ɗauke da jimla mai ɓangare biyu, ɓangaren farko shi ke ɗauke da mafarin Karin Maganar, shi kuwa ɓangare na biyu, yana ɗauke da cikamakin ko ƙarshen Karin Maganar. Misali
a. Abin da kamar wuya gurguwa da aure nesa
b. Namiji dutse, mace sakaina
c. Mata suna suka tara, amma halinsu ya bambanta
iii. Karin Magana mai labari
Wannan nau’in Karin Magana ne waɗanda suke ɗauke da kanun labaran wani abu da ya taɓa faruwa a ƙasar Hausa. Misali.
a. Faɗan gwaggo ƙafa
b. Gobarar titi
c. Rufin kan uwa daɗi
iv. Karin Magana mai tambaya
Wannan nau’in Karin Magana ne waɗanda suke ɗauke da jimlolin tambaya. Misali
a. Abin wani abu ne, mayya da ta ci ɗan jariri?
b. Kwana nawa ne maye ya yi amarya?
c. Mu na wasa ne? gwari ya bada magani an ci an mutu
b. Sigogin Karin Magana ta fuskar tasirin zamanin ƙirƙirarsu.
A wannan gaɓa ana iya kasa sigogin Karin Magana zuwa gida uku; kamar haka: Karin Magana mai tasirin gargajiya, Karin Magana mai tasirin Musulunci, Karin Magana mai tasirin zuwan Turawa. Malumfashi da Nahuche (2014:39-40) sun bayyanasu kamar haka:
i. Karim magana mai tasirin gargajiya.
Karin maganganu ne da ke bayanin rayuwar Bahaushe ta gargajiya. Ke nan wani kandami ne da ya haɗa al’adar Bahaushe dangane da tarbiyya da sana’a da wasa da tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da sauransu. Misali:-
- Sanin wurin bugu shi ne ƙira
- Inda fata tafi taushi nan ake mayar da jima
- Sana’a goma maganin takaici.
- Idan ana dara fidda Uwa ake.
- Yau da gobe ƙaryata boka. Da sauransu
ii. Karin Magana mai tasirin Musulunci.
Wannan kaso ya shafi Karin maganganun da ke da tasirin Larabci da kuma bayanin addinin Musulunci………. Misali
- Masallacin kura, kare ba ya limanci
- Ta Malam ba ta wuce amin
- Kowane allazi da nashi amanu
- Allah gatan kowa
- Yabanya Allah ya fissheki fari. Da sauransu
iii. Karin Magana mai tasirin zuwan Turawa.
Wannan fasali yana bayanin haɗuwa da tarihi tsakanin Hausawa da Turawa inda aka sami aron kalmomi tsakanin Halshen Hausa da Ingilishi ko Faransanci…………… Misali:-
- Jirgin sama ba ruwanka da kwalta
- Kalanzir mai fitila
- Ba laifin gwalab ba, laifin batur. Da sauransu.
3.13 JIGOGIN KARIN MAGANA
Kowace Karin Magana tana ɗauke da wani jigo wanda a dalilinsa ko sakamakonsa aka gina ta. To, mene ne jigo?.
Ma’anar Jigo
Masana sun bayar da ma’ana daban-daban sai dai idan aka dubi ma’anonin da idon basira za a ga cewa manufarsu duk ɗaya ce.
Yahaya (1978) ya ce: Jigo na nufin saƙo ko manufa ko bayani ko ruhin magana, wanda shi ne ake son isarwa ga masu saurare ko masu karatu ko masu nazari.
Ɗangambo (1978) cewa ya yi: Jigo shi ne dunƙulalliyar manufa wadda domin ta ne aka wallafa kafin mutum ya ɗauki alƙalami ya rubuta wani abu, dole ya kasance yana da manufa, to wannan manufar ita ce jigo”.
Gusau, (1988) shi kuwa ya bada ma’anar jigo da cewa” Jigo shi ne saƙo ko manufa”.
A wajen fitar da jigogin Karin Magana nan ma akwai ra’ayoyin masana da manazarta da marubuta daban-daban a kan yawan manyan jigogin Karin Magana. Sai dai duk manufarsu na komawa wuri ɗaya.
Yahaya (1979:62) ya bayyana jigogin Karin Magana a dunƙule kamar haka: “Karin maganganun Hausa suna cike da koyarda halayen zaman duniya, a shirye a cikin azancin magana.
Karin Maganar Hausa tana ɗauke da jigogi daban-daban don amfanin al’ummar Hausawa.
Koko, (2011:69) ta kawo jigogi guda tara kamar haka:
- Jigon Ilmi
- Jigon Faɗakarwa
- Jigon Gargaɗi
- Jigon Tarbiyya
- Jigon Siyasa
- Jigon Tarihi
- Jigon Ilmantarwa
- Jigon Nishaɗi
- Jigon Nasiha (Wa’azi)
Shi kuma wannan aikin an yi ƙoƙarin zaƙulo jigon Karin Magana guda talatin da biyu (32) bayan tattara bayanai daga manazartu daban-daban. Ga kuma jigogin tare da misalai kamar haka:
1. Jigon Addini
i. Bori ɗaya suke yi wa tsafi
ii. Faɗin gaskiya ya fi mugunyar sallah
iii.
2. Jigon Al’ada
i. Ba a mugun Sarki sai mugun bafade
ii. A bar tuna baya, gyartai ya ci sarauta
iii. Mai mace ɗaya aminin gwabro
3. Jigon Aure
i. Aure ba ka da malam
ii. Abin da ke ga amarya shi take ba angonta
iii. Komai wayon amarya, sai an sha mata
4. Jigon Alheri
i. Alheri ya fi mugunta
ii. Alheri ɗanƙo ne, baya faɗuwa ƙasa banza
iii. Alheri gadon barci
5. Jigon Arziki
i. Arziki rigar ƙaya, kana ja yana jan ka
ii. Arziki ba riga ba balle a tuɓe maka
iii. Mai arziki ko a Kwara ya sai da ruwa
6. Jigon Dogaro da kai
i. Zomo ba ya kamuwa daga zaune
ii. Sai an sha wuya a kan sha daɗi
iii. Kuwa ya ci zomo ya ci guda
7. Jigon Faɗakarwa
i. Hankali da kaya ya fi ban cigiya
ii. Ƙarfe da zafi ake bugunsa
iii. Shirin shiga ruwa tun daga waje ake yinsa
8. Jigon fuska / fara’a
i. Shimfiɗar fuska ta fi shinfiɗar tabarma
ii. Labarin zuciya a tambayi fuska
iii. Fuska mai sai da riga
9. Jigon Gaskiya
i. Gaskiyar wuƙa inji zakara
ii. Gaskiya ɗaya ce
iii. In zaka faɗi faɗi gaskiya
10. Jigon Gargaɗi
i. Bari ba shegiya ba ce da ubanta
ii. Ramen mugunta, gina shi gajere
iii. Wanda bai ji bari ba ya ji hoho
11. Jigon Habaici
i. Ko ba a gwada ba linzame ya fi ƙarfi bakin kaza
ii. Mai tsoron ta mutu, shi yake maho
iii. Komi lalacewar masa ta fi kashin shanu
12. Jigon Haihuwa
i. Haihuwa da yawa maganin mutuwa
ii. Haihuwa Guzuma ɗa kwance uwa kwance
iii. In ka haifi yaro ba ka haifi halinsa ba.
13. Jigon Hakuri
i. Haƙuri maganin zaman duniya
ii. Mahaƙurci mawadaci
iii. Mai haƙuri ya kan dafa dutse ya sha romansa
14. Jigon Hankali
i. Amfani girma hankali
ii. Hankali raɓa ne, da sannu yake shiga
iii. Hankali ka gani, ido gululu ne
15. Jigon Hali
i. Hali zanen dutse, ba ya ƙanƙaruwa
ii. Kora da hali ya fi kora da sanda
iii. Halin Uwa, ɗiya kan ɗauka
16. Jigon Kasuwanci
i. Yaro ba kasuwa guda yake ci ba
ii. Abin da ke gidan sarki, akwai shi a kasuwa
iii. Gidan zumu ba kasuwa ba ne
17. Jigon Kishi/Hasada
i. Ba Kuka na ba, Uwar kishiya ta mutu
ii. Ban gane ba, an daki ɗan kishiya
iii. Kishi kumallon mata
18. Jigon Kirari
i. Mata in ba ku ba gida
ii. Mata zuma ne, sai da wuta
iii. Uwar gida ran gida
19. Jigon Kula
i. A kashe wuta tun tana ƙarama
ii. A dubi ruwa, a dubi tsaki
iii. Kiwon kai ya fi kiyon dabba
20. Jigon Kunya
i. Kunyar maras kunya hasara ce
ii. Sai baki ya ci, ido ke kunya
iii. Tabarmar kunya, da hauka ake naɗe ta
21. Jigon Kyautatawa
i. In amarya bata hau doki ba ba za a aza mata kaya ba
ii. Don tuwon gobe, ake wanke tukunya
iii. Ba a mai da hannun kyauta baya
22. Jigon Maƙwabtaka da abokantaka
i. Abin da yawa mutuwa ta shiga kasuwa
ii. Abokin kuka ba a ɓoye mai mutuwa
23. Jigon Mutuwa
i. Furfura manzon mutuwa
ii. Tonon asiri mutuwa gidan kwaraka
iii. Gata ba ya hana mutuwa
24. Jigon Nasiha
i. Sannu ba ta hana zuwa, sai dai a daɗe ba a kai ba
ii. Hana wani, hana kai
iii. Zafin nema baya kawo samu
25. Jigon Sana’a
i. Kakarsa ta yanke saƙa
ii. Gunnusuru tusar Makitsiya
iii. A rina an saci zanen mahaukaciya
26. Jigon Sani/Ilimi
i. Rashin sani ya fi dare duhu
ii. Karamin sani ƙuƙumi ne
iii. Ilimi mai kore jahilci
27. Jigon Sarauta
i. Idan Sarki ya ce baƙi a ce ƙirin
ii. In yi abina son rai, inji abokin Sarki
iii. Rashin Sani kan sa makaho takin Sarki
28. Jigon Siyasa
i. Ana yi da kai, ya fi ba a yi da kai
ii. In dambu ya yi yawa, ba ya jin mai
iii. Kada a yi zaɓen tumun dare
29. Jigon Tarbiyya/ Ladabi
i. Kowa ya bi dole a bi shi
ii. Girman kai rawanin tsiya
iii. Bin na gaba bin Allah
30. Jigon Tarihi
i. A mazaya a mayar da iri gida
ii. Gummi ce ta haɗu da Anka
iii. Ƙara wa Barno dawaki
31. Jigon Yanayi
i. Da safe ake kama fara, in rana tayi tashi suke yi
ii. Dare mahutar bawa
iii. Damina ga daɗi ga ƙazanta
32. Jigon Zumunci
i. Zumunta a ƙafa take
ii. Ɗan uwa rabin jiki
iii. Zumu zuma ne
3.14 IRE - IREN KARIN MAGANA
Manazarta dama suna karkasa Karin Magana ta yadda suka fahimce ta; Yahaya, (1977:62-64) ya yi la’akari da darussan da ke cikin Karin Magana wajen rarraba su ɗaki-ɗaki. Misali: Hali, fuska fara’a, haƙuri, alheri, kula da arziki, sani/ ilimi da kuma zumunci.
Shi kuwa (Yunusa (1977) ya karkasa nasa ne ta bin tsari irin na a bajadi, wato, tsarin daga A-Z. kuma ya yi sharhin wasu daga ciki.
Ɗangambo (1984:38-39), ya yi la’akari da ƙirar su ne, ko kuma wasu kalmomi na nahawu da suke ƙunshe da su. Misali; Masu “Inji” da “ance” da “sai” da sauransu.
Zhong, (1993:163) ya karkasa na sa ne kamar haka: Karin maganganu masu faɗar gaskiya, gargaɗi hikimar alumma, falsafar alumma, habaici addini, sana’a da yanayin ƙasa da sauransu.
Su Junaidu da ‘Yar’aduwa (2007:80-84) kuwa sun karkasa Karin Magana zuwa gida tara, ta la’akari da ƙirar wasu, ko saƙon da suke ƙunshe da su, ko kuma asalinsu, kashe-kashen nasu su ne:
i. Karin Magana masu ƙaramar jimla
ii. Karin Magana mai labari
iii. Karin Magana mai inji
iv. Karin Magana mai ɓangare biyu
v. Karin Maganar gaskiya
vi. Karin Maganar habaici
vii. Karin Maganar ‘kowa’
viii. Karin Maganar ‘sai’
Ita kuwa, koko (2011:1-2) ta karkasa Karin Magana zuwa rukunai huɗu tare da la’akari da asalinsu, kamar haka:
1. Karin Magana masu daɗaɗɗen asali, waɗanda suka samu dangane da rayuwa da al’umma da addininsu, da saurantsu na gargajiya.
2. Karin Maganar da suka samu a sanadiyar fahimtar rayuwa kamar ta naƙasar jiki, fahimtar halayen jama’a, kyautatawa, abota da sauransu.
3. Karin Maganar da suka samu bayan zuwan Larabawa da Turawa a ƙasar Hausa, da waɗanda suka samu ta hanyar cuɗanya tsakanin Hausawa da wasu ƙabilu na cikin gida da na waje
4. Karin Maganar da ake ginawa kan labari ko a kan wasu kalamomi mai fitowa a cikinsu. Misali: Karin Magana mai bayani, labari, sai inji, yafi, ƙulla jimla, ɓangare biyu, kwatanci, da sauransu.
Malumfashi da Nahuce (2014:32-41) sun fasalta Karin Magana ne ta hanyar kula da gininta da tushenta zuwa kashi ashirin da ɗaya.
1. Karin Magana mai ƙwar ɗaya
2. Karin Magana mai ƙwar biyu
3. Karin Magana mai labara
4. Karin Magana mai “Inji”
5. Karin Magana mai “ance”
6. Karin Magana mai “sai”
7. Karin makaga mai “daga”
8. Karin Magana mai “ko”
9. Karin Magana mai “dole”
10. Karin Magana mai “har”
11. Karin Magana mai “ta”
12. Karin Magana mai “tun”
13. Karin Magana mai “ana”
14. Karin Magana mai “Wanda”
15. Karin Magana mai “da- Na - Sani”
16. Karin Magana mai “A”
17. Karin Magana mai “da”
18. Karin Magana mai “Ba”
19. Karin Magana mai “Tasirin gargajiya”
20. Karin Magana mai “Tasirin Musulunci”
21. Karin Magana mai “Tasirin zuwan Turawa”
A wannan bincike an yi la’akari da ƙirar jimlolin Karin Magana da kuma kalmomin da suka ƙunsa aka fitar da ire-iren Karin Magana guda talatin (30) bayan tattara bayanai daga manazartu kamar haka:
1. Karin Magana mai “A”
i. A jamu a kaimu an ba Uwar makaho kashi
ii. A ci dai ba a sayar ba, kaza ta fi doki
iii. A ɗibi giyaɗar baƙi, a baiwa awakin baƙi
2. Karin Magana mai “Akan”
i. A na bukin duniya, akan yi na ƙiyama
ii. A bakin wawa akan ji magana
iii. A na kayan ka, akan yi na rataya
3. Karin Magana mai “Ance”
i. In gani a ƙasa an ce da kare ana biki a gidansu
ii. Mutum baya ƙin ta mutane an ce da ɓarawo ya gudu
iii. Yau da magana, an ce wa Sarkin gari ƙazami
4. Karin Magana mai “Ana”
i. Ana so ana kai kasuwa
ii. Ana zaton wuta maƙera sai ga ta masaƙa
iii. Ana wata sai ga wata ta samu
5. Karin Magana mai “An yi wa”
i. Ba laifi an yi wa ‘yan buki duka
ii. Ba da ɗewa zan yi ba, an yi wa mai kwaɗayi bisimilla
iii. Ba a gama abinci ba, an yi wa marowaci sallama
6. Karin Magana mai “An ci”
i. An ƙi cin biri, an ci dila
ii. Gobe ma a ƙara, an ci garin sadaka an hana maye
iii. An ƙi cin halal an ci haram, Bamaguje ya ci mushe
7. Karin Magana mai tsari “Ba”
i. Ba Wahalalle sai mai kwaɗayi
ii. Ba don tsawo akan ga wata ba,
iii. Ba kare bin damo
8. Karin Magana mai “Ba ya/ba ta”
i. Zomo ba ya kamuwa daga zaune
ii. Banza ba ta kai zomo kasuwa
iii. Kifin fadama ba ya gasa da na gulbi
9. Karin Magana mai “Da” da “An”
i. Da sanin ango, an yi wa ‘yan buki duka
ii. Da alamar zaƙi an ba ɓera ajiyar angurya
iii. Da walakin goro cikin miya
10. Karin Magana mai “Daga”
i. Daga ƙin gaskiya sai ɓata
ii. Daga wajen wa, aure da duka
iii. Daga ina? Tsohowa ta ji sallama da dare
11. Karin Magana mai “Da - na - Sani”
i. Da -na- sani da na yi
ii. Da - na - sani ƙeya ce a baya take
iii. Da- na - sani ba ta san da-na-sani ba
12. Karin Magana mai “Mai dole”
i. Dole Uwar na ƙi
ii. Dole zama da kishiya
iii. Dole a baiwa ɗan Mata hura
13. Karin Magana mai “Hausawa sun ce”
i. Hausawa sun ce tsoro na daji kunya na gida
ii. Hausawa sun ce ana ta kai wa ka ta kaya
iii. Hausawa sun ce in ba ka san gari ba saurari daka
14. Karin Magana mai “Har”
i. Cin danko har da su kaza
ii. A feɗe biri har wutsiya
iii. Ya sauka daga Baƙara har Nasi
15. Karin Magana Mai “In ji”
i. Da Sauran Labarin inji mai bada mugun labari
ii. Allah ya yi abin, inji mafaɗin aurensa
iii. Haka aka ce inji mai bada labarin ƙarya
16. Karin Magana Mai “Kowa”
i. Kowa ya sake a yi masa sakiya
ii. Kowa ya yi zagi a kasuwa ya san da wanda yake
iii. Kowa ya daka rawar wani ya rasa turmin daka tasa
17. Karin Magana Mai “Ko”
i. Ko kurum magana ce
ii. Ko ɗan riƙo ya san kifinsa
iii. Ko da magana! Karuwa ta ga samari
18. Karin Magana Mai Mamaki
i. Abin mamaki ciyawa cin doki
ii. Mamaki makiro miji ɗaka mata wuri suna rabkar danya
iii. Abin mamaki kare da tallar tsire
19. Karin Magana mai “Kwatance”
i. Kamar kumbo, kamar kayanta
ii. Kama da wane ba wane ba ne
iii. Iya faɗi kamar farkar Sarki
20. Karin Magana mai “Sai” a farkonta
i. Sai an ajiye akan ɗauka
ii. Sai da so akan yi kyauta
iii. Sai yadda Allah ya yi baƙo ya wuce da ɗan maigida
21. Karin Magana mai Sai a tsakiyar ta
i. Kushewar baɗi sai baɗi
ii. Kura ba ta son abin ado, sai na kwaɗayi
iii. Ranar wuya sai naka, ranar daɗi sai bare
22. Karin Magana mai “TA”
i. Ta Allah ba tasu ba
ii. Ta tsohuwa “um dai”
iii. Ta wane, ba ta wane ba ce
23. Karin Magana mai “Tambaya”
i. Gani ci ne, ko tauna haɗiya ce?
ii. Ina zan zauna? Mai tsegumi, ya je kasuwa
iii. Ina laifin abokiyar faɗar da ta bar ki ki ɗaura zani?
24. Karin Magana mai “Tun”
i. Tun ana marmari, har a ƙosa
ii. Tun Malam na sifawa
iii. Tun da kare ba sa’ar kura ba ne
25. Karin Magana mai “Wanda”
i. Wanda ya gani shi ka faɗa
ii. Wanda aka jira ne ya tafi
iii. Wanda ba ya da abu ba ya da magana
26. Karin Magana mai “Sassan Jiki
i. Zuciyar mutum birninsa
ii. Haƙoran dariya ka cizo
iii. Baki mai yanke wuya
27. Karin Magana mai “Kalmar tashin hankali”
i. Tashin hankali gobarar gemu
ii. Tashin hankali abu cikin kunne
iii. Tashin hankali wanda ba a sawa rana
28. Karin Magana mai “Kalmomin da ba su da takamammen ma’ana
i. Tantara kwai, mata ta turke miji
ii. Azarangaɗi muguwar kishiya
iii. Zugurnugu, kishi da mai iyaye
29. Karin Magana Mai “An Sa”
i. Ba shiga ba fita, an sa mahaukaci igadin kofa
ii. Da wannan don wannan, ansa wawa biko
iii. Hayaniya ta yi yawa an sa wawaye tsere
30. Karin Magana mai “Ya fi/ta fi”
i. Hanya ta fi gata
ii. Zaman lafiya ya fi zama sarki
iii. Ƙaramin goro ya fi babban dutse
3.15 AMFANIN KARIN MAGANA
Amfanin Karin Magana ga rayuwar al’umma yana da yawan da ya wuce ƙirga sai dai a tsakura a faɗi gwargwadon abinda mutum ya fahimta.
Yahaya da Wasu (1992:31) cewa suka yi: “Amfanin gajarce magana na da yawa. Daga ciki, ta yiwu akan yi haka ne saboda rashin isasshen lokacin magana, ko don yin hannunka mai sanda da faɗakarwa, ko don fito da so ko ƙin abu. Karin Magana a mafi yawa kukan kurciya ne inda yakan sanya magana ta yi armashi da daɗi kamar an zuba kafi-zabo a miya. Sannan akan nuna gwaninta da naƙaltar halshen mai magana, ga kuma rashin kawo ƙosawar mai sauraro.
Malumfashi da wasu (2000:132) su kuwa cewa suka yi kamar haka:
1. Taƙaita Magana: Wato ana amfani da Karin Magana idan ana son a taƙaita magana. A nan, idan ana son a taƙaita magana maimakon yin amfani da wata doguwar jimla ko jimloli sai kawai a kawo Karin Magana a wurin, ya wadatar. Misali, Idan kana son ka ce, zuciyar mutum kamar gari take gare shi, domin a cikin ta yake kai da kawo domin shirya tunani da manufofinsa. To a nan, sai kawai ka ce “Zuciyar mutum birninsa” mai saurare ya ji haka sai ya fahimta.
2. Ado ga zance: Wani wuri da ake amfani da Karin Magana shi ne domin yi ma zance kwalliya. Alal misali, idan ana tsalma Karin Magana a lokacin da ake zance yakan sa zance ya yi daɗin saurare.
3. Gugar Zana: Ana amfani da Karin Magana domin a tsangwami wani a fakaice; misali: Ina akuya za ta da kayan taiki?
4. Kirari: Haka ma ana amfani da Karin Magana domin yin kirari; misali: Komai lalacewar masa ta fi kashin shanu.
5. Nuna ƙwarewa ga halshe: Ana amfani da Karin Magana domin nuna mai zance kwararre ne ga halshen Hausa…
Junaidu da “Yar’aduwa (2007:84-85) su kuwa a nasu ra’ayin sun karkasa shi kamar haka:
1. Karin Magana tana kawo wa halshe kwarjini ga masu amfani da halshen ta fuskar nazarin tsarin jimloli da ma’ana.
2. Tana taimakawa wajen taƙaita zance da kuma taƙaita lokaci wajen zance, ta hanyar amfani da guntayen jumloli.
3. Tana taimakawa mai zance yin sirri a cikin yarensa, saboda ba dukkan mutane ne ke fahimtar ma’anar Karin Magana ba don haka akwai ma’ana ta ɓoye da Karin Magana ta ƙunsa wadda sai an fassara wa mutum sannan ya fahimci zancen.
4. Ana amfani da Karin Magana don yi wa jama’a gargaɗi don su bar aikata wasu miyagun abubuwa a rayuwarsu waɗanda za su cutar da jama’a, misali: “Ramen mugunta gina shi gajere”.
5. Ana amfani da Karin Magana don bai wa mutane shawara su yi wani abin da zai taimake su a rayuwa; misali
“Ba a ɗaure kaya ranar tafiya”
“Zomo ba ya kamuwa daga zaune”
6. Ana amfani da Karin Magana don a koyar da jama’a kariya da kiyaye rayukansu daga haɗari. Misali
“Taya Allah kiwo, yafi Allah na nan”
“Riga - kafi ya fi magani”.
7. Ana amfani da Karin Magana don a koya wa mutane su dogara da kansu, su dai na duban abin wani. Misali:
“Guntun gatarinka, ya fi sari ka bani”
“Zakaranka, raƙuminka”
8. Ana amfani da Karin Magana don koɗa kai da washi ko yin kirari; Misali “Ana tsoronmu ni da iya, inji ɗiyar mayya”
“Wane mutum! inji mutuwa”
9. Karin Magana na ƙara sa wa zance armashi da burgewa ga mai sauraron zancen.
10. Ana amfani da Karin Magana don mayar da martani ga mutumen da ya baƙanta maka rai, ba tare da yin zage-zage da faɗa ba. Don kuwa Bahaushe ya ce: “Kowa ya yi ma ka kara, ka yi masa na itace”.
Koko, (2011:51-52), Ita kuwa cewa ta yi kamar haka: “Kowace Karin Magana aka yi, tana da irin nata manufa. Ɗan adam yakan yi amfani da ita domin isar da irin wannan manufa, wadda ta kasance a cikin zuciyarsa.
Karin Magana tana da muhimmanci da amfani ga kowace al’umma da kowane halshe na duniya, saboda tana taimakawa jama’ar da ke amfani da ita ta hanyar gane halshensu tare da wanda ke magana da halshen a yayin da yake magana wadda ta shafi jama’ar.
Bayan haka, tana nuni ga kyaun halayen kirki da munin halayen banza da kuma yadda rayuwa ta kasance ga al’ummar da ke amfani da ita.
3.16 NAƊEWA
A cikin wannan babi an kawo bayanai game da Karin Magana da tarkacenta, inda aka tattauna a kan asalin Karin Magana, matsayinta da misalanta. Sannan aka kawo nau’oin zamunnan da aka ƙirƙiro Karin Magana da ƙunshiyar Karin Magana, sigar ma’anoni saƙonta, da yanayin saƙon, da sigoginta, da ire-irenta da kuma amfaninta.
BAB NA HUƊU
BAJE KOLIN HOTON MATA A KARIN MAGANA DA SAƘONNINSA.
(MATA SUNA SUKA TARA, AMMA HALINSU YA BAMBANTA)
4.0 SHIMFIƊA
Wannan babi shi ne zuciya da gangar jikin wannan bincike, domin a cikinsa ne za a baje kolin wasu daga cikin hoton mata a Karin Magana tare da bayanin saƙonninsu. An kasa hoton matan a ƙarƙashin manyan azuzuwa guda shida kamar haka: Hoton mata na sunaye, da hoton mata na matakan rayuwarsu, da hoton mata na naƙasar halitta, da hoton mata na al’adu da hoton mata na sana’o’i, da hoton mata na sauran ɗabi’u da halayen zamantakewa.
4.1 MENE NE HOTON MATA A KARIN MAGANA
A ra’ayina, ana iya ba da ma’anar hoton mata a Karin Magana da cewa: Madubi ne da yake ɗauke da surar da ke nuna siffar mata, da kamarsu, da misalansu, da ɗabi’unsu, da al’adun su, ta hanyar bayyana taswirar halayen rayuwarsu waɗanda suka tabbatarwa kansu da kansu da kuma waɗanda al’umma suka tabbatar masu, sakamakon lura da al’amurran yau da kullum, sannan aka cusa su a cikin Karin Magana.
4.2 AZUZUWAN HOTON MATA A KARIN MAGANA
Idan aka dubi zubi da tsarin hoton mata da ake samu a cikin Karin Magana kuma aka tattara su, za a iya kasa su zuwa manyan azuzuwa guda shida kamar haka:
a. Hoton mata na sunaye
b. Hoton mata na matakan rayuwarsu
c. Hoton mata na naƙasar na halittu
d. Hoton mata na al’adu
e. Hoton mata na sana’o’i
f. Hoton mata na sauran ɗabi’u da halayen zamantakewarsu.
Bugu da ƙari akwai rassa daban-daban a ƙarƙashin kowane ɗaya daga cikin manyan azuzuwa kamar dai yadda bayani zai gudana.
4.2.1 HOTON MATA NA SUNAYE
Hoton mata na sunaye wani shafi ne da yake tattare da karin maganganu masu ɗauke da sunayen mata. A ƙarƙashin wannan aji, ana samun sunaye na yanka, da na gamagari da na laƙabi, da kuma na kinaya. Misali:
1. “Gidan da babu Ai maraya”
Wannan Karin Magana ce mai ɗauke da hoton suna na mace, domin isar da saƙon matsayi da kirari ga mata “A’i, suna ne na yanka da Hausawa suka samo daga Larabawa sanadiyar tasirin shigarsu cikin addinin musulunci. Haƙiƙanin sunan shi ne “A’ishatu”, amma Hausawa sukan taƙaita sunan ne da “A’i” ko “Shatu” a al’adance. Ita wannan Karin Magana ta na nuna matsayin mace ne a cikin al’umma da kuma bayyana muhimmancinta, a kimtsin gidan kowane Bahaushe. A Karin Maganar ana nuna cewa duk gidan da babu “A’i” to wannan gida ba kammalalle ba ne, saboda yana da rauni kamar yadda maraya yake da rauni na fuskantar matsalar maraici. A gani na an yi amfani da sunan “A’i” a Karin Maganar ne domin matsayin sunan ga al’umma, amma abun da saƙon ke nufi shi ne, duk gidan da babu matar aure to komai kyansa da girmansa to wannan gidan yana da rauni. Hausawa na cewa “Mata iyayen gida”.
Asalin “A’isha” suna ne na matar Manzon Allah (SAW). A’isha (RA) mace ce wadda take tsananin son mijinta wato, Manzon Allah (SAW) kuma shima yake son ta. Tana da tsintsar ladabi da biyayya, kuma ga ta kyakkyawa mai kyakkyawar tarbiya, tana da ilimi mai zurfin gaske a ɓangaren Shari’ar Musulunci daban-daban. Manzon Allah (SAW) ya nuna zurfin iliminta, a inda ya ce wa Sahabbai “Ku karɓi rabin Iliminku ga wannan ‘yar Jar Yarinyar”. Sahabbai sun kasance suna tambayar ta a kan ilmoma daban-daban har da ilimin rabon gado. Kuma ƙwararrace a kan ilimin lissafi. Manzon Allah (SAW) yana kiran ta da sunan soyayya “Aysh”. Don haka A’isha mace ce kammalalla wadda ta tattaro komai da komai. Da wannan matsayin na ta ne Hausawa suke cewa “Duk gidan da babu A’i Maraya ne”
2. “Gaba ta kai ni gobarar Titi”
Wannan Karin Magana tana ɗauke da hoton sunan mace, na yanka, duk da yake ba sunan Hausawa ba ne, an gina Karin Maganar Hausawa a kansa.
“Gobara dai tana nufin bala’in cin wuta ya faɗa wa mutum ko wuri ya jawo hasarar dukiya ko wata iri. Labarin da ya gina kalamin, an ce ya kasance kamar haka: Wata rana Titi ta yi gobara a birnin Jos, wadda ta cinye mata gida da duk abin da ta tara na dukiya. Ta yi kuka har ta gaji saboda baƙin ciki, daga baya jama’ar gari suka yi tarbace aka tara mata dukiya mai yawan gaske. Da wannan dukiya Titi ta sayi sabon gida, wanda ya fi wanda gobarar ta cinye. Dukiyar da wuta ta lashe ta mayar da ita, linkin ba linki, har da ƙari. Wannan ya sa Titi farin ciki, ta dinga faɗar, ai ni gara da aka yi wannan gobara, domin gaba ta kai ni “(Malumfashi da Nahuche, 2014:90).
Idan aka nazarci wannan Karin Maganar da bayaninta da kyau za a ga irin yadda mata suka siffantu da taimakon juna da kuma kara da tausayi.
3. “Mata in baku ba gida”.
Wannan Karin Magana ce mai ɗauke da hoton sunan mace, domin isar da saƙon kirari da matsayin mata.
“Mata” Jam’i ne, na jinsin, tilonsa shi ne mace. Mata suna ne gama gari na jinsin mata, da ake kiran kowace mace da shi.
Wannan Karin Magana tana ƙunshe da saƙon matsayi da muhimmancin mata ga kowace al’umma. Hoton Karin Maganar ya nuna cewa ba gidan da ke kafuwa kuma ya ɗore ba tare da mata a cikinsa ba.
A nan an yi wa mata kirari da cewa duk gidan da babu su, to ba gida ne ba. Wannan kuwa haka yake domin a al’adar Hausawa, suna ƙyamar irin wannan gida, kuma suna guje wa shigarsa. Sannan suna kiransa da cewa; “Gidan Maza ne”, domin a ƙaurace masa. Amma idan akwai mata mazauna gidan babu shakka za a yi hulɗa da ma’amala da gidan, ba tare da fargaba ba. Masu iya magana suna cewa “Riƙon gida sai mata”.
4. “Adashen Balaraba”
Karin Maganar na ɗauke da hoton sunan mace, kuma suna ne na laƙabi watau, “Balaraba” sunan ya samo asali ne daga wadda duk aka haifa a ranar Laraba/Larabgana.
“Ita dai Balaraba ta ga matan Unguwa suna shirya adashe, aka taya mata sai ta ji kunyar ta ce ba ta yi don ka da a ga kasawarta, sai ta yarda za ta yi duk da ya ke ta san ba ta iya zubi don ba ta da sukuni kamar sauran matan. Don haka da lokacin zubi ya yi sai ta aiki ‘yar ta maƙwabta ta ranto mata kuɗi sai ta zuba in wani loacin zubi ya zo sai ta sake aikawa wajen wasu daban a ranto mata ta zuba. Haka ta ɗaura yi har ta kai ga kwasa. Da ta kwashi adashe sai ta rarrabawa waɗanda take amso bashin hannunsu tana zubin adashe ita ko ta tashi wayyam sai yarta ta ce to ke inna baki samu ba, ta ce ba dai mun shiga muma an yi da mu ba” (Koko, 2011:23).
Baya ga hoton suna, wannan Karin Maganar tana ɗauke da saƙon yadda wasu mata suke shiga harkar da ta fi karfinsu, da ma wadda ba za ta amfane su ba, don ɗai gasa da kuma son kar a gano kasawarsu.
Bugu da ƙari, wannan Karin Magana na ɗauke da hoton tattalin arzikin ƙasa na gargajiya wanda mata suke taka rawa akan sa.
5. “Saurin Tagumbi”
Karin Magana tana ɗauke da hoton sunan mace na laƙabi ne, wadda a ka danganta da garinsu watau “Gumbi” “Wani ne ke da mata huɗu, amma ya fi son amarya daga cikinsu, watau Tagumbi. Ana cikin wannan hali sai lokacin yankan shinkafa ya kama. Mijin ya fi son Tagumbi ta fi sauran matan samun shinkafa mai yawa, don haka sai ya bari sai ranar kwananta sai ya ce mata ta je gona gobe tun da safe ta fara yankan shinkafa kafin sauran matan su zo don ta samu rabo mai yawa. Amma sauran matan sai da safe ya gaya masu lokacin Tagumbi ta daɗe da wucewa gona. Sauri ba sauri ba don ko da Tagumbi ta isa a gona sai ta tuna ba ta ɗauko laujen da za ta yi amfani da shi wajen yanka shinkafa ba. Don haka sai ta koma gida ta ɗauko, kafin ta dawo sauran matan sun iso gona har sun yanke shinkafa mai yawa. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana idan mutum ya mance wani abu mai muhimmanci wajen sauri, wanda idan babu wannan abun to saurin ya zama na banza kenan” (Koko, 2011:80).
6. “Adashen Uwar Nuhu”
Ita ma wannan Karin Magana ce da take ɗauke da hoton sunan mata na kinaya, watau, “Uwar Nuhu” Kuma tana ɗauke da al’adar buki.
Akwai wata mace da ake kira “Uwar Nuhu”, wadda ta shiga adashe irin na mata. Da shigarta sai ta yi sa’a aka ba ta kwasar fari. Da lokacin zubi ya yi aka zo karɓa don a haɗa aba wata sai ta ce ita ta fita adashen tuntuni. To duk wanda aka yi wa abin arziki lokacin ramawa ya yi ya kasa taɓuka komai sai a ce ya yi adashen uwar Nuhu. Yawanci mata suka fi amfani da wannan Karin Magana, musamman wajen rikicin biyan buki” (Koko 2011:80).
Haka kuma tana nuna yadda Hausawa suke da haɗin kai na ƙarfafa tattalin arziki ta hanyar adashi.
7. “Rufin kan Uwar Daɗi. Gabanta babu kariya”.
Wannan Karin Magana tana ɗauke da hoton sunan mata na kinaya, wato “uwar daɗi” da kuma saƙon kuskuren da ta yi.
“Uwar daɗi” wata dattijiya ce mai tsananin sakarci wato rana ta fito za ta je maƙwabta daga ita sai zane ga gaba ba kallabi ba mayafi. Sai kawai ga surukinta tare da abokansa sun doso wajenta, can gefe kuma ga taron jama’a suna zaune suna hira. Da ta ga sun yi ido huɗu da surukinta cikin wannan hali, sai kunya ta kama ta. Saboda haka sai ta cire zanen gaban surukinta watau sai ta yi rufin ɗuwawun ‘yan bori.
Don haka duk wanda ya bar wani abu mafi dacewa ya yi a kasarinsa da zaton ya fi kyau sai a yi amfani da wannan Karin Maganar a nuna masa sakarcin da ya yi” (Koko, 2011:78).
8. “Yin Kunnen Uwar Shegu”
Jima’i ba tare da aure ba, abu ne da al’adar Bahaushe ta ƙyamata, don haka abin kunya ne mace ta haifu ba tare da aure ba. Tabbas! Abin zunɗe ne ga macen da ta haifu ba tare da aure ba. Idan ana zancenta dole ne ta ƙyale, ta yi kamar ba da ita ake ba.
Wannan Karin Magana ita ma tana ɗauke da hoton sunan mace na kinaya watau “uwar shegu”. Watsar da mutum a lokacin da yake magana. Haka kuwa yakan faru ne idan wanda aka yi wa maganar ransa ya ɓaci ko kuma ba shi da sha’awa a cikin zancen. Idan mutum ya yi shiru bai kula ba, kamar ba da shi ake magana ba, to a nan ya yi kunnen uwar shegu ke nan. Domin wataƙila haka uwar shegu take yi a lokacin da waɗansu mutane suke yi da ita a game da cikin shege da ta yi (Yunusa, 1989: 39).
9. “Faɗan Gwaggo a ƙofa”
Ita ma wannan Karin Magana tana ɗauke da sunan mace na kinaya da ake yi wa iyaye mata wato, “Gwaggo” “Faɗa a nan ya shafi ta yar da jijiya ta fuskar zage-zage ko ɓacin rai. Gwaggo kuwa sunan ‘yan uwar uwace a Hausa ko wata dattijuwar mata. Kofa kuma wani ɗan ƙauye ne kilomita 62 a kan hanyar Kano da Zariya.
An ce wai wata rana Gwaggo ta je Kano sayayya, sai yaran birni suka yi mata a tire, ta kasa ce masu uffan don tsoron kada su bubbuge ta, sai da ta ta dawo gida kofa, ta shiga balbalin bala’i, tana zagin yaran birni, shi ne wasu da suka tambaye ta dalilin faɗan, ta gaya masu, suka fashe da dariya, suna cewa me ya sa ba ta yi faɗan ba a Kano sai da ta dawo gida Ƙofa, wato aikin banza ke nan” (Malumfashi da Nahuche, 2014: 94). Waɗannan kaɗan ke nan daga cikin Karin Maganar Hausawa waɗanda suke ɗauke da hoton sunan mata a Karin Magana.
4.2.2 HOTON MATA NA MATAKAN RAYUWARSU
Wannan gaɓa tana ɗauke ne da wasu hotunan mata a matakan rayuwarsu daban-daban. Wato, daga haihuwa zuwa tsufa, kamar haka:
A Hoton ‘ya (Ɗiya)
Misali
i. “Ana tsorona ni da Iya, inji Ɗiyar Mayya”.
Wannan hoton ‘ya mace ne, wanda yake nuna cewa, wasu ɗiya mata sukan tashi da alfahari tun suna ƙananansu, game da al’adar gidansu, ko kuma matsayin gidansu.
Bunza, A.M (2006: 103) ya bayyana ma’anar maita kamar haka:
“Maita” ɗabi’a ce ko aiki, sunan mai aikata ɗabi’ar, ko aikata aikin, “Maye”, a matsayin tilo, “Mayu” a matsayin jam’i, jam’in na ɗaukar ma’anar namiji ko mace, amma tilo na mace shi ne, “Mayya”. Na ɗan yi hasashen gano asalin kalmar; “Maita” da dangantakar ta da kalmar “Maye”, na fahimci kalmar tantagaryar Hausa ce, ba ta da alaƙa da kowane irin halshe da ba Hausa ba”.
Wannan ya na nuna cewa al’adar maita da ɗaɗɗa ce kuma sananna ce a ƙasar Hausa.
ii. Muna ga Rasulu, Ɗiyar Boka ta rasa Miji.
Wannan hoton ‘ya mace ne, kuma ɗiyar boka. Wadda mata suke mamakin ta rasa miji. A al’adar Bahaushe an yarda cewa boka ya shahara da bayar da maganin farin jini, amma sai ga ya an rasa sa a gidansa.
Wannan Karin Magana a kan yi amfani da ita ga duk abun da ya faru, ba tare da ana tsammanin faruwarsa ba.
iii. Darajar ‘Ya Mace Ɗakin Aure.
Wannan Karin Magana hoton ‘ya mace ne, wanda yake nuna wurin da darajarta take, wato, ɗakin aure. A al’ummar Hausawa akan girmama mata ne kawai, idan har suna da aure. Wannan Karin Magana tana nuna darajar aure.
iv. Wahala tana ga mai ɗiya tara mata, ya saida biyar ya yi wa huɗu aure.
Wannan Karin Magana hoton ɗiya mata ne, wanda yake nuna wahalar da ke cikin tarbiyyarsu da kulawa da su. A ƙasar Hausa, aurarwa na da matuƙar wahala ga wanda yake da ɗiya mata, shi yasa a wannan Karin Maganar ake tausaya wa mai ɗiya tara mata. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ga duk wanda yake da wata ɗawainiya mai nauyi wadda ba makawa sai ya yi ta.
v. “ ‘Ya Mace ‘Yar Kashe Gida”.
Wannan hoton ‘Ya Mace ne, wanda yake nuna kasawarta wajen raya gida. Wannan Karin Magana ta kalli ‘ya mace ne, a matsayin wadda ake ɗawainiya da ita, amma kuma ita ba ta taka wata rawa wajen cigaban tattalin arzikin gidan. Kuma Karin Maganar tana nuna cewa mata ba su tsayawa a gidan uwayensu. Sukan yi aure ne, su tare gidan mazajensu, saboda haka idan su ɗai aka haifa a gidan, kenan za a bar gidan ba kowa.
Amma a gani na, wannan Karin Magana ta kalli mace ne a karkace, duk da yake dai “Mata suna suka tara”.
B. Hoton Yarinya
Misali:
i. Ƙwalama Yarinya ce, Tun Tana Ƙarama ake Tausarta:
Wannan Karin Magana hoton Yarinya ne da aka siffanta da ƙwalama, domin a nuna cewa yarinya mai karkata ce zuwa ga abun da take gani zai mata daɗi, sai Karin Maganar ta nuna cewa, tun a wannan lokaci ne ya kamata a daidaita tunaninta. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana wajen yin gargaɗi ga duk wani mai take-take yin abin da ba zai fisshe shi ba, da ya haƙura da shi tun farko.
ii. Yarinya Farkonta Maɗaci, Ƙarshenta Zuma: Wannan hoton yarinya ne, da yake nuna irin wahalhalun da ke tattare da tarbiyyarta, tare da bayyana cewa idan aka yi hakuri aka dage ga ba ta tarbiyya, to za a ci amfaninta, ƙwarai da gaske.
iii. Ya Kamata Auren Na Gida, Yarinya da ta ga wanta da kuɗi: Wannan hoton yarinya ne da yake nuna cewa wasu mata sukan tashi da ɗabi’ar kwaɗayi ne tun suna ƙananansu. Kamar yadda wannan yarinya ta ga ya dace ta auri na gida, amma fa don kuɗinsa.
C. Hoton ‘Yammata
Misali:
i. Aure Yaƙin ‘Yammata
Wannan hoton ‘yammata ne da ke bayyana jarumtakarsu. “Kusan a wurin sha’anin aure ne kaɗai, mata suka fi maza yin harka da kazar-kazar, sukan kai, su komo suyi nan su yi can, suna ta wahala iri-iri ta kuɗi da ta jiki, su ne kamun amarya da kamun ango, kai wa amarya da kaiwa ango, kai kaya da yin jeren ɗaki da dai sauransu. Don haka, aure da duk wahallinsa suka zama yaƙin mata” (Yunusa, 1989:81).
ii. “Duniyar Rawar “Yammata:
Wannan hoton ‘yammata ne, “Munsha ganin yadda waɗansu a da su ba komai ba ne, sun zo sun zama wani abu. Waɗanda kuma a da su ne waɗansu abi, kuma sun zamo ba komai ba…………….. “ (Yunusa, 1989:11).
iii. “Bakinka Naka, Inji “Yammatan Birni
Wannan hoton ‘yan matan birni ne, dake nuna cewa ba su faye son a tsoma masu baki a cikin harkokinsu ba, balle a ce za a yi masu gyara a cikin kurakuransu.
D. Hoton Budurwa
i. Duniya Budurwar Wawa:
Wannan hoton budurwa ne. An kamanta ta da duniya wadda kowa ke ribibi yake son ta. Amma Karin Maganar yana nuna cewa, wawa na ruɗuwa da budurwa kamar yadda yake ruɗuwa da duniya, sai dai duk basu da tabbas.
ii. Don Kaga Budurwa Bana Da Kyau, Ta Baɗi Ta Fi Ta.
Wannan hoton budurwa ne, da yake nuna cigaban da ake samu da sauyawar halayyarsu da wayewarsu lokaci bayan lokaci.
iii. Rashin Haƙuri Yasa Budurwa Ta Yi Ciki
Wannan hoton budurwa ne, amma ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne ga wanda ya gaggautar da samun abu ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, alhali da ya yi haƙuri zai samu abun ta hanyar da ta dace.
E. HOTON ZAWARA
Misali:
i. Auren baya shi ne Sadakin na gaba
Wannan hoton zawara ne. “Haƙiƙa! Irin halayen kirki da mace ta nuna a aurenta na baya su ne za su sa ta sami aure da wuri, kuma a cikin sauƙi. To, amma idan ta nuna halaye marasa kyau a aurenta na baya, to, zai yi mata wuya ta sami miji na gari, kuma cikin sauƙi. Namiji ma haka”, (Yunusa, 1989:4).
ii. Bazawara Uwar Son Banza
Wannan hoton zawara ne, da yake nuna halayyarta ta son abin banza, da kuma son yin ƙwaruwa.
iii. Jinkirin Jin kira, bazawara jiran karsa.
Wannan hoton zawara ne, da yake nuna irin yadda take jiraye da son aure, da kuma naci akan irin wanda ta ke so.
Abin da ake nufi da kalmar “Karsa” ita ce: Namiji wanda ya yi aure, wato wanda yake da wata mata.
iv. Son Kira Sai Kace Bazawara
Wannan hoton bazawara ne, da yake nuna irin yadda take tsananin son maza su kira ta, domin su yi zance da ita ko su yi mata kyauta ko su nemi aurenta.
F. Hoton Amarya
Misali:
i. Amarya ba kya laifi, ko kin kashe ɗan masu gida.
Wannan hoton amarya ne, Karin Maganar tana nuna irin yadda al’adun Hausawa suke game da ji da amarya, wato, irin yadda ake bata muhimmanci da nuna mata so, dangane da zamanta baƙuwa a gidan.
Ana amfani da wannan Karin Maganar ne, domin yi wa sababbin mata “Amare” kirari ne a gidan mazansu.
ii. a. Idan Amarya Bata Hau Doki Ba, Ba A Aza Mata Kaya.
b. Idan Amarya Ba Ta Hau Doki Ba, Ba Ta Ɗaukar Kaya
Wannan hoton amarya ne, da yake nuna matsayinta a cikin al’umma, da kuma yadda al’ada ta darajjata. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, kamar haka: “Idan ba a darajata abin da ya kamata a darajanta ba, to kowa bai, kamata a wulaƙanta shi ba” (Yunusa, 1989:4).
iii. Hira Sabuwa Amarya Ta Sake Miji:
Wannan hoton amarya ne, da yake nuna irin hirar da take yiwa angonta a daren aurensu. Kuma Karin Maganar na nuna cewa a duk lokacin da tayi sabon aure, to akwai sabuwar hira.
H. HOTON MACE MAI CIKI
Misali:
i. Duniya Mace Mai Ciki Ce, Ba A San Abun Da Zata Haifawa Ba.
Wannan hoton mace mai ciki ne, kuma an kamanta duniya da ita ne saboda su duka biyun watau macen da ita duniyan ba a san tabbacin abun da zai faru garesu a gaba ba. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne ga duk abun da aka ga farkon sa, amma ba a san yadda ƙarshen sa zai kasance ba.
ii. Ciki Daji Ne, Komai Yana Iya Haifawa.
Wannan hoton mace mai ciki ne, da yake nuna faɗin al’amarin sa da cewa komi yana haifawa, kuma aka kamanta shi da daji, wanda yake samar da tsirrai da itatuwa daban-daban. Wannan Karin Magana tana ƙarfafa ta gabanta ne.
G. HOTON MATAR AURE
Misali:
i. Matar mutum Kabarinsa
Wannan hoton matar aure ne, wanda yake nuna cewa ba wanda zai aure ta, sai mijin da aka ƙaddaro mata. An kamanta ta da kabari ne, kasancewar ba mai shiga kabarin wani sai nasa. To haka yake duk wanda a mijin mace shi za ta aura.
Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, wajen nuna cewa abu na tabbata ne yadda Allah ya tsara shi.
ii. Matar na tuba ba ta rasa miji
Wannan hoton matar aure ne, da yake nuna cewa ko yaushe mata sune ake dora wa laifi da kuma nauyin yin biyayya, Karin Maganar na bayyana cewa duk matar da ke ɗaukar laifinta da kuma tuba da yin biyayya ba za ta rabu da mijinta ba. Idan ko har sun rabu to ba za ta rasa wani miji ba, saboda wannan halin mata. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, ga duk mai yarda ga laifinsa da kuma neman afuwar al’umma akan kurakuransa, ba zai rabu da jama’a ba.
I. Hoton uwa
Misali:
i. A Rashin Uwa Akan Yi Uwar Ɗaki
Wannan hoton uwa ne da yake nuna cewa babu tamkarta kuma ba a neman tamkarta sai in ba ta kuma ba a maye gurbinta da wata. “Na yarda da wannan magana. Idan dai har mutum yana da mahaifiya, suna shiri, ya kuma yarda da ita, to, ba shakka ba zai nemi wata mace ta zama uwar ɗakinsa ba, ehe!! (Yunusa, 1989:4).
ii. Rana Ba Ta Ƙarya, Sai Dai Uwar Ɗiya Ta Ji Kunya.
Wannan hoton uwa ne, da yake nuna irin tanadinta akan shirye-shiryen bukukuwa. “Idan mutum ya ce zai yi ko za a yi wani abu ranar juma’a mai zuwa, to ba shakka, jumma’ar za ta zo kowa zai ga ko zai ji irin abin nan da ake ce za a yi. Sai dai idan ƙarya mutum ya gilla. To, amma kuma idan uwar ‘ya ta ce za a ɗaura wa ‘yar ta aure ranar lahadi, idan ranar ta zo aka kowa ɗaura, a nan ba ta yi ƙarya ba kenan. Ta faɗi gaskiya! Sai a yabe ta, a kuma yi mata tafi da guɗa, ayyurorai! a’hayye! (Yunusa, 1989:29).
iii. Uwa Gandun Daɗi
Wannan hoton uwa ne, da ke nuna yawan jin ɗaɗin da ɗiya ke yi da ita, har aka kamanta ta da gandu kai tsaye saboda yawan alhairinta, ga resu su ɗiyan.
iv. Uwa Mafi Uba, Koda Uban Sarki Ne.
Wannan hoton uwa ne da yake nuna matsayinta da fifikon darajarta a kan uba. Al’ada da addini duk sun yarda da cewa, uwaye mata suna da fifiko a kan uwaye maza ga ɗiyansu, komi matsayin uwaye maza a duniya.
v. Mai uwa Sarki, mai Uba Lamiɗo
Wannan hoton uwa ne, da yake nuna darajarta akan uba. Karin Maganar ta bayyana cewa wanda ke da uwa matsayinsa ɗaya da Sarki, shi kuwa mai uba yana matsayin lamiɗo. A al’adar sarautar ƙasar Hausa, Sarki na gaba ga Lamiɗo, Lamiɗo kuwa na ƙarƙashin sarki.
J. Hoton Kaka
Misali:
i. Kakarsa Ta Yanke Saƙa.
Idan an yanke saƙa kuma aka sayar da ita, za a sami abin ɓatarwa, wato kuɗin biyan buƙatocin rayuwa.
Wannan hoton kaka ne, da yake danganta ta da sana’ar saƙa da kuma alaƙarta da jikoki “Saƙa” daɗaɗɗiyar sana’a ce a ƙasar Hausa ta saƙa tufafi, kuma ana amfani da wannan Karin Maganar ne, domin nuna an sami nasara a wani abu, sannan kuma an adana tarihi da al’ada a hikimance” (Gwammaja, 2010: Juz 3:54).
ii. Ta Fi Babu, Kakar Wajen Uba
Wannan hoton kaka ne da ya keɓance ɓangaran uba. Wannan Karin Maganar tana nuna irin halin rashin kulawa da wasu kakannin wajen Uba ke nunawa ga jikokinsu, a al’adar Bahaushe ba kamar takwarorinsu na wajen uwa ba.
K. Hoton Tsofaffi
Misali:-
i. Ba Faɗa Da Tsofuwa Ba, Jinini
Wannan hoton tsohuwa ne, da yake nuna ɗabi’un wasu ko ince mafi yawancin tsofaffi a kan jinini da ke garesu dangane da wani abu da aka yi masu.
ii. Jiya Ba Yau Ba, Tsohuwa Ta Tuna Tsarince.
Wannan hoton tsohowa ne da yake nuna ɗabi’arta ta tuna baya. Ibrahim (1982:171:3) ya bayyana tsarince kamar haka: “Dangane da tsarin zamantakewa, maguzawa kan yi al’adar nan ta tsarince inda saurayi zai je gidansu budurwarsa, ko ita budurwar ta je gidansu saurayinta. A wannan lokacin iyayensu kan ba su ɗakin da za su riƙa kwana tare tun daga kwana daga ɗaya har zuwa uku”.
Duk da haka, wannan al’ada ta tsarince takan gudana tsakanin saurayi da budurwa ba tare da sun sadu da juna ba, ta hanyar jima’i ko da sun share kwana da kwanakki a cikin ɗaki ɗaya, saboda kunya da kawaici irin na Bahaushe tun zamanin maguzanci.
iii. Muraran muraran, ganin Annabin Tsohuwa.
Wannan hoton tsohuwa ne da yake bayyana irin yadda tsofaffi suke ƙwanƙwance abu ta hanyar ƙwalailaice kamarsa da kuma lokacin faruwarsa. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne a lokacin da mutum ya ga abu ɓaro-ɓaro ba tare da wani shamaki ba.
L. Hoton Jinsin Mata
Misali:
i. Mata Suna Suka Tara:
Wannan hoton jinsin mata ne gaba ɗaya daga jinjiransu har zuwa tsofaffinsu. Karin Maganar na nuna cewa jinsinsu ɗaya ne, manyansu da ƙanansu, amma halayensu daban-daban suke. Wato ba a taru aka zama ɗaya ba.
ii. Mata Haja Ne, Kowa Da Tayin Da Ya Karɓe Ta
Wannan hoton jinsin mata ne da yake nuna cewa darajarsu mataki-mataki ce, kowa da irin matsayinta ko darajarta ko baiwarta, kuma akan mu’amalance ta ne daidai matsayinta.
Saboda haka abun da yake yi wa wata ba ya yi wa wata.
iii. Ciwon Mace Na Mace Ne:
Wannan hoton jinsin mata ne, da yake nuna haɗin kansu da kariyar jinsinsu, da goyon bayan junansu, da kuma haɗuwa akan shawara da junansu, kuma Karin Maganar na nuna cewa suna da wani sirri wanda ya keɓanta tsakanin jininsu kawai, ba su gaya wa kowa sai jinsinsu.
4.2.3 HOTON MATA NA NAƘƘASAR HALITTA
Ƙarƙashin wannan gaɓa, za a kawo wasu hotuna na mata naƙasassu da Karin Magana ta ɗauka kamar haka:
A. Hoton Gurguwa
Misali:
i. Dole a zo, ɗaki ya faɗawa gurguwa da ɗan masu gida
Wannan hoto ne na gurguwa. Kuma yana nuna cewa gurguwa mai buƙatar taimako ce, don haka a al’adance akan tausaya mata ko don dole. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin nuna aikata abun da ya zama dole a aikata shi.
ii. Dabara Ƙafa, Inji Kishiyar Gurguwa
Wannan hoton gurguwa ne da kishiyarta, wanda kishiyar ke nuna mata cewa ba ta iya gasa da ita. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne a duk lokacin da ake son a nuna cewa, kowa tasa ta fisshe sa.
iii. Wasar Kokawa Ba Na Gurguwa Ba Ne.
Wannan hoton gurguwa ne, wanda ake nuna kasawarta na cewa ba za ta iya kokawa ba. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, domin a wa mutum shaguɓe ko gugar zana da cewa ba zai iya wani abu ba.
B. HOTON MAKAUNIYA
Misali
i. Cin Ƙwan Makauniya
Wannan hoton makauniya ne. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne ga duk abun da ya ƙi ci, ya ƙi canye wa, domin kuwa shi cin ƙwan makauniya ma’anarsa ita ce, ita bata cinye ba, ita bata ba wani ba.
C. Hoton Kurma
Misali:
i. Ɗoki! Kurma Ta Ga Miji
Wannan hoton kurma ne, da yake nuna irin halayyarta na nuna wa da kuma tsananin ko rawar jiki domin son mijinta, ko kuma son ta ga ana zance da ita, kamar yadda ake yi da masu ji. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, ga duk wani mai rawar jiki ga son samun wani abu, ko faruwar wani abu.
ii. Kurman Mata, Ba Ta Maza Ba.
Wannan hoton kurma ne, da yake, nuna ƙarancin farin jininta ga maza, wato maza ba su cika son auren kurma ba. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, domin nuna wani abu uwanda bai sami karɓuwa ba ga wasu. Dalili kuwa shi ne, saboda ita ta na da tawayar halitta da naƙasun hankali. Kuma bata iya bada hirar da maza ke sha’awar jin daɗin saurare ba.
D. Hoton Kuturwa
Misali:
i. Ta-Ta-Ta Kuturwa Zuwa Baraya
Wannan hoton kuturwa ne da yake nuna raunin tafiyar ta wurin amsa kiran miji. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin nuna cewa, wani yana yin abu saɓanin yadda mutane ke yi.
E. Hoton Mahaukaciya
i. A Rina An Saci Zanen Mahaukaciya.
Wannan hoton mahaukaciya ne, ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, domin nuna cewa akwai wani ɓoyayyen abu wanda aka zargi kafin ya bayyana.
ii. In Til In Ƙwal, Rinin Mahaukaciya
Wannan hoton mahaukaciya ne, da yake nuna halinta na ko-in-kula. Watau da rininta da ya yi duhu da ya yi haske, duka ɗaya gareta. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin a nuna cewa babu zaɓi ga duk abin da zai kasance.
iii. Ina Ruwan Wani Da Wani, Mahaukaciya Ta Yi Baƙuwa.
Wannan hoton mahaukaciya ne da yake ƙara tababtar da halinta na ko-in-kula. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin a nuna wanda bai kula da wanda bai kula da shi ba.
4.2.4 HOTON MATA NA AL’ADU
Wannan gaɓa tana ɗauke da hoton mata na wasu al’adun da suka shahara da su a ƙasar Hausa.
A. Hoton Al’adun Aure
Misali:
i. Allah Ya Yi Abin Aure Da Maras Kwabo.
Wannan hoton mata ne da ke nuna aure tare da bayyana cewa mata ba su cika son auren talaka ba. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne ga wanda ake ganin da wuya ya samu wani abu, amma sai a ga ya samin shi.
ii. Farawa Da Iyawa Amarya Da Ragga/ Tsumma.
Wannan hoton al’adar aure ne da ke nuna cewa amarya da sababbin tufafi aka santa, har idan ko ta yi amarci da ragga. To alama ce ta hangen cewa za ta sha wahala. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne ga wanda tun farkon lamari ya nuna kasawarsa da gazawarsa.
iii. Abin Da Kamar Wuya, Gurguwa Da Aure Nesa.
Wannan hoton al’adar aure ne da yake nuna cewa ga al’ada mawuyacin abu ne a aurar da gurguwa a garin da yake nesa da na iyayenta, saboda da naƙasar halittarta. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin nuni ga abin da da wahala ya kasance.
B. Hoton Al’adun Haihuwa
Misali:
i. Haihuwa Asusun Uwa, Randa Ta Fasa Ta ga Riba.
Wannan hoton al’adar haihuwa ne, wanda ke nuna cewa haihuwa abu ce mai amfani ga mahaifiya, saboda irin taimako da jinƙan da take samu ga ‘ya’yanta a lokacin da suka girma.
ii. Duk Garajen Unguwar Zoma, Ta Bari A Haihu.
Wannan hoton al’adar haihuwa ne, tare da bayanin rawar da unguwar zoma take takawa, wajen karɓar haihuwa. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin muna cewa komai garajen mai garaje dolensa ya jira lokacin da abu zai faru ko ya kasance domin gaugawarsa ba za ta jawo abun zuwa kusa ba.
iii. Mata Ba Ku Haihuwa Ku Lashe Abin Ku.
Wannan hoton al’adar haihuwa ne, da yake nuna cewa mata suna wa junansu kara lokacin haihuwa da bayan an haihu ta hanyar taimaka masu da ɗawainiya da abun da aka haifa. Saɓanin dabbobi waɗanda suke sune lashe abin da suka haifa, kuma su kula da shi, ba tare da taimakon kowa ba.
Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, domin a nuna gatanci ga wanda yake da shi, da kuma abin da mutum ba shi ke wa kansa ba.
C. Hoton Al’adun bukukuwa
Misali:
i. Abun Buki Na Buki Ne
Wannan hoton al’adar buki ne da ke nuna cewa duk abin da aka tara domin gudanar da buki, to ana ɓatar da shi ne a cikin bukin, kuma duk abin da aka tanada don buki to ana rabar da shi ne ga mahalarta bukin.
Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, na cewa duk abin da aka tanada don wani abu to ana amfani da shi ne domin wannan abin.
ii. Ɓalangandi Bukin Dangin Miji
Wannan hoton al’adar buki ne, da yake nuna rashin muhimmancin bukin dangin miji ga mata. Wai suna ganin cewa su ba kowa ba ne ga wannan harkar, ko kuma ba su ɗauke ta da muhimamnci ba. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin nuna cewa mutum rabe yake kawai ga wata harka, amma ba ya da wani cikakken ƙarfi ko iko a cikin ta.
iii. Ganin Waɗa Yi Sallah Gidan Buki
Wannan hoton al’adar buki ne da yake nuna rashin muhimmancin da mata ke ba sallah a gidan buki, da kuma gasa, da kuma rashin kiyaye ƙa’idojinta, ko kuma yin ta don ganin ido, da sauransu.
Ma’anar wannan Karin Magana shi ne: Kushe gasar mai gasa ta hanyar shaguɓe a lokacin da a ka ga ya na gudanar da wani abun da ba a saba ganin yana yin sa ba, don ya ga ana yi.
D. Hoton Al’adun Reno da Tarbiya
Misali
i. Uwa Maba ɗa Mama
Wannan hoton al’adar reno ce da yake nuna cewa uwa mace kaɗai ce ke shayar da ɗiyanta su girma su rayu. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin jinjina ma uwa a matsayin matakin farko na tarbiyya.
ii. Uwa Maganin Kukan ɗa.
Wannan hoton al’adar reno ne da yake nuna cewa uwa ke maganin kukan ɗanta, domin ita ce ta fi sanin hanyoyin rarrashinsa da kuma biyan buƙatunsa.
iii. Rashin uwa Hasara ne.
Wannan hoton al’adar reno da tarbiyya ne, da yake nuna cewa duk wanda ya rasa uwa, to haƙiƙa ya rasa katafaren tushen reno da tarbiyya.
Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin a nuna rasa jigon abu, ba ƙaramar matsala bace ga mutum.
E. Hoton Al’adar Maita
Misali:
i. Abin Wani Abu Ne, Mayya Da Ta Ci Ɗan Jariri.
Wannan hoton mayya ne da yake nuna al’adar maita. Hausawa sun yarda da al’adar maita, kuma sun tabbatar da cewa akwai ta. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin nuna cewa, abin da ya faru ba wani abin da za a kulawa da shi ba ne. Kamar yadda mayya take gani cewa cinye ɗan jariri ba wani abu ba ne.
ii. Idan Mayya Ta Manta Ai Uwar Ɗa Ba Ta Manta Ba.
Wannan hoton al’adar maita ne. “Idan wanda ya yi laifi ya manta, wanda aka yi wa laifin ai bai manta ba” (Yunusa, 1989:15).
iii. Bari Mu Taɓa Muji, Mayya Ta Je Karɓar Haihuwa.
Wannan hoton al’adar maita ne da yake nuna cewa mayyu ba su da amana, domin kuwa ko da inda aka amince masu sai sun gwada sa’arsu.
F. Hoton Al’adar Karuwanci
Misali
i. Da Auren Karuwa Gara Kiwon Zakara.
Wannan hoton karuwa ne da al’adar karuwanci. Wannan Karin Magana tana nuna yadda al’ummar Hausawa suka ƙyamaci al’adar karuwanci, saboda rashin tsayawarta wuri guda shi ne gidan aure. Kuma sun fifita kiwon zakara akan aurenta ne, saboda shi zakara komi nisan kiwon sa da marece zai dawo gida, amma ita ta bar gidan baya gaba ɗaya.
ii. Karuwa Kwata Ce, Ba Ta Tarar Nagari, Da Jaki Da Kare Da Doki Duk Nata Ne.
Wannan hoton karuwanci ne da yake siffanta karuwa da ƙazanta, wadda ke ɗauke da nau’in abubuwan ƙyama daban-daban saboda rashin kamun kanta, da rashin tsabtar halayyarta.
iii. Sai Ka Yi Tayi Sababbe, Karuwa Ta Ji Mai Wa’azi.
Wannan hoton karuwanci ne da yake nuna halayyar karuwa na rashin son a faɗa mata gaskiya da kuma ƙyamar ta ji wa’azi. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, domin a nuna wa mai magana cewa, ba a ɓuƙatar sauraren maganarsa.
G. Hoton Mata na Al’adar Mu’amala da Bokaye
Misali:
i. Da ba don mata ba da kasuwar boka ba ta ci ba.
Wannan hoton al’adar mu’amala da bokaye, wanda wasu mata ke yi domin neman biyan buƙatunsu na yau da kullum. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, domin a nuna cewa, ba don wani abu ba da wani abu ba zai faru ba.
H. Hoton Mata na Al’adar Takaba
Misali
i. Tsautsayin takaba aure da majinyaci
Wannan hoton al’adar takaba ne, wanda ke nuna cewa tsautsayi ne na takaba ke sa mace ta ƙulla aure da majinyaci, domin kuwa ana hasashen mutuwarsa a kowane lokaci. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne ga wanda ya kutsa kansa cikin abin da ake ganin ƙarshensa ba zai yi kyau ba, ko ba za a ci amfaninsa ba.
ii. Sallallahu Sanyyi Ƙalau, mai takaba ta ba da waƙa.
Wannan hoton mai takaba ne. A al’ada da addini “takaba” lokacin juyayi ne ga mace akan rasuwar mijinta, saboda haka wannan hoton yana mamaki yadda mai takaba take sakin jiki, har ta ba da waƙa. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin a nuna mamaki ga wanda ya aikata abin da bai dace ya aikata ba.
iii. Ga mu ga Allah, mai takaba ta taka Gawa
Wannan hoton mai takaba ne da ke nuna tana cikin juyayi na kewar mijinta, kuma sai ga abin tsoro ya same ta na taka gawa. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne ga wanda yana cikin juyayin wani abu, sai kuma wani abin damuwa ya ƙara samunsa.
I. Hoton Mata na Al’adar Guɗa.
Misali
i. Guɗa Sarewar Mata.
Wannan hoton al’adar guɗa ne wanda mata suka ɗauka a matsayin sarewarsu, wato, sauti ne wanda ya bambantasu da jinsin maza.
j. Hoton mata na al’adar Tafi da Bugun Cinya
Misali:
i. Katattara kalangaun Mata
Wannan hoto ne da yake nuna al’adar buga cinya, wanda mata suka ɗabi’antu da shi.
ii. Tafe-Tafe Aikin Mata
Wannan hoton al’adar tafe-tafe ne wanda ke nuna cewa, mata suka al’adantu da shi, a cikin ɗabi’un su.
k. Hoton Mata na Al’adar Zumunci
Misali
i. Ɗan uwa Rabin Jiki
Wannan hoton al’adar zumunta ce wadda aka danganta ta da uwa, domin nuna cewa mata su suka fi riƙo da zumunta. “A wannan Karin Maganar ana nuna zumunci yana da kyau, kuma Bahaushe mutum ne mai zumunci a al’adance, shi yasa ya bayyana ɗan uwansa a matsayin wani sashe ne na jikin sa, saboda zumunci da son juna”. (Gwammaja, 2010: J:3:52).
ii. Da ka zama ƙanin Alhaji, Gwamma ka zama ƙanin Hajiya
Wannan hoton al’adar zumunta ne da yake nuna yadda mata suka fi riƙo da zumunta, da kuma kulawa da ‘yan uwansu.
4.2.5 HOTON WASU SANA’O’IN MATA
Wannan gaɓa na ɗauke da jerin hoton karin maganganu masu nuna wasu sana’o’in gargajiya na mata.
A. Hoton Sana’ar Kitso
Misali
i. Gunnusuru Tusar Makitsiya
Wannan hoton mata ne da yake nuna sana’a.
B. Hoton Sana’ar Koda (Sussuka)
i. Mai Koda Ba Ta Son Maikoda
Wannan hoton mata ne na sana’ar koda (sussuka). Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne wajen nuna kishin sana’a na cewa mutum bai cika son a kwaikwayi sana’arsa ba, kuma akan yi habaici da wannan Karin Magana.
ii. Sussuka Ɗaka Shiƙa Ɗaka.
Wannan hoton mata ne na sana’ar sussuka. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne a lokacin da ake son gudanar da wani abu tsakanin makusanta ko dangi ko masoya, wato harka ‘yar gida kenan.
iii. Ƙaiƙai ya koma kan masheƙiya.
Wannan hoton mata ne da yake nuna sana’ar sussuka (koda) domin abin da aka tace shi ne ƙaiƙai, kuma mai koda ita ce a masheƙiya. Akan yi shiƙar ƙaiƙayi ne bayan sussuka. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne a duk lokacin da sheri ya koma ga wanda ya ƙulla shi.
C. Hoton Sana’ar Saƙa
Misali:-
i. Kakarsa ta yanke saƙa:
Wannan hoton mata ne na sana’ar saƙa. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne a nuna cewa abu ya yi daɗi watau an samu abin da ake so kamar dai yadda bayani ya gabata a hoton kaka. A la’adar Bahaushe kakanni na ji da jikokinsu, saboda haka duk ranar da suka kammala saƙarsu, sukan sha daɗi tare da jikokinsu a wannan ranar.
D. Hoton Sana’ar Kiwo
Misali:
i. Kowa Da Kiwon Da Ya Karɓe Shi, Kishiyar Mai Akuya Da Kiwon Kura.
Wannan hoton mata ne na sana’ar kiyo. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne a fagen kishi da kuma nuna cewa ba ruwan wani da wani, wato kowa tasa ta fisshe sa.
E. Hoton Sana’ar Adashe.
Misali:
i. Uwar Adashe Gwaggwon Rikici
Wannan hoton mata ne na sana’ar adashe. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin yin kirari ga mai adashe, da kuma nuna irin rikicin da wasu jagororin mata na adashe ke tabkawa. Hausawa kan ce “Adashe ba’a kwashe ka da kyau”.
F. Hoton Sana’ar Surfe (surhe)
Misali:
i. Cas! Surhen Dawar Lami
Wannan hoton mata ne na sana’ar surhe. Surhe sana’a ce ta daka hatsi sama-sama domin cire dussa, wani lokaci ma har ana wanke ƙasari daga hatsin. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne wajen yaba aikin da aka yi da hankali kuma ya haifar da nagarta.
G. Hoton Sana’ar Ginin Tukwane da Makamantansu
Misali:-
i. Jakin Maginiya Sai ka ga dama akan ci kasuwa
Wannan hoton mata ne na sana’ar ginin tukwane da tuluna da shantulla da sauransu. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne wajen nuna cewa wani lamari ba zai tabbata ba sai da haɗin kan ginshiƙin tafiyar da al’amarin.
H. Hoton Sana’ar Tuwo-Tuwo
Misali:
i. To, inji mai tallar Tuwo-Tuwo
Wannan hoton mata ne na sana’ar tuwo-tuwo. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne ga wanda bai cika musunta irin shawarar da ake ba shi ba, da kuma wanda bai da tabbacin me zai faru, ko mamaki na abun da ke gudana
I. Hoton Sana’ar Fura
Misali:
i. Ku Kuka sha ta, Furar Naito
Wannan hoton sana’ar fura ne da kuma sunan mace. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, a nuna wa mutum cewa shi ya san daɗin da ya ji ko kuma shi ya jawo wa kansa abin da ya same sa.
J. Hoton Sana’ar Ƙuli-Ƙuli
Misali:
i. Abu Namu Uwargijiyar Kyanwa Da Ƙuli-Ƙuli
Wannan hoton mata ne na sana’ar ƙuli-ƙuli. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin a nuna kusancin mutum ko cikakken ikon sa ga samun wani abu.
4.2.6 HOTON MATA NA ƊABI’U DA SAURAN HALAYE DABAN-DABAN
Wannan gaɓa tana ɗauke da shafin hoton ɗabi’u da sauran halaye daban-daban waɗanda mata suka shahara da su kamar haka:
A. Hoton Mata na kishi
Kishi wata ɗabi’a ce ta mata wadda suka fi shahara da ita, kuma hoton ta ya fi maimaituwa a Karin Magana. Karin Magana na hoton kishi suna da tarin yawa, sai dai za a ɗan tsakuro wasu daban a faɗi kamar haka:
i. Kishi Kumallon Mata
Wannan hoton mata ne na ɗabi’ar kishi. Kishi ɗabi’a ce wadda duk yadda mata suka yi ƙoƙarin ɓoye ta bata ɓoyuwa sai ta fito, kuma ta bayyana an gan ta ƙarara. Shi yasa ake kamanta shi da kumallo (Aman wan da bai ci abinci ba). Hausawa na cewa “Kishi Kumallon Mata in ya motsa sai an haras”.
Ma’anar Karin Maganar shi ne, mai hali ba ya rabuwa da halinsa. Karin Maganar da ke fassara hakan kuwa ita ce “Hali Zanen Dutse, ba ya karkaruwa”.
ii. Ala suturu Buƙui, Inji kishiyar Mai doro.
Wannan hoton mata ne na ɗabi’ar kishi, “Suturu” na nufin sutura, wadda kalmar Larabci ce, wato tufa ko a tufatar da wani ko wata ko kuma wani abu, Buƙui alama ta doro ce, watau yadda yake zaune a baya kamar goyo, kishiya kuwa ita ce abokiyar zama a gidan miji mai mace fiye da ɗaya. Doro kuwa wani ciwo ne da ke sa baya ya kasance da ƙunshin tsoka, mai kama da tozon raƙumi ko shanu. Shaguɓe ne ga mai doro dake zaune da kishiya don ta ɓata mata rai. (Malumfashi da Nahuche, 2014:47).
iii. Ɓatan kai shawara da uwar kishiya
Wannan hoton ɗabi’ar mata ne ta kishi. Mata suna ɗaukar kishiyoyinsu a matsayin maƙiyansu, saboda haka ne suka ɗauki uwayen kishiyoyinsu suma a matsayin maƙiyansu. Don haka suke ganin wauta ne shawara da uwar kishiya kuma sukan ce “Salula shawara da uwar kishiya”.
Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne don a nuna ma mutum cewa ya nemi wani abu wurin da bai dace ba.
iv. Cin Tuwon kishiya Ranko ne.
Wannan hoton mata ne na ɗabi’ar kishi. A al’adar Hausawa akan juya girkin abinci ne tsakanin kiyoshi, wato, in wannan ta yi a yau gobe ko bayan kwana biyu wannan ta yi. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, idan mutum ya sami abin da ake ganin akwai ranar mayar da buki, wato yadda aka yi masa shi ma sai ya yi.
v. Wayayyen Hauka, Goyon Ɗan kishiya ga naki.
Wannan hoton mata ne na ɗabi’ar kishi. Wannan Karin Magana na nuni ne ga wanda ya bar abu mafi muhimmanci a gare sa, ya himmantu ga abin da bai da muhimamnci a garesa. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne, domin a jawo hankalin mutum zuwa ga aikata abin da zai amfane sa, ta hanyar barin abin da ba zai amfane sa ba.
B. Hoton mata na Al’Adar Gwagwarmaya da Jarumtaka.
Wannan hoton mata ne da ke nuna gwagwarmayarsu da jarumtakarsu a cikin sassan rayuwa daban-daban da takwarorinsu maza.
Misali:
i. Kallabi Tsakanin Rawunna.
Wannan hoton yana nuna gwagwarmaya da jaruntakar mace ne a fagen rayuwa tare da maza. Kallabi a nan yana wakiltar mace, kamar yadda Rawunna suke waƙiltar maza.
ii. Mace Mai kamar Maza
Wannan shi ma hoton mace ne da yake nuna jaruntakarta tare da daidaita ƙoƙarinta da ƙwazonta da himmarta da jajircewarta kamar maza jarumai.
C. Hoton Mata na Kwaɗayi
Wannan gaɓa za ta kawo wasu hotunan mata da ke nuna ɗabi’arsu ta kwaɗayi.
Misali:-
i. Ya na iya da raina, cin tsiren mata.
Wannan hoton kwaɗayi ne na nuna kwaɗayin da keg a mata na ɗabi’a. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin nuna cewa ana ba rai abin da yake so.
Ana iya raba kwaɗayin zuwa gida biyu: Akwai na halitta, wanda Allah ya halittasu da shi, akan son kayan ƙalam da maƙulashe da kuma na sauyin yanayi da ya ke samuwar su a sanadiyar goyon ciki.
ii. Maganin mace kuɗi, Abar kisan jemage.
Wannan hoton mata ne dake nuna kwaɗayinsu ga kuɗi. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne idan ana son cimma nasarar wani abu to ga abin da ya kamata yi.
D. Hoton Mata na Ragganci da Lalaci
Wannan gaɓa na ɗauke da hoton mata na ɗabi’ar ragganci da lalaci.
Misali
i. Matar Bari In Tashi Ba Ta Ƙwadda Mijinta.
Wannan hoton mace mai jan ƙafa ne wajen gudanar da abu mai muhimmanci a gareta. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin jawo hankalin mai jin kasalar ya tashi ya yi wani aiki.
ii. Na Gaji Mai Hana Wa Mata Lada.
Wannan hoton mata ne da ke nuna ɗabi’arsu ta gajiyawa. A nsan cewa mace duk lokacin da ta yi wani aiki a gidan mijinta tana samun lada. Amma ko da yaushe sai sun yi ayukkan lada masu yawa sai daga ƙarshe su kasa cigaba su ce sun gaji ba su iyawa ko da abin nan zai amfane su. (Koko 2011:77).
Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne domin a ƙarfafa gwuiwar mutum a kan cigaba da aikin alheri har ya kamala sa kamar yadda ya fara.
E. Hoton Mata na Kirari
Wannan gaɓa na ɗauke da hoton mata wanda ke jinjina martabarsu a matsayinsu na uwayen al’umma, kuma jigogi na kimtsa gidan Bahaushe. Misali
i. Mata in ba ku ba gida
ii. Uwar gida sarautar mata
iii. Uwar gida ran gida
iv. Uwar wani kakar wani
F. Hoton Mata na Yawan Surutu (Magana)
Wannan gaɓa na ɗauke da hoton mata mai nuna siffarsu ta mita da jinini. Misali
i. Karfin mata sai yawan magana
Wannan hoton mata ne da yake nuna cewa. Ƙarfinsu da kuzarinsu ya fi ta’allaƙa ne ga bakinsu. Wato, Salon yaƙin cacar baka. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana ne ga wanda surutunsa ya fi aikinsa yawa.
G. Hoton Mata na Kunya
Wannan gaɓa na ɗauke da hoton mata na kunya. Misali:
i. Tambaɗar zamani mata biɗar maza.
Wannan hoto ne da yake nuna kungiyar da mata suke da ita, musamman a zamanin da ta ba su iya nunawa maza soyayyarsu ga fili, da kuma suka ga abin da zamananci ya kawo, na barin waccan al’ada da aka san su da ita.
Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana wajen nuna wani abu da mutum ya yi na tir (Assha).
ii. Kunya martabar Aure
Wannan hoton mata ne da ke nuna cewa suna da kunya saboda kariyar darajar aurensu. Ana amfani da wannan Karin Magana domin jawo hankali zuwa ga abin da ya dace.
H. Hoton Mata na Habaici
Wannan gaɓa na ɗauke da hoton mata na habaici. Habaici ɗabi’a ce wadda mata suka shahara da ita, ta yi wa junansu gugar zana, wato sukan yi shi a kaikaice, saboda tsananin kishi ko tsokana ko huce haushi. Misali:
i. Funtuwa ta yi zane biyar gari ya tashi
ii. Mai zane ɗaya ba ta ba da aro
iii. Mai zanen gamin baki ba ta wa miji yanga
iv. Me zance? Zanen aro ya ƙone
I. Hoton Mata na Alfahari
Wannan gaɓa ce da za ta rattaɓo hoton mata na ɗabi’ar su na alfahari.
Misali:-
i. Ana tsoro na ni da iya, in ji ɗiyar mayya
ii. Farar mata abar shiga tsara
iii. Na iya rawata a gaban masheƙiya, ban taɓa fasa mata kwarya ba.
J. Hoton Mata Na Rauni
Wannan gaɓa tana ɗauke da hoton mata mai nuna rauninsu. Misali:-
i. Mace rabin mutum
ii. Juriya namiji ce, raki ko mace
iii. Namiji dutse, mace sakaina
iv. Saki jikinka, ɓarawo a hannun mata
Wannan hoto na huɗu ya ƙara fito da raunin mata a fili, inda ake nunawa ɓarawo cewa ya kwantar da hankalinsa, tun da hannun mata yake, babu abin da zai same sa, kuma zai kuɓuta daga ƙarshe.
K. Hoton Mata na Haƙuri
Wannan gaɓa na ɗauke da hoton mata mai nuna haƙurin su. Misali:
i. Ɗan kishiya riƙon mai haƙuri
Wannan hoton mata ne na haƙuri da yake nuna cewa duk da zafin kishi da ke tsakanin kishiyoyi, mata sukan yi haƙuri su riƙa ɗan kishiyarsu, da amana kuma su ba shi tarbiyya.
L. Hoton Mata na Tasirin Hali
Wannan gaɓa tana ɗauke da hoton mata da ke nuna tasirin halayensu kyakkyawa ko munana ga ɗiyansu. Misali:
i. Halin uwa ɗiya kan ɗauka
ii. Mai son ɗan ƙwarai uwa yaka zaɓi
M. Hoton Mata na Gulma
Wannan gaɓa na ɗauke da hoton mata da yake nuna ɗabi’ar su ta gulma. Misali:-
i. Kilin kiso da balanƙwaima, kiran miji da akaifa.
ii. Gwatsine aikin mata
N. Hoton Mata Na Wauta
Wannan gaɓa na ɗauke da hoton mata mai nuna ɗabi’ar su ta wauta. Misali:
i. Tambaɗa sayen kandu ba zane
Wannan hoton wauta ne na mata da yake nuna an bar abu mai muhimmanci zuwa ga wanda bai kai muhimmancinsa ba. Domin kandu abin ƙawa ne ga wuya kawai, amma zane sutura ce mai rufe tsiraici, da ba a fita sai da shi.
ii. Salula shawara da uwar kishiya
Wannan hoton mata ne da yake nuna wautarsu ta shawara da maƙiyinsu ko wanda ba zai ba su shawarar ƙwarai ba. Ana amfani ne da waɗannan karin maganganu ne domin nuna wautar mutum, domin gargaɗinsa da aza shi bisa hanya.
O. Hoton Mata na ba da Shawara
Wannan gaɓa na ɗauke da hoton shawarwari da mata kan bayar, musamman ga junansu da ma sauran al’umma. Misali:
i. Darajar mace, miji
ii. Kyawon mace, bin miji
iii. Idan baki yi gashin wance ba, ba za ki yi kitson wance ba.
P. Hoton Mata na Makirci, Mugunta da ƙeta.
Wannan gaɓa na ɗauke da hoton mata na ɗabi’arsu ta makirci da mugunta da ƙeta.. Misali:
i. Bin shawarar mata, ita ke sa da –na- sani
ii. Kissar mata, gomiya tara da tara ce, guda ɗaya ta cikon ɗari ibilis bai santa ba.
iii. Mata! Mance su yi maka gayya.
4.2.7 NAƊEWA
Wannan babi ya tattauna ƙashin bayan wannan bincike, wato “Hoton mata a Karin Magana”. An bayyana ɓangarorin rayuwar mata da kuma ɗabi’u da halayensu da al’adun da suka shahara da su. Babin ya yi ƙoƙarin tababtar da cewa “Mata suna suka tara” domin kuwa an zaƙulo ɗabi’u da halaye daban-daban waɗanda hoton rayuwar mata ke gudana a kansu, tsakanin na yabo da na fallasa, kyakkyawa da mummuna, kuma babin ya nuna irin yadda hoton mata ya mamaye Karin Maganar Hausawa, da kuma bayyana cewa mata ba baya suke ba a fagen ci gaban rayuwa da tafiyar da al’amurran yau da kullum.
BABI NA BIYAR
Marufin bincike
“KARFIN MATA YAWAN MAGANA”
5.0 SHIMFIƊA
A cikin wannan babi wanda bincike zai tuƙe a cikinsa an yi ƙoƙarin kawo taƙaitattun bayanai a kan abubuwa kamar haka: Muhimmancin Karin Magana, da matsayin mata a cikin al’umma, da wuraren da ake samun Karin Magana, da wuraren da aka fi amfani da Karin Magana. Haka kuma an yi waiwaye a kan zaƙulo sunayen jiga-jigan farko a fagen tattarawa da taskace Karin Magana a rubuce, da dalilan da ke zama sanadin amfani da Karin Maganar Hausawa. Bugu da ƙari babin yana ɗauke da sakamakon bincike, da taƙaitawa, da shawarwari, da naɗewa, sannan kammalawa.
5.1 MUHIMMANCIN KARIN MAGANA
Karin Magana tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa. Ana amfani da Karin Magana a wurare daban-daban domin biyan wasu buƙatu na rayuwa daban-daban.
Koko; ta kawo muhimmancin Karin Magana a cikin littafinta jere kamar haka:
1. Karin Magana ginshiƙe ce da ake iya dafawa don tabbatar da al’adu, da ɗabi’u da halayen mutane da yadda rayuwa ta kasance a wannan al’ummar da ke amfani da ita.
2. Karin Magana tana jawo wa halshe kwarjini daga masu kallonsa daga nesa da kusa da kuma masu amfani da halshen.
3. Karin Magana makami ce ta suka da gyaran halaye na jama’a, tana kuma iya kasancewa bulala ta horon al’umma.
4. Karin Magana tana taimakawa wajen gajerce zance, sai mutum ya fayyace abin da ke ci masa tuwo a ƙwarya cikin ƙanƙanen lokaci ba tare da ɓarnar kalmomi da yawa ba.
5. Karin Magana na da muhimmanci wajen haɗin kai da nuna son zumunta.
6. Karin Magana kuma tana da muhimmanci wajen wasa ƙwaƙwalwa da kawo nisaɗi.
7. Karin Magana na da muhimmanci don ana ba mutane shawara su yi wa wani abu da zai taimaki rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum.
8. Karin Magana kuma tana taimakawa masu halshen su yi sirri da junansu.
9. Ana amfani da Karin Magana don a yi kirari, watau a wasa kai
10. Karin Magana na da muhimmanci wajen biyan buƙata da mayar da martini. (Koko, 2011:82-84).
A gani na Karin Magana tana da muhimmanci a waɗannan wurare kamar haka:
1. Karin Magana gishiri ce mai ɗanɗano da armashi a cikin zance.
Misali:
- Matar mutum ƙabarin sa
- Uwar wani kakar wani
2. Karin Magana hanya ce daga cikin hanyoyin tarbiyantar da al’umma dabarun zaman duniya.
Misali:
- Idan baki da gashi wance, to kar ki yi kitson wance
3. Karin Magana rumbu ce ta taskace al’adun Hausawa.
Misali:
- Kakarsa ta yanke saƙa.
- Ƙaiƙayi ya koma kan masheƙiya.
4. Karin Magana hoto ce mai ɗauke da rayuwar al’umma.
Misali:
- Mata in ba ku ba gida
- Mata baku haihuwa, ku lashe abinku
5. Karin Magana a zanci ce da hikima da taƙaita muhimmin zance domin sauƙin kiyayewa.
Misali:
- Macce rabin mutum
- Mata suna su ka tara
6. Karin Magana ta na nuna gwaninta da naƙaltar halshen mai magana.
Misali:
- Kilinkiso da balan kwaima, kiran miji da akaifa
7. Karin Magana, hanya ce ta isar da saƙo a kaikaice.
Misali:
- Na iya rawata a gaban masheƙiya, ban taɓa fasa mata ƙwarya ba.
8. Karin Magana salo ce ta ɓad-da-bami.
Misali:
- Allah Suturu buƙui, in ji kishiyar mai doro
9. Karin Magana, hanya ce ta huce haushi da mayar da martani.
Misali:
- Mai zani ɗaya bata ba da aro.
- Mai zane gamin baki, ba ta wa miji yanga.
10. Karon Magana, hanya ce ta adana tarihi.
Misali:
- Faɗan gwaggo a ƙofa
5.2 MATSAYIN MATA A CIKIN AL’UMMA
Mata na da babban matsayi a cikin al’umma kasancewarsu ginshiƙi a wajen kintsa gidan Bahaushe, da kuma rawar da suke takawa a fagen tarbiyyantar da al’umma da ƙirƙirar adabi da taskace shi da yaɗa shi tsakanin al’umma. Mata kuma makarantar farko ce wadda yara ke samun ginin tarbiyyarsu a farko-farkon rayuwarsu a cikinta. Mata madubi ne wanda al’umma ke dubawa su kwaiwayi hoton tsarin rayuwarsu, da ɗabi’unsu da al’adunsu da duk sauran halayensu da kyautatuwar rayuwar matan al’umma gaba ɗaya kuma a kowane zamani domin samun al’umma ta gari.
5.3 WURAREN DA AKE SAMUN KARIN MAGANA
Bayan cikin zantukan yau da kullum, ana samun Karin Magana a cikin waƙoƙi, da littattafan wasan kwaikwayo, da na labarai kamar Ganɗoki da Ruwan Bagaja da Magana Jari ce, da kuma tatsuniyoyi masu ƙarewa da Karin Magana (Yahaya da Dangambo, 1986:169).
5.4 MUHALLAN DA AKE AMFANI DA KARIN MAGANA
A nan idan an ce muhalli ana nufin ire-iren wuraren da ake amfani da Karin Magana, watau kamar wajen taron biki, a kasuwa, taron jama’a, wajen hira, wajen tattaunawa, lokacin zance tsakanin mutum biyu ko fiye, lokacin faɗa, wajen yin sulhu tsakanin mutane wajen wasa, a tashar mota da sauran wuraren da jama’a ke hulɗa da juna (Koko, 2011:65:66).
Su kuwa Malumfashi da Nahuche, sun tsara wuraren da ake amfani da Karin Magana kamar haka:
A harkokin yau da kullum
A lokacin sara da yayi
A tsakanin mata kishiyoyi
A lokacin mayar da jawabi
A cikin waƙoƙin baka
A cikin kiɗa da waƙa
A fagen ilimi ko tsakanin malamai da almajirai
A lokacin hira ko tsakanin samari da ‘yan mata
A tsakanin maroƙa da ‘yan ma’abba
A tsakanin ‘yan kasuwa ko abokai
A tsakanin ‘yan kasuwa, don talla
A dandalin wasanni
A fagen wasa na al’adu
A lokacin hira, tattaunawa da ba’a
A kafofin watsa labarai
A lokacin bukukuwa
A lokacin wasu aikace-aikace na cikin gida
A lokacin gudanar da wasu sana’o’i
A lokacin nuna jarunta, (Malumfashi da Nahuche, 2014: 47 - 48).
5.5 WAIWAYE AKAN JIGA-JIGAN FARKO WAJEN TATTARA KARIN MAGANA
Bisa ga waiwayen da wannan binciken ya yi zuwa ga ayukkan masana da manazarta, da mawallafa, an samu sunayen jiga-jigan farkon a wajen taskace Karin Magana daga ayukkansu daban-daban, kuma an tsakuro wasu daga ciki kamar haka:
- Edgar (1906) Ya rubuta Karin Maganar Hausa sama da ɗari biyu (200)
- Kirki (1966) Ya rubuta Karin Magana ɗari biyar (500) tare da fassarasu zuwa turanci
- NNPC (1966) kamfanin ɗabin ya wallafa Littafi mai ƙunshe da Karin Magana sama da ɗari ukku (300)
- Edgar (1919) mai ɗauke da karin maganganu guda dubu shidda da ɗari huɗu da bakwai (6407)
- BM (1968) mai ɗauke da karin maganganu ɗari huɗu da goma sha huɗu (414)
- Maɗauci da wasu (1968) mai ɗauke da karin maganganu guda sittin da ukku (63) da fassarar Turanci
- Yunusa (1977) mai Karin Magana ɗari bakwai da tis’in da biyu (792)
- Gwandu (1978) mai Karin Magana guda ashirin (20)
- Gwandu (1980) mai Karin Magana ɗari ɗaya da ashirin da tara (129)
- Koko (1989) mai Karin Magana ɗari ɗaya da goma sha ukku (113)
- Yunusa (1989) mai Karin Magana dubu ɗaya da ɗari biyar da ashirin da ɗaya (1521)
- Bada (1995) mai Karin Magana ɗari uku da goma sha tara (319) da fassara zuwa turanci.
Baya ga waɗannan jiga-jigan na farko, akwai masana da mawallafa da dama waɗanda suka cigaba da bunƙasa taskace Karin Magana a rubuce, daga ciki akwai:
- Ciroma, Auchan (2004) littafi mai ɗauke da Karin Magana ɗari biyu (200) da fassara zuwa turanci
- Gwammaja (BS) Karin Magana ɗari uku da saba’in (370) bisa tsarin ƙamus da fassara zuwa turanci
- Gwammaja (2010) mai ɗauke da ɗaruruwan Karin Magana a cikin littattafai guda uku, tare da sharhin wasu daga cikinsu
- Koko (2011) Karin Magana dubu biyu da ɗari uku da arba’in (2340) tare da sharhin wasu.
- Malumfashi da Nahuche (2014) Karin Magana dubu takwas (8000) da sharhin wasu, tare da wasu bayanai.
5.6 DALILAN DA KE HADDASA AMFANI DA KARIN MAGANA: TSAKANIN MATA
Muhimmancin Karin Magana ya zama sanadin samar da dalilan da ke haddasa amfani da Karin Magana. Daga cikin dalilan akwai:
1. Kishi- mata suna yawan amfani da Karin Magana, saboda su nuna kishi, watau don su baƙanta wa kishiya rai ko su muzanta ta cikin jama’a
2. Tsokana - mata suna amfani da Karin Magana don tsokanar faɗa tsakaninsu
3. Haɗa Faɗa- mata suna amfani da Karin Magana don haɗa faɗa tsakaninsu
4. Tunzura Miji - mata suna amfani da Karin Magana a lokacin da suke faɗa da miji domin su harzuƙa shi, ko su ba shi haushi.
5. Mata suna amfani da Karin Magana don gajerce zance, musamman idan ba su ba maganar da ake yi muhimmanci ba.
6. Mata suna amfani da Karin Magana don yin tsegumi, gulma da kuma mayar da martani ga wata.
7. Faɗakarwa - mata, musamman tsofaffi suna amfani da Karin Magana don faɗakarwa da hannunka mai sanda ga al’umma.
8. Ilmantarwa - tsofaffi mata, suna amfani da Karin Magana don ilmantarwa da koyar da naƙaltar halshe da nuna ƙwarewa da gogewa ga al’amurran yau da kullum.
Su kuma sauran jama’a suna amfani da Karin Magana ne domin biyan buƙatun rayuwarsu daban-daban (Koko, 2011:63-65).
5.7 SAKAMAKON BINCIKE
Bayan kammalar wannan bincike, an gano cewa, Karin Magana muhimmiyar abu ce ƙwarai ga halshe da bunƙasar adabin kowace al’umma, kuma an amfani da ita a wajen gina al’umma da kimtsa zamansu da koyar da su sassan rayuwa daban-daban. Har ila yau, binciken ya zaƙulo hoton mata daban-daban daga cikin taskar Karin Magana tare da bayyana wasu daga cikin saƙon kowane hoto domin sanin yadda yakamata a dube shi da kuma aiki ko rashin aiki da shi. Kuma binciken ya zaƙulo dalilan yawaitar hoton mata a Karin Magana, da kuma dalilan da suka sa mata yawan amfani da Karin Magana a cikin zantukansu na yau da kullum.
5.8 SHAWARWARI
“Mata suna suka tara, amma halinsu ya sha bamban”. Saboda haka ana ba al’umma shawara da su kwaikwayi halaye da ɗabi’u na gari da ke ƙunshe a cikin hoton rayuwar mata. Kuma su watsar da munanan al’adu da ɗabi’u da halaye waɗanda aka bayyana. Domin kuwa hoton rayuwar mata “Hanjin jimina ne, akwai na ci akwai na zubarwa” don haka a ɗauki abu mai kyau daga ciki, a kuma watsar da marar kyau. Idan aka yi haka, rayuwa za ta kyautata, ta inganta, kuma a tsira duniya da lahira.
5.9 TAƘAITAWA
“Hoton mata a Karin Magana” Taken bincike ne wanda aka gudanar ta hanyar bin diddigi daga Karin Maganar Hausawa, kuma aka zaƙulo wasu daga cikin ɗabi’u da al’adu da halayen rayuwar mata da ke ƙunshe a cikin Karin Magana daban-daban tare da bayyana muhimmancin masu muhimmanci da rashin muhimmancin marasa muhimmanci.
5.10 NAƊEWA
Karin Magana wani ɓangaren adabin Hausawa ne. Ita dai Karin Magana, wata magana ce mai yawa da faɗi, amma aka dunƙule ta a cikin hikima da fasaha. Kuma bincike ya tababtar da cewa, mata ne suka fi amfani da ita.
A wannan babi na ƙarshe an bayyana muhimamncin Karin Magana, da wuraren da ake samun Karin Magana, kuma an bayyana muhallan da aka fi amfani da Karin Magana. Bugu da ƙari an yi waiwaye akan jiga-jigan farko a wajen taskace Karin Magana a rubuce. Sannan an kawo dalilan da ke sa mata yawan amfani da Karin Magana. Daga baya an bayyana sakamakon bincike tare da bayar da wasu shawarwari.
KAMMALAWA
A wannan gaɓar ne za a naɗe tabarmar wannan aikin mai taken “Hoton Mata a Karin Magana”. Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, wannan bincike ne a fannin adabi wanda masana ke ambato da madubi da kuma hoton rayuwar al’umma. Binciken ya keɓanta ne ga ɓangare ɗaya na adabin baka, kuma an gina binciken ne akan taken “Hoton mata a Karin Magana.” Watau ƙarƙashin ɓangaren adabin baka na Karin Magana. Wanda shi ba ya cikin waƙa kuma ba ya cikin labarai. Adabi hoto ne na rayuwar al’umma, kamar yadda Karin Magana take bayyana hoton ɗabi’u da al’adu da halayen rayuwar al’umma. Binciken ya bi diddigin hoton mata daga cikin Karin Magana, kuma ya zaƙulo su, tare da baje su da kuma bayyana saƙonnin da suke ɗauke da shi.
An gudanar da wannan bincike a cikin babi-babi biyar kamar haka: Babi na ɗaya shi ne shimfiɗar binciken, wanda a cikinsa aka shata yadda zai gudana da kuma hanyoyi da dabarun da aka bi domin samun nasara. An kawo dalilan gudanar da binciken, da manufa, da kuma hujjar cigaba da binciken. Babi na biyu, muhalli ne wanda aka waiwaya a cikinsa kuma aka yi bitar ayyukan magabata da ma wasu ayyukan da suka gabaci wannan aikin, waɗanda suke da dangantaka ko kama da shi, domin kalato muhimman abubuwa daga cikinsu, saboda Karin Maganar Hausawa na cewa “Na gaba idon na baya”.
A babi na uku, an bayyana Karin Magana ne da tarkacenta, kamar, asalin Karin Magana, matsayinta ga Hausawa da halshen Hausa, da ma wasu halsunan da ƙabilu, kuma an kawo mutanen da suka fi ƙirƙiro Karin Magana da zamunnan da aka ƙirƙirota, ire-iren Karin Magana da jigoginta da amfaninta da sauransu. Sannan Babi na huɗu, shi ne zuciyar wannan aikin, a cikinsa ne aka kawo shafukan hoton mata daban-daban, kuma aka baje kolinsu, sannan aka bayyana saƙonnin da suke da su gwargwadon hali, ta hanyar kallon ɗabi’un mata da nazarinsu. A babi na biyar ne binciken ya kammala tare da kawo muhimmancin Karin Magana, da matsayin mata a cikin al’umma, wuraren da ake samun Karin Magana, muhallan da ake amfani da Karin Magana, jiga-jigan farko wajen tattara Karin Magana, da dalilan da ke haddasa amfani da Karin Magana tsakanin mata, sannan sakamakon bincike, da shawarwari da taƙaitawa, naɗewa da kammalawa, sai manazarta da kuma rataye na jerin gwanon wasu Karin Magana na hoton mata bisa tsarin a, ba, ca, da.
A ƙarshe kuma a taƙaice, wannan bincike ya leƙa, kuma ya hango, sannan ya bi diddigi ya gano matsayin mata da ƙimarsu da kuma gudummuwar da suke bayarwa a fagen al’umma da ilmantar da ita. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya gano dangantaka da alaƙa ta ƙut-da-ƙut da ke tsakanin mata da Karin Magana, tare da tulin tarin ɗabi’u da halaye na mata daban-daban waɗanda Karin Magana ta adana.
Ana fatar wannan kundi ya kasance mai amfani ga duk masu nazarin halshen Hausa, da adabinsa da al’adunsa, da masu sha’awarsu da ma al’umma gaba ɗaya.
Contact Us: amsoshi2017@gmail.com
1 Comments
I am very much impressed with this publication.
ReplyDeleteLallai Hajiya Shafa kin kama hanyar zama Malamar Ilimi muna godiya ga uwayenki dakuma Maigidanki domin hakika su sunka yi hidimar dayasa duniya ke amfana da baiwarki.
ENGLISH: You are warmly invited to share your comments or ask questions regarding this post or related topics of interest. Your feedback serves as evidence of your appreciation for our hard work and ongoing efforts to sustain this extensive and informative blog. We value your input and engagement.
HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.