Irin
waɗannan kare-karen harshe ana iya fahimtar yadda harshe yake samun kare-kare,
musamman auratayya ko kasuwanci a tsakanin al’umma, kamar ‘yan kabu- kabu,
direbobi haka a rukunin jama’a kamar ‘yan mata ko malamai ko ‘yan boko ko ‘yan
tasha ko matan aure da zawarawa da sauransu. Saboda haka wannan kundin zai yi
bayanin rukunin al’umma yanda zai iya fito da bayani game da Hausar Jibiya a
matsayin wani yanki da zai iya shiga karin harshen da Hausa take da su.
Jibiyanci a
Gurbin Hausa
___________________
Aliyu Salisu Ibrahim
0803
180 6180
aliyusibrahim01@gmail.com
__________________
SADAUKARWA
Na
sadaukar da wannan aiki ga mahaifina Marigayi Alhaji Salisu Ibrahim (Sale Na
Dodo) da Mahaifiyata Hajiya Rakiya Sale Na Dodo Jibiya da Alhaji Shehu Isheyi
(FCSN, FICCON) Barayan Bakori, Alhaji Salisu Barmo Jibiya.
GODIYA
Godiya
ta tabbata ga Allah maɗaukakin Sarki, kuma masani
wanda ya sanar da Ɗan-Adam
abin da bai sani ba, ya kuma umurce shi da ya nemi ilimi da yaɗa
shi. Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata ga Manzon Tsira fiyayyen Halitta, wanda
ya kwaɗaitar
da a nemi ilimi komi nisan wuri.
Haka
kuma ina miƙa godiya ga Mahaifana
dangane da tarbiya da suka bani da kuma sanyani Makaranta har na kai ga haka,
sannan ina miƙa godiya ga ‘yan uwan
mahaifana, da ‘yan uwana baki ɗaya.
Godiya
ta musamman ga Dr. Rabi’u Muhammad Tahir, wanda ya kula da duba wannan aiki ba
tare da ya nuna gazawa ba, da kuma ba da shawarwari domin ganin wannan aiki ta
yanda zai amfani harshen Hausa, ina roƙa
masa Allah ya biya masa buƙatunsa
na alheri, amin.
Hausawa
Ɗa da mantuwa shege ne, a sakamakon haka,
ina miƙa godiya ta mai ɗimbin
yawa, musamman shugaban sashe a wannan lokaci Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza, da
kuma Malaman da sukawo tafiyayya domin ba da ilimi kamar, Farfesa Magaji Tsoho
Yakawada da Farfesa Balarabe Abdullahi, da Farfesa Muhammad Lawal Amin da Dr.
Ibrahim Isah Sulaiman, da Malam Adamu Ibrahim Malumfashi waɗannan
duk a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zaria. Ba zan manta da Farfesa Aliyu Musa Kano B.U.K
da kuma Malaman U.D.U.S Dr. Nazir Ibrahim Abbas, da Dr. Abdullahi Sarkin Gulbi
da Dr. Yakubu Aliyu Gobir da wasu Malamai daga C.O.E Maru Dr. Ahmad Rabi’u
Bakura, da Dr. Musa Fadama Gummi. Haka kuma ina jinjinawa Malamaina na cikin
gida, Malam Isah S. Fada da Mal. Musa Abdullahi Zaria da Mal. Aliyu Rabi’u Ɗangulbi da Umar Usman (Head of
Information FUG).
Haka
kuma ba zan manta da gudummuwa da kulawa da na samu a wannan karatu, wanda ta
fito daga ‘yan uwa da abokan arziki, kamar su; Alh. Abubakar Dodo Ibrahim
Sarkin Tashar Jibiya da Musa Muhammad Bafarawa (Baba Musa) da Hajiya Badiya
Salisu Sale Na Dodo da Lubabatu Sale Na Dodo da zuri’ar su baki ɗaya.
Haka
kuma, abokan karatuna maza da Mata mu goma sha hudu (14), ina jinjina maku da
shawarwarin da aka samu daga gare ku dangane da karatu da wasu al’amurra na
rayuwa da abokina Abba Salisu Malumfashi (Brothers) da Yusuf Umar (Umar One) da
Khalid Sada da Jabiru Ibrahim (One Stand) da Usman Tukur (Presidor) da kuma
abokina Usman Maikudi (Motel), Na gode.
BABI
NA ƊAYA
1.0 Gabatarwa
Ina
godiya ga Allah (SWA) da ya ba da ikon gudanar da wannan bincike a wannan fanni
na ilimi, domin kammala karatun digiri na farko. A cikin wannan bincike za a yi
nazari ne a kan “Jibiyanci a gurbin Hausa”. Haka kuma za a tsara wannan aiki ne
a kan babi – babi, a wannan babin na ɗaya
za a yi bayani ne a kan manufar bincike da dalilin bincike da muhimmancin
bincike da matsalolin gudanar da bincike da hasashen bincike da kuma farfajiyar
bincike.
1.1
Manufar Bincike
Manufar
wannan bincike ya bayyana dalilin da za su taimaka wajen bayyana inda karin
harshen ko gurbin Hausar Jibiyanci ta samu matsuguni a cikin kare-kare harsunan
Hausa, tare da bayyana dalilan da suka taimaka mata shiga cikin wannan rukunin
Hausar ko karin harshen.
Haka
kuma za a gudanar da wannan bincike domin binciko yadda wasu kare-karen harshe
suka yi tasiri a kansa, kasancewar yana kan iya-ka.
1.2
Dalilin Bincike
Idan
aka ce dalili ana nufin ko ana iya bayyana shi da cewa musabbabin faruwar wani
abu wanda zai sa a binciko gaskiyar al’amarin abu domin gyara ko ƙarin ilimi ga al’umma. Dalilin wannan
bincike shi ne domin gano matsayin da gurbin Hausar jibiyanci za ta kasance.
Haka
kuma kamar yadda rayuwar take babu wani abu da ɗan-
Adam za ya iya gudanarwa ba tare da manufa ba, ko dalilin yin abin ba, wannan
aiki za a yi shi ne a kan wasu dalillai kamar haka:
Domin
kawo sauƙi ga ‘ya uwa ɗalibbai
da kuma masu nazarin wannan fanni da la’akari da cewa akwai ƙarancin abubuwan karantawa da suka yi
bayani a kan kare-karen harshe, musamman Karin harshen kan iyaka, wannan yana ɗaya
daga cikin dalillan da suka dace domin kawo sauƙi a
tsakanin ɗalibbai da masu bincike da kuma masu son
zurfafa wannan aiki akan wannan fanni tare da fayace wa al’umma wasu kalmomi da
yadda suke a wasu karuruwan harsunan da kuma yanda daidaitacciyar Hausa ta
tanada.
Babu
shakka muna sauraron yadda wasu karuruwan harshe suke furta wasu kalmomi a
tsakanin al’umma ɗaya masu amfani da harshe ɗaya,
wanda baya hana su fahimci juna, wannan ne ya taimaka mana wajen iya tantance
inda Hausar Jibiya za ta samu matsuguni a cikin karuruwan Hausa.
Da
ganin cewa an gudanar da ayyuka da yawa masu alaƙa da
wannan aiki, kuma babu wani aiki irinsa, yasa na ga ya dace in gudanar da
wannan bincike mai take “Jibiyanci a gurbin Hausa”. Bugu da ƙari wannan bincike zai iya taimakawa duk
wani wanda zai yi wani aiki nan gaba a kan Karin harshe.
1.3
Muhimmancin Bincike
Muhimmanci
a cikin kamusu Hausa (2005) sun bayyana ma’anar muhimmanci da cewa “abu mai
daraja wanda yake da amfani kwarai da gaske ko abun farko – farko da mutum zai
yi”
Idan
muka yi la’akari da wannan ma’ana ta ƙamus
muna iya cewa muhimmancin wannan bincike shi ne:
Kasancewar
duk wani abu da mutum zai aiwata ko ya gudanar ko kuma ya gabatar yana ɗauke
da muhimmancinsa wannan bincike ne na farko aka fara gudanarwa a wannan batun
mai taken “Jibiyanci a gurbin Hausa” za ya taimaka ƙwarai da gaske ga ɗalibai
da manazarta da marubuta harshen Hausa musamman wajen fahimtar fitattun sigogin
karin harsunan Hausa musamman Karin harshen kan iyaka cikin sauƙi ba tare da wahala ba.
Haka
kuma wannan aiki zai taimaka ƙwarai
wajen ɗalibai
masu karatun harshe musamman na makarantun gaba da Sakandare domin ya taɓo
fannoni da dama masu ɗauke da muhimman abubuwa
musamman yadda wasu kalmomi suke a kan iyaka da kuma yadda suke a cikin kuryar
Karin harsheda abubuwan da ke haifar masu da canjawa.
Zai
ƙara zumunci ko ɗan-ƙon alaƙa a
tsakanin mazauna yankunan da suke makwabtaka da wannan yanki na kan iya ta
hanyar fahimtar juna da amfani da wasu kalmomi ta yadda za a yi magana da kuma
fahimtar juna ba tare da wahala ba.
Fanin
ilimi wannan bincike ya na da muhimmanci ƙwarai
musamman ya kasance cikin manhajar koyar da karatu a makarantu na firamarai da
na sakandare domin koyar da yara sigogin wasu kalmomi na kan iyaka. Wannan
bincike yana da mutuƙar
muhimmanci ga al’ummar Hausawa domin yana ƙoƙarin gano wani matsuguni ne a kan wani
Karin harshen Hausa.
1.4
Matsalolin Bincike
Kamar
yadda za a gani a nan matsalolin bincike ya fara tun daga lokacin da aka fara
tunanin wannan aiki har zuwa wajen da aka fara wannan rubutu.
Matsala
na nufin duk wani abu da ya zo ya taƙura
wa rayuwar ɗan –Adam ya hana mutum ya kasa cimma
burinsa ɗari
bisa ɗari
ko kuma ya kasa cimma sa duka. (Fulani da Wasu 2014).
A
Natataka da wasu (2018); kundin bincike na digiri na farko sun bayyana ma’anar
matsala da cewa “Matsala na nufin duk wani ko wata ƙuntatawa da rayuwa kan shiga ta sarari
ko ta ɓoye
ko wadda ake iya gani ko wadda ba a gani na wani abu wanda rayuwa ta yi karo da
shi ba tare da jin daɗinsa ba.
Matsala
tana iya zama tawaya ko nakasu ga duk wani abu da mutu zai yi ko ya yi ko kuma
ya ke yi. Bisa waɗannan ra’ayoyi na masana, muna
iya cewa “Matsala na nufin duk wani naƙasu
ko sukurkurcewar da wani abu mai amfani yakan sami kansa to shi ne ake kira
matsala.
Bahaushe
yace “Ko wattuna bara bai ji daɗin bana ba”. Tabbas duk
kowace irin rayuwa ta ɗan – Adam tana gudana ne
tare da matsaloli iri daban- daban. Haka ma wannan aiki da ake aiwatarwa yana
tattare da matsaloli da dama waɗanda bai zama lallai a
bayyana su duka a nan wurin ba.
Matsala
ta farko ita ce, lokacin yana da matuƙar
muhimmanci a rayuwar al’umma, a wajen gudanar da wannan aiki mun fuskanci
matsalar lokaci. Haka kuma akwi matsalar kayan aiki kasancewar wannan bincike
da ake gudanarwa ya kasance bincike ne na farko – farko a kan Karin harshen Hausar
Jibiyanci. An fuskanci matsalar kayan aiki wanda mutum zai fahimci cewar wani
fannin da kagansa tamkar ka a je ne, ɗauka
zaka yi. Wannan aiki an fuskanci karancin littattafai da kundaye da muƙalu da mujallu da sauran makamatansu.
Wata
matsalar ita ce a duk lokacin da mutum
ya samu kansa a cikin wani yanayi na rayuwa wanda yana kallon kansa a cikin
kunci ko yanayi to a wannan lokaci wani baya yi masa kallon wanda ke cikin
tawaya ta rayuwa.
Dangane
da matsala akwai abubuwa da yawa wanda a nan basu lissafuwa kasancewar ba ana
filin tattauna wata matsala ba ce, sai a yi wa Allah godiya, saboda akwai
matsalolin da ke tasowa haiƙan
wasu an san da su wasu kuma ba a da labarinsu, ma’ana wasu a fili suke wasu kau
a ɓoye
suke.
1.5
Hasashen Bincike
Wannan
bincike ina hasashe cewar zai kasance Karin harshen Hausar garin Jibiya ya samu
zama karin harshe mai zaman kansa ya
kasance yana cin gashin kansa. Haka kuma wannan bincike ina hasashen cewar
yadda ban taɓa jin cewar ko ganin wani rubutu da aka
yi mai kama da shi ba, ina da yaƙinin
cewa zai taimaka ma ‘yan baya da masu nazari wajen warware zare da abawa na
ganin cewar sun san sigogin karin harshe garin Jibiya da tushensa.
Wannan
bincike ina yi masa hasashen cewar ya samu shiga a cikin manhajar koyarwa don
inganta ilimi. Haka kuma wannan bincike ina hasashen ya zama jagora ga duk wani
manazarci ko marubuci ko ɗalibin ilimi harshen Hausa
ta yadda ya kasance rubutu na farko kuma ya zama tamkar tsani a manazarta.
Haka
kuma ina yi ma wannan bincike hasashen cewa ya kasance wata ƙofa da za ta iya taimakawa duk wani mai
nazarin karin harshe musamman karin harshekan iyaka wanda yanda ake fahimtar
kowane karin harshe shi ma ya kasance ana fahimtarsu. A ƙarshe
wannan bincike ana yi masa kyakkyawan hasashe a fagen ilimi wanda har inda ba a
tunanin kaiwarsa.
1.6
Farfajyar Bincike
Farfajiyar
bincike na nufin dai – dai farfajiyar ko filin bincike ko kuma muhallin da za a
aiwatar da wannan bincike. Saboda haka wannan bincike za ya kasance ne a kan
iyakar garin Jibiya da kewayenta a kan wannan batu mai take ‘Jibiyanci a gurbin
Hausa” a wannan ne za a gudanar da wannan aiki ba tare da an shiga cikin wata
farfajiyar da bata da nasaba da wannan binciken ba. Haka kuma wannan bincike za
a faɗaɗa
shi zuwa ɓangarori daban-daban na karin harshe
yanda za a fahimce sa sosai da sosai.
1.7
Kammalawa
Wannan
babi an ga yanda ya kamala watau babi na ɗaya
inda muka tattauna a kan manufar wannan bincike, saboda a fage na bincike
manufa wata babbar hanya ce da za ta jagoranci ganin tabbatuwa aiki ba tare da
kauce wa hanya ba, haka kuma an yi magana a kan dalilan gudanar da wannan
bincike mai taken “Jibiyanci a Gurbin Hausa” wannan dalilai sai dai a ce an
sanya albarkacin baki, saboda duk wanda ya karanta wannan aiki yana iya ganin
cewa wannan dalilai da muka ambata sun yi wa wannan aiki na mu ƙaranci. Haka kuma an yi magana a kan
muhimmancin gudanar da wannan bincike a gaskiya maganar muhimmancin wnanan aiki
yana da amfani musamman masu nazarin harshen Hausa har ma da al’ummar Hausawa,
saboda gudummuwa ce a ka baiwa harshen Hausa.
Bugu
da ƙari, wannan babi na ɗaya
an yi bayani a kan matsalolin bincike wanda dukkan rayuwa tana tafiya ne tare
da ƙalubale ko matsala, haka wannan aiki
yake tattare da ƙalubale
wanda wasu na iya faɗuwa wasu kuma ba su furtuwa
saboda wasu na iya zuwa kwatsam sai dai a ji su. Haka kuma an yi magana a kan
hasashen binciken nan da ake gudanarwa wanda wannan aiki ba ƙaramin hasashe ake yi masa ba na alheri,
kuma a wannan babi an yi magana a kan fafajiyar da za a gudanar da wannan
bincike ma’ana iyakar muhalin da za a gudanar da wannan bincike da iyakar abin
da za a yi binciken a kansa.
Haka
a ka tattara wasu bayanai daga wasu kundayen bincike na digiri da na shaidar
samun takarda malanta ta ƙasa
watau (NCE) haka kuma aka cigaba da bin hanyoyin tattaro bayanai daga manyan
littafai da muƙalu da jaridu da
sauran makamantansu domin ganin ginuwar wannan aiki.
BABI
NA BIYU
Waiwayen
Ayyukkan da suka Gabata
2.0 Gabatarwa
A
wannan babi na biyu, kowa za a yi nazarin abubuwan da yakamata a nazarta kamar
waiwayen ayukkan da suka gabata da tarihin garin Jibiya da karin harshe da
karin harshen rukuni da na nahiya da kuma daidaitacciyar Hausa da sautukan
Hausa da wasulla da Haruffan Hausa. Haka kuma za a yi amfani da ayukkan da suka
gabata kamar kundayen bincike da muƙalu
da littattafai da sauran makamantansu domin ƙarawa
wannan aiki armashi don ganin ginuwarsa a cikin inganci.
2.1
Waiwayen Ayyukkan da Suka Gabata
An
gudanar da ayukka da dama waɗanda suke kama da wannan
aiki, wasu daga cikin waɗanda aka yi karo da su, sun
haɗa
da.
Abubakar,
(2002) “Nazari a kan Hausar Gardawa” ya kawo yadda wannan rukuni na gardawa ke
sarrafa harshen da amfani da kalmomi da kuma jimloli da ke magana kan harshe da
ma’anarsu da kuma ma’anar Gardawa. Marubucin ya yi ƙoƙarin
Hausar da suke amfani da ita wajen harkokin sana’ar ta su. Aikin ya yi magana
ne akan Hausar rukuni shi ne dangantakarsa da wannan aiki, amma wannan aiki zai
magana ne a kan “Jibiyanci a Gurbin Hausa”.
Umar
(2013); Hausar masu kwallon ƙafa
a garin Sokoto” Ya yi bayanin yadda Hausar ke samuwa da yadda ake amfani da ita
a cikin rukunin al’ummar Hausawa musamman ‘yan kwallo da masu kallon kwallo,
aiki ya yi yanayi da wannan aiki domin ya yi magana ne a kan Hausar rukunin
al’umma.
Rafi,
(2008); “Nazarin Hausar wurin Ɗaurin
Aure”; A cikin aikin ya yi magana a kan harshe da kalmomin da ake amfani da su
wajen ɗaurin
aure. Aikin yana da alaƙa da
wannan aiki da za a gudanar sai dai shi wannan aikin yana son ya fito da Hausar
da ake amfani da ita ne a cikin garin Jibiya.
Bello
(2017), “Hausar shafin makaranta ta Jaridar Aminiya” ya yi bayanin wata nau’in
Hausar rukuni wadda ake samu a cikin Jaridar Aminiya, mai suna “Shafin
Makarantar Hausa”, ya yi ƙoƙarin fito da nau’in Hausar da shafin ke
amfani da ita, tare da ƙoƙarin kawo bambancin ta da Hausar da aka
saba da ita yau da kullum, ta haka ya ƙara
tabbatar da Hausar shafin makaranta a matsayin wani Karin harshena rukuni. Shi
ma wannan aiki ya danganci karin harshen rukunin al’umma wanda shi ne alaƙarsa da wannan aiki.
Fagg,
(2002) “Ire-iren karin harshen Hausa na rukuni”. Ya kawo asalin Hausa da
Hausawa da bayanin samuwar canji a harshen, da Hausar masu neman ilimi da
Malamai da 'yan siyasa da Hausar masu wasan kwaikwayo. Bugu da ƙari ya kuma yi bayanin wani harshe da
ake samu a wajan masu sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya. Daga ƙarshe ya yi bayanin Hausa a zamantakewar
Jama’a da sauran ma’amuloli na yau da kullum. Wannan aiki ya yi kama da wannan aiki
da ake gudanarwa domin ya danganci Hausar rukunin jama’a.
Yakasai
(1999) “Hausar kan iyaka”. Illela da ƙonni,
a wannan aiki ya nazarci yadda ɗaiɗaikun
harsuna da kare-karen harshe da ke haɗuwa
a kan iyakar Ƙonni (Jamhuriyar
Nijer) da illela kan samar da wani Karin harshena daban.
Wannan
aiki yana da alaƙa da
wannan nazari da ake, saboda a cikin aiki ya nazarci tasirin wasu harsuna kan
wasu a sakamakon haɗuwarsu wuri ɗaya
da kuma abin da dangantakarsu ya haifar da sauyi a cikin harshen Hausa.
Abbas
(2000) “Zamfarci Dielect of Hausa: A Preliminary Surɓey”.
Wannan nazari yana da alaƙa da
wannan aiki, saboda ya yi ƙoƙarin bayani yadda Karin harshen
Zamfaranci yake da kuma siffofin da suka bambanta shi da dai-daitacciyar Hausa,
wannan shi alaƙarsa da wannan
nazari.
Sheshe,
(1986). “Nazarin lahajar Hadejanci da dai-daitacciyar Hausa”. Wannan aiki ya yi
shi ne don fito da bambanci a tsakanin Hausar Haɗejanci
da ita dai-daicin furuci da bambanci wasulla da ƙirar
kalma da jimloli da kuma ma’ana. Alaƙar
wannan nazari da kuma wannan aiki shi ne ya yi maganar wasulla da furuci da ita
kanta daidaitaciiyar Hausa.
Mukhtar,
(2017). “Hausa da karorinta”. Ya kawo abubuwan da suke da alaƙa da wannan aiki inda ya nazarci Karin
harsheda na rukuni da na nahiya da wasulla da baƙaƙen daidaitacciyar Hausa da furucin
sautukan Hausa, wannan aiki yana da alaƙa da
wannan nazari da ake yi, sai dai bai tunkari wannan nazari ba, kai tsaye domin
shi wannan nazari zai yi magana ne akan Jibiyanci a gurbin Hausa”.
Zarruƙ da wasu (1990). “Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin
Hausa na uku”. Wannan aiki yana da alaƙa da
wannan nazari saboda ya yi magana akan Karin harsheda cibiyoyin karni harshe
(wato masarautu). A taƙaice
dai akwai abin da wannan bincike zai iya tsinta a cikin wannan nazari na
masana, amma dai ba zai iya kawo mana ƙarshen
wannan nazari ba. Domin kuwa bai yi wani bayani da ya shafi gurbin Hausar Jibiyanci
ba, barai har ya sama mata wani matsugunni.
Ubale,
(2000). “Bambance- bambance da nasaba da ke tsakanin harshen Katsinanaci da
Sakkwatanci da kuma karɓaɓɓiyar
Hausa”. Wannan bincike da aka gudanar yana da alaƙa da
wannan nazari, sai dai bai yi magana kan Karin harshen rukuni ba, ko na iyaka
wanda wannan nazari da ake gudanarwa yana da alaƙa da
su.
Ɗantumbishi M.A (2008:18). “Algaita
Journal of Current Research in Hausa Studie. No. 5 Ɓol.1 Department of Nigerian
language Danfodio, Sokoto. Ya yi bayani sosai a kan harshe kafin ya shiga cikin
bayanin karin harshe da karin lafazi. Marubuci ya nuna cewa (Kh) da (Kl) na
Turanci na da tasiri kan karkasuwar al’ummar Hausa, kuma bai tsaya a nan ba,
sai da ya yi bayani a kan nau’o’in harshen daidaitacciyar Hausa da harshe
nahiya da sauransu, wannan aiki yana da alaƙa da
wannan nazari da ake yi sai dai bai tasarma wannan aiki kai tsaye ba.
Zailani
(2013): Nazarin Hausar kan titi, wannan aiki ya yi bayani sosai akan Hausar
wasu rukunin al’umma, kamar yan kabu-kabu da sauransu, sai dai baiyi tsokacinsa
bane akan nagarin Jibiya.
Haruna
B. (2018); “Bambanci tsakanin Karin harshen Garin Gusau da daidaitacciyar Hausa
ta fuskar furuci”. Wannan aiki ya so ya yi kama da wannan nazari ta fuskar
furuci, sai dai bai magana akan wasu muhimman abubuwa ba kamar baƙaƙen
Hausa da wasulla da kuma Hausar garin Jibiya.
Hassan
S. (2016: 209). “Fitattun sigogin Karin harshen Dauranci” Bakaba Journal of
Hausa Studies (Bajahas) Adamu Augie College of Education Argungu Kebbi State 2
No. 1. Ya yi bayani a kan Karin harsheda wasu abubuwa muhimmai da suka danganci
karin harshewanda daga ƙarshe
ya ba da shawara ga ɗalibai da su aiwatar da yin
nazarin karin harshen kasar Hausa, domin su fito da wasu abubuwa da ba a yi
rubutu a kansu ba. Haka kuma wannan aiki na sa bai taɓa
aikin nan kai tsaye ba, sai dai akwai alaƙa ta
kusa ganin yanda karin harshen Dauranci yake kan iyaka, haka wannan nazari ke
tunkarar kan iyaka kasancewar yana zaman wani yanki na kan iyakar ƙasar Katsina;. Haka ma a karin harshen
Dauranci akwai wasu wurare da ke kan iyaka da jumhuriyar Nijar, wannan wata alaƙa ce ta kusa da wannan nazari da ake yi.
2.1
Tarihin Garin Jibiya
Garin
Jibiya yana can Arewacin garin Katsina kimanin kilo mita 46. Akwai hanya babba
wadda ta taso daga Katsina ta haɗu da
garin Magamar – Jibiya ta wuce ta nufi Maraɗi
jumhuriyar Nijar ɗaya kuma ta nufi Ƙauran – Namoda ta Jahar Zamfara.
Garin
Jibiya an ce ba wani tsohon gari ba ne, in an kwatantashi da wasu garuruwa
saboda bai wuce shekara ɗari da tara (109) ba. An ce
wani mutum ne mai suna Gatari Duma ya kafa garin a 1909. Shi wannan Gatari Duma
mutumin ƙasar gabas ne, kakansa Jan- Ala ya zo
daga ƙasar Kano ne wani gari Gezawa a 1800,
lokacin sarkin Kano Abdullahi daga nan ya baro Kano ya zo wani gari mai suna
Manawa a cikin yankin ƙasar
Ruma ya zauna ba a san dalilin barowarsa Kano ba. Daga nan ne Sarkin Maraɗi
mai suna Ɗan- Mari ya kawo yaƙi ya fatattakesu duk suka watse; Daga
cikin ‘ya’yan wannan mutum Jan Ala akwai wani wanda ake kira da suna Ummaru,
daga nan ya koma wani gari cikin Maraɗi
wanda ake kira Fatotawa inda aka yi masa sarauta gari mai suna Gatar. To a nan
Ummaru ya haifi Gatari Duma wanda wata ‘yar hatsaniya ta sa ya baro Fatotawa ya
dawo Jibiyar Maje (A lokacin Jibiyar- Maje tana ƙarƙashin Maraɗi
ne).
A
wannan lokaci sai Turawa suka zo ƙasar
Hausa da aka tsaga iyakar sai Jibiya – Maje ta faɗo a
cikin ƙasar Nijeriya, irin wannan ƙoƙarin
da Gatari Duma ya yi sai abin ya burge Sarkin Katsina na wannan lokaci watau
Muhammad Dikko, sai yasa aka ƙara
naɗa
Gatari Duma a Katsina kuma aka kawo doki aka ba shi.
Bayan
wannan ɗan
lokaci sai Gatari Duma ya yi shawarar da ya dawo inda Jibiya take yanzu sai
yawo gabas da Jibiyar – Maje ya sari gona da gida da masallaci, daga baya sai
mutane suka biyo shi wurin har dai Jibiya ta haɓɓaka.
Ta
fannin tsarin mulki sarauta, kuma bayan rasuwar Gatari Duma sai aka ba, Ɗan-ɗansa
watau Gatari Ibrahim a shekara 1926, kafin ya yi wannan sarautar sai da ya yi
magajin garin Mallamawa a shekarar 1911 zuwa 1926. A lokacin sa ne aka ɗauke
kasuwar daga inda take aka maida ta yammacin garin inda take yanzu kuma aka buɗe makarantar
firamari a 1936 da ɗakin shan magani na farko a
1945.
Da
tsufa ya kama Gatari Ibrahim, sai ya yi murabus ya naɗa Ɗansa Alhaji Rabi’u Ibrahim a 1957, amma
da sunan Hakimin Jibiya, (Sarkin Arewan Katsina) wanda ya yi shekara (52) yana
mulkin garin inda ya rasu a (2009). Inda mulkin garin har yanzu. Garin jibiya
kamar yadda muka ambata gari ne na Hakimi to amman akwai magaddai wanda suke ƙarƙashin
wannan Hakimi kamar su: Magaji Farfaru, da Magaji Mallamawa da Magaji Zandam da
Magaji iyan gayya da Magajin Gari da magajin Sabon Gari, da magaji Faru da
Magaji Riko da Magaji Mazanya da Magaji Bugaje.
Ta
fannin kasuwanci daman dai ƙasar
Jibiya na da fadamu da dausayi domin haka mutanen garin manoma ne ƙwarai da gaske ga kuma kiwo. Haka kuma
suna kasuwanci ire-ire na cikin gida da na waje saboda suna iyaka da
jamhuriyyar Nijer, kasuwar Jibiya ta bunƙasa
fiye da tunanin mutum.
Saboda
bunƙasar da garin ya yi wajen kasuwanci tun
lokacin da ya gabata akwai unguwanni masu sunan sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya,
majema da unguwar makaɗa da filin ‘yan rake da filin
‘yan doya da mangwarori da sauransu. Haka kuma garin yana da kasuwar kan iyaka
wato (Jibiya international Boarder Market) wadda tsohon shugaban ƙasa na siyasa Janar Abdulsalami Abubakar
ya gina ta kuma ya zo ya buɗe ta da kansa a shekarar
1998.
Garin
Jibiya ya ƙara bunƙasa a lokacin da ya zamanto Hediƙwatar Karamar Hukumar Jibiya wadda aka ƙirƙiro
a shekara 1989. Wannan matsayi da Jibiya ta samu ya ƙara jawo mata ƙarin abubuwan more rayuwa kamar hanyoyin
cikin gari wanda aka zuba wa ƙwalta,
tare da haɗa garin da wutar lantarki wanda aka yi
buƙin buɗewa
lokaci guda da kasuwar ta kan iyaka.
Ta
fannin noman rani, Jibiya ta samu katafaren Dam wanda aka fara gininsa tun 1987
shugaban ƙasa na soja Ibrahim
Babangida ya yi bukin buɗe sa a 1991. Don haka mutanen
garin Jibiya na noman rani gadan-gadan a wannan Dam ɗin
da kamun kifi.
Idan
kuma aka duba ta wajen kayayyakin tarihi za mu samu takobi da garkuwa na gatari
Duma waɗanda
ya yi yaƙi da su, duk da cewa Jibiya bata taɓa
yin yaƙi da wani gari ba, ba a kuma taɓa
kawo mata hari ba. Amma kasancewar wancan lokaci na yaki akwai dakaru sosai
‘yan ko ta kwana waɗanda ke tsaron garin, haka
kuma tarihi ya nuna sukan kai taimako ga ƙasar
Ruma wadda suke kan iyaka da ita, duk lokacin da shahararren mayaƙin nan na ƙasar
Ruma Dan Waire zai je yaƙi.
A
wani ƙaulin mai kama da wannan an ce a dai dai
1906 Sarkin Katsina Mohammad Dikko ya sari garin Jibiya domin duk arewacin ƙasar katsina a wannan lokacin babu wani
gari mai girma wanda idan sarki ya fito rangadi ko farauta zai tsaya ya huta.
Wannan dalili ne yasa Sarkin ya sari Jibiya. To ko me dai ya faru Jibiya ta bunƙasa kwarai tun lokacin kafuwarta har ya
zuwa yanzu.
2.2
Karin Harshe
Masana
da dama sun bayar da ma’anar Karin harshekamar haka: Ma’awuya (2015) ya riwaito
Abbas (2013) ya bayyana a cikin muƙalarshi
mai take: karin harshen rukuni” Nazarin Hausar Shafin Makaranta na Jaridar
Aminiya” Sun bayar da Ma’anar karin harshe kamar haka:
Skinner
(1977:6) ya kalli kari harshe a matsayin “wani nau’in magana a cikin harshe ɗaya
wanda ba shi ne ainahin harshen ba”.
Crystal
(2008:142) ya bayyana “karin harshe ko na yanki ko dai na rukuni a matsayin
wani nau’in magana na harshe wanda ake iya ganewa ta wasu kalmomi da tsarin
harshe (Nahawu) ya ce karin harshe mafi yawa yana da tsarn furuci da nau’in
magana da ya bambanta”.
Adeyengu
(1989:36) ya kawo ma’anar karin harshe“a matsayin yadda mutum ya saba yin
magana na a cikin gungun al’umma da yawa masu harshe ɗaya”.
Amfani
(1993: 02); ya bayyana cewa: karin harshe wani bambanci ne da ake samu ta
fuskar kalmomi da furuci da kuma Nahawun harshe”. Haka kuma akwai wasu masana
da dama da suka bayar da gudummuwarsu wajen bayyana ma’anar karin harshe kamar
haka:
Trudgil
(1974) ya bayar da ma’anar karin harshe kamar yadda yakasai (2012) ya kawo cewa
“karin harshe yana nufin bambance-bambance da ake samu a cikin harshe ta amfani
da Nahawu da kuma furuci”
Yakasai
(2012) ya ce “karin harshe wani bambanci ne da ake samu a cikin harshe wanda
wani ɓangare
na mutane suke amfani da shi kuma bambancin ya shafi kalmomin Nahawu da kuma
furuci wanda hakan ya bambanta shi da wani karin harshea wannan harshen?
Sani
(2009) ya kawo ma’anar karin harshe a matsayin “Nau’i ne daga cikin nau’o’in
harshe guda wanda ake amfani da shi musamman a wani sashe na al’umma.
Abbas
(2013) ya ce “karin harshe na nufin bambancin magana da ake samu tsakanin
mutane masu harshe ɗaya wanda bai isa ya haifar
da rashin fahimta ba, a tsakaninsu. Duk harshe da ya bunƙasa yana iya samun karin harshe a
cikinsa.
Wurma
(2005/2006) ya bayyana karin harshe da cewa: “Shi ne harshe wanda ake amfani da
shi taƙamaimai a wani ɓangare
ko sashe na ƙasa. Ana gane shi ne
ta wajen lafazin kalmomi da jimloli tsakanin mutane.
Encyclopedia
Ɓolume 4 (6th edition
(1934) ya ce “Karin harshewani bambanci ne da ake samu a cikin harshe wanda
wani ɓangare
na mutane suke amfani da shi. Bambanci ya shafi kalmomi da Nahawu da kuma
furuci wanda hakan ya bambanta shi da wani Karin harshen a wannan harshe”
Zarruƙ da wasu (1990) sun ce “karin harshe
yana nufin ‘yan bambance-bambance lafazi da na kalmomi da jimloli tsakanin
rukunin al’umma ko shiyoyin ƙasa
mai harshe ɗaya. Zarruƙ da
wasu (2010) a ƙasar Hausa, an lura
da cewa kusan kowace tsohuwar daula ko masarauta tana da irin waɗannan
‘yan bambance-bambance. A taƙaice
kowace masarauta tana da karin harshedaban da na ‘yan uwanta. Akwai karin
harsheda dama a harshen Hausa wanda ainafin ƙasar
Hausa ta raba ƙafa ne, ɗaya
a Nijeriya da Nijer, wasu kare-karenta kamar Dauranci da Katsinanci da
Gobiranci suna gicceya ne a kan iyakar kasashen biyu. Saboda haka kafin a ce ga
kare-kare Nijeriya ga na Nijer wajibi ne a duba inda cibiyoyin su suke. Cibiyar
dai tana nufin masarauta ko fadar masu wannan karin harshe; misali
Cibiya
|
Karin
harhe
|
Bauchi
|
Bausanci
|
Daura
|
Dauranci
|
Kano
|
Kananci
|
Katsina
|
Katsinanci
|
Sakkwato
|
Sakkwatanci
|
Bayan
waɗannan
akwai kuma wasu dauloli da suka yi tashe a lokutta daban-daban na tarihi har su
ma suka sami karin harshe daban da na makwabtansu misali:
Cibiya
|
Karin
harhe
|
Guddure
|
Gudduranci
|
Gumel
|
Gumalanci
|
Haɗejiya
|
Haɗejiyanci
|
Kabi
|
Kabanci
|
Zamfara
|
Zamfaranci
|
Haka
kuma ga kare-karen da cibiyoyinsu suke cikin jumhuriyyar Nijer :
Cibiya
|
Karin
harhe
|
Tawa
|
Adaranci
|
Dogon
Dutsi
|
Arewanci
|
Damagaram
(Zindar)
|
Damagaranci
|
Tsibiri
|
Gobiranci
|
Filinge
|
Kurfayanci
|
To
waɗannan
kare-kare da aka zana ba fa suke nan ba a Hausa. Akwai na kan iyaka da na maƙwabtan Hausa da kuma na zango-zangon
Hausawa.
Dangane
da ra’ayoyin masana a kan karin harshe, muna iya kallon karin harshea matsayin
wani fage ne mai muhimmanci a fagen ilimin walwalar harshe, shi kuma ilimin
walwalar harshe wani fage ne daga cikin fannin ilimin harshe.
Karin
harshe; wasu sauye-sauye ne da ake samu a cikin masu jin harshe ɗaya
ta fuskar lafazi ko kalmomi ko tsarin jimla da sauransu, kuma su waɗannan
sauye-sauyen suna zuwa ne a sakamakon kaura da auratayya da kasuwanci da sauran
makamantansu.
Kamar
yanda muka ga cewa a bayanin da ya gabata daga bakin masana cewar akwai karin
harshe na kan iyaka da na zango da na maƙwabta.
Haka karin harsheba iyaka gare shi ba, aiyananne zanannne bare ace ga daidai
inda ya ƙare, saboda haka ita iyaka a karin
harsheyawo take yi bata ci ka zama wuri ɗaya
ba, wannan dalilin yana iya haifar da wani karin harshe.
Haka
kuma Jibiya tana iya da cibiyar tsibiri watau masarautar Gobir masu karin
harshe Gobiranci da Zamfara masu karin harshen Zamfaranci, kasancewar ta tana
kan iyaka da wannan manya-manyan masarautu ɗaya
na Nijeriya ɗaya kuma tana Jumhuriyyar Nijer, kuma
ita iyaka ta karin harshe ba wani taƙamaiman
wurin zama gareta ba, wannan yana iya haifar mata da na ta karin harshe na
daban.
2.3
Karin Harshen Rukuni
Wani
karin harshene wanda ya danganci bambanci magana da ake samu dalilin matsayi ko
aji ko rukuni ko shekaru ko mulki ko jinsi ko addini ko ilimi ko kuma tarayyar
aiki ɗaya,
(A irin wannan yanayin ne ake samun kalmomin fannu da suka keɓanta
da wani aiki ko ma’aikata).
Akwai
masana da dama da suka ba da gudummuwa wajen bayar da ma’anar karin harshen
rukuni kamar haka:
Yakasai
(2012) ya bayyana ma’anar karin harshen rukuni a matsayin “Nau’in magana ne wanda
ya danganci wasu al’umma ko rukunin wata tawaga ɗaya
a cikin al’umma.
Fagge
(2001) ya yi bayanin cewa “karin harshen rukuni wani ɗan
bambanci ne da ake samu wanda bai kai bambanci da ake samu ba a karin
harsheyanki, ba domin shi wannan ya shafi kalmomi ne da yan guntayen jimloli waɗanda
rukunin al’umma ke amfani da su, don sun fi sauƙin
fahimtar saƙo a tsakaninsu.
Haka
kuma ya danganta shi ta hanyar Hausar kasuwanci da Hausar Sarakuna da Hausar
Mawaƙa da Hausar Malamai da Hausar Dattijai
da Hausar ‘yan mata da Hausar Gidan Magajiya da Hausar matan aure da Hausar
Wurin zaman makoki da ‘yan siyasa da Hausar ‘yan motocin Haya da Hausar
‘Yansanda da Hausar kanikawa da Hausar ‘yan Acaɓa
/kabu - kabu da ‘yan mata da sauransu.
2.4
Karin Harshen Nahiya
Mukhtar,
(2017), karin harshen Nahiya karin harshene da ake dangantashi da yanayin ƙasa da kuma tasirin masarauta. Haka kuma
karin harshene da ya jiɓanci wasu yankuna na cikin
harshe; misali, masarautar Daura tana da garuruwa irin su sandamu da Mai-Aduwa
da Kongalma da Zangon Daura, waɗanda gaba ɗaya
ke amfani da Dauranci a matsayin karin harshe. Haka kuma abin yake ga Haɗejiya
da ke ƙunshe da Auyo da kafin Hausa da
Malam-Madori da Birnawa, waɗanda suke amfani da Haɗejiyanci
a matsayin karin harshe. To haka abin yake ga sauran garuruwan ƙasar Hausa da suka haɗa da
Damagaram da Gumel da Bauchi da Kano da Sakkwato da Kebbi da Zamfara da Dogon –
Dutsi da sauransu.
Masarautar
Katsina tana iyaka masarautar Daura da Masarautar Kano da masarautar Zamfara da
masarautar Zazzau da kuma masarautar Tsibiri watau Gobiranci, haka yasa tana da
garuruwan kan iyaka wanda wata masarauta tana iya cin su da karin harshen wanda
Jibiya tana ɗaya daga cikin garuruwan da sukai iyaka
da Zamfara da kuma Tsibiri. Wannan yana iya haifar ma Jibiyanci da wani
karinhashen na sa na daban mai cin gashin kansa.
2.5
Dai-daitacciyar Hausa
Dai-daitaciyar
Hausa samfari ne na salon maganar da dukkan Hausawa suka yi tarayya a kansa,
wannan samfari kuwa, ƙari
ne da aka zaɓa aka daidaita mata ka’idojin rubutu da
na Nahawu, kuma aka adana su cikin littafai da ƙamososhi
Hans Ɓischer,
(1912); ya ce “Dai-daitacciyar Hausa wata tsararriyar hanya ce wadda hukuma ta
amince da ayi amfani da ita a matsayin dai-daitacciyar harshe.
Mckay
da Hornberger, (2013:23) suka Jadda dai-daitacciyar Hausa da rubutaccen harshe
da dogon tafarkin tantance dai-daitawa waɗanda
suka haɗa da
zaɓar
mizani (ma’auni) da yiwuwar faɗaɗawa
ko siffantawa da ƙayyadewa
da kuma samar da littattafan Nahawu da ƙamus-ƙamus.
Hudson
(2003:32 – 33); cewa ya yi “Tunanin dai-daitaccen harshe, abu ne wanda ya
danganta, amman dai-daitaccen harhse abu ne na haƙiƙa shi ne wanda ya biyo tafarkin da suka
haɗa da
zaɓar
karinwanda za a yi amfani da shi wajen samar da dai-daitaccen harshe, (yana iya
zama daga cikin karorin wanda ake amfani da shi a harkokin kasuwanci da siyasa)
da samar da ƙwayoyin sautin da za
su waƙilci magana da ka’idojin sautin da za su
wakilci magana da ka’idojin rubutu (Dai-daita ƙa’idojin
rubutu) da samar da littattafai da sauransu.
Dunstan,
(1969) da Sani (2009), wanda zai iya zama tushe na daidaitaccen harshe. A nan
daidaitacciyar Hausa gaba ɗayanta ɗebe-ɗebe
ce daga kusan dukkanin karori, amma kananci shi ne ya fi kowa ne sauƙin fahimta da kaso mafi yawa a
dai-daitacciyar Hausa.
Sani
(2009); ya ce “Daidaitacciyar Hausa wani nau’i ne na harshen Hausa, wanda ake
amfani da shi yau da kullum wajen al’amurra da suka shafi koyarwa da buge-bugen
littattafai da jaridu da littattafai da mujallu.
Dangane
da ra’ayoyin masana a kan daidaitacciyar Hausa muna cewa “daidaitacciyar Hausa
hatsin bara ce wadda masana harshe suka aminta kuma suka yarda da ita a
matsayin wani ƙari na musamman kuma
yardaddai a wajen rubutu da karatu na yau da kullum bisa ga bin dokokin Nahawun
harshe.
2.6
Sautukan Hausa
Kalmar
sautuka jama’u ce ta Kalmar sauti, sauti asali kalmar ta aro ce daga Larabci.
Amma a Hausa ƙara ake cewa kamar ka
ce naji ƙarar mota a misalce, sbaoda haka kenan
sauti yana nufin ƙara.
A wannan nazari kuma sauti yana nufin furuci na magana; haka kuma ana maganar
sautukan da muke da su a harshen Hausa.
Yahaya
(2006) da Zariya (2007) da Gusau (2006) da kuma ‘Yar – Aduwa (2006), saboda
kasancewarta gamammiya suka ce “Sauti shi ne duk wata ƙara wadda za a iya ji da kunne”.
Wannan
ita ce gamammiyar ma’anar sauti, amma idan aka ɗauki
fannin nazarin sauti a ƙeɓance
to sauti kuma yana nufin furuci. Shi kuma furuci kuwa yana nufin fitar da sauti
daga baki, idan kuwa sauti ya baro baki, ya fito waje to ya zama furuci.
Alhassan
da Sani da kuma Kafin Hausa, (2010); ƙwayar
sauti “Ita ce alama mafi kankanta da a kan yi da murya, wadda kuma ke haɗuwa
da ‘yan uwanta su bayar da siga irin ta magana.
Sauti
abu ne da ake samun shi daga iska da kuma aikin wasu gaɓoɓin
jika, waɗanda
gaɓoɓi su
ne ke tarbe iska idan ta fito daga huhu zuwa waje idan haka ta faru sai sauti
ya samu.
Zarruƙ da Kafin Hausa da Alhassan, (2010)
“Furuci shi ne sautin da ya fito daga bakin mutum, wanda yake samuwa a
sakamakon aikin gaɓoɓin
sauti ko furuci da kuma gaurayar iska, wacce su gaɓoɓin
ke tarewa ko kuma su matse ta, ta rasa isashiyar hanyar fita. A Hausa akwai
sautuka iri biyu, watau na baƙaƙe da na wasulla, kuma haka suke a kowane
karin harsheda muke da shi a harshen Hausa.
2.7
Wasulla
Kamar
yadda aka sani cewa dai sautin magana iri biyu ne akwai na baƙaƙe,
akwai na wasali. Wasali sautin magana ne wanda yake a bakin furtawa iska bata
samu wata tangarɗa wajen fita sai dai
karkarwa da tantanin maƙwallato
ke yi. Haka kuma duk wasulla masu ziza ne, ba kamar takwarorinsu baƙaƙe ba
inda za a samu wasu suna da ziza wasu ba su da ziza, wasu kuma yan baruwanmu.
Akwai
wasulla iri biyu a Hausa, akwai wasula tilo da wasulla tagwai.
·
Tilo wasali shi ne wanda furucinsa ke da siga
guda ɗaya
·
Tagwan Wasali shi ne wanda ake fara furta
tilon wani wasali sai kuma a ƙare
da furucin wani tilon wasalin na daban, a lokaci ɗaya.
Hausa
tana da tilon wasulla guda goma (10), da kuma tagwai guda huɗu
(4), wato jimlar wasulla goma sha huɗu
(14) kenan. Daga cikin tilon guda goma (10), biyar (5) gajeru ne, sai kuma guda
biyar (5) gajeru ne, sai kuma guda huɗu
(4) masu goyo ne. Misali
Gajerun
Wasulla
|
Misalin
Kalmomi
|
/a/
|
Ake,
abin
|
/i/
|
Wani
cigiya
|
/o/
|
Sambo,
Goma
|
/u/
|
Yanzu,
ɗazu d.s
|
/e/
|
Mace
wacce
|
Dogayen
Wasulla
|
Misalin
Kalmomi
|
/aa/
|
Gidaa,
ranaa
|
/ii/
|
Niisa,
kiifi
|
/oo/
|
Bargoo,
ƙoofa
|
/uu/
|
Muushe,
Yatsuu
|
/ee/
|
Beebee,
Meesa d.s
|
A
lura, daga wasali ba a rubutu shi a rubutu na yau da kullum, an fi jin shi a
wani muhalin magana, musamman masu nazari ne suka fi fahimtar sa.
Gajerun
Wasulla
|
Misalin
Kalmomi
|
/ai/
|
Bakwai,
maiƙo
|
/au/
|
Tauri,
tsauri
|
/iu/
|
Ƙiuya
|
/ui/
|
Guiwa
|
A
lura, auren wasulla /iu/ da /ui/ har yanzu ba a gama karɓarsu
a matsayin auren wasali ba, wasu masana suna ganin akwai su a Hausa kamar
kalmomi irin kiuya da guiwa, amman wasu masana basu aminta da su
ba, shi yassa suke ci gaba da rubuta irin waɗannan
kalmomi kamar haka, ƙyuya
da gwiwa.
2.8
Haruffa
Bincike
ya gano cewa akwai sautin baƙaƙe ko haruffan daidaitacciyar Hausa har
guda (34). Daidaitacciyar Hausa ce Hausar da ake amfani da ita wajen koyar da
harshe da karantarwa da gidajan radio dana talabijin da mujallu da muƙalu da littattafai da sauran lamurra da
suka shafi aikin hukuma.
Rubutun
Sauti
|
Rubutun
yau da kullum
|
Misalin
Kalmomi
|
/b/
|
b
|
Baba,
buhu
|
/ɓ/
|
ɓ
|
Ɓera, ɓawo
|
/m/
|
m
|
Mota,
mata
|
/ø/
|
f
|
Fata,
faci
|
/ø/
|
fy
|
Fyaɗe,
fyeɗe
|
/t/
|
t
|
Taya,
tafi
|
/d/
|
d
|
Dawa,
dawo
|
/ɗ/
|
ɗ
|
Huɗu,
haɗu
|
/l/
|
l
|
Loma,
Lamani
|
/r/
|
r
|
Rimi,
Rijiya
|
/r/
|
r
|
Rami,
roba
|
/n/
|
n
|
Noma,
nono
|
/’n/
|
n
|
Hanya,
kunya
|
/n,/
|
n
|
Can,
nan
|
/s/
|
S
|
Sikari,
soja
|
/z/
|
z
|
Zane,
zuma
|
/ts/
|
c
|
Ciyawa,
cigiya
|
/s/
|
sh
|
Shanu,
shago
|
/si/
|
ts
|
Tsauri,
tsalle
|
/dz/
|
j
|
Jiya,
Jaje
|
/j/
|
y
|
Yaro,
Yawo
|
/k/
|
k
|
Kano,
Kasuwa
|
/kj/
|
ky
|
Ƙyau, kyauta
|
/kw/
|
kw
|
Kwari,
Kwano
|
/ƙ/
|
ƙ
|
Ƙaya, ƙato
|
/ƙj/
|
ƙy
|
Ƙyaga, ƙyale
|
/ƙw/
|
ƙw
|
Ƙwaro, ƙwaguwa
|
/g/
|
g
|
Gona,
goma
|
/gj/
|
gy
|
Gyara,
gyaɗa
|
/gw/
|
gw
|
Gwanda,
gwaba
|
/w/
|
w
|
Wando,
wasa
|
/h/
|
h
|
Hanya,
hanci
|
/?/
|
,
|
Ba’a,
ma’ana
|
/?j/
|
‘y
|
‘ya’ya,
‘yan uwa
|
Waɗannan
su ne haruffan dai-daitacciyar Hausa guda talatin da huɗu
(34), kuma haka suke a kowane karin harshen Hausa.
2.9
Kammalawa
Wannan
babi na biyu ya yi bayani a kan ayukkan da suka gabata waɗada
suka ɗan
yi kama da shi, da kuma taƙaitaccen
tarihin garin Jibiya da bayanin karin harshedaga bakin masana da kuma karin
harshen rukuni da na Nahiya da ita kanta dai-daitacciyar Hausa da sautukan
Hausa da wasulla da haruffa.
BABI
NA UKU
3.0
Gabatarwa
A
wannan babi na uku a kan wannan nazari da ake yi na “Jibiyanci a Gurbin Hausa”
zai yi ƙoƙarin
fito da sigogin karin harshen Jibiyanci da garuruwan da suka fi amfani da
Hausar Jibiya da muhimmancin kalmomin Hausar Jibiya.
3.1
Sigogin Karin harshen Jibiyanci
Jibiyanci
karin harshene da mabambanta al’ummar da suke zaune a farfajiyar garin Jibiya,
wadda take ƙarƙashin daular masarautar Katsina suke
amfani da shi a matsayin harshensu na sadarwa. Daular masarautar Katsina tana ɗaya
daga cikin manyan masarautun ƙasar
Hausa. Sigogin karin harshen Hausar Jibiyanci wasu fitattun kalmomi ne da ake
haɗawa
domin a yi furuci sai su ba da ma’ana. Akwai siga iri biyu; siga ta yanayi da
siga ta lafazi. To a cikin wannan nazari da ake yi zai yi bayani ne akan sigar
karin harshen Hausar Jibiya, wadda ake amfani da ita domin isar da saƙo. Amman abin lura da shi a nan shi
wannan nazari da ake gudanarwa sabon nazari ne saboda ba a taɓa
yin wani aiki don ya danganci Hausar da ake amfani da ita ba a garin Jibiya.
Sigogin
karin harshen Hausar Jibiya, wasu kalmomi ne da mutanen garin Jibiya (Jibiyawa)
suke amfani da su a cikin maganganunsu na yau da kullum, kuma mutanen Jibiya ne
suka fi amfani da su kasancewarsu na zama kan iyakoki da masarautu kamar Gobir
da Masarautar Zamfara, ita kuma Jibiyar ta kasance a ƙarƙashin
Daular Masarautar Katsina.
Akwai
wasu rukunnan kalmomi ko azuzuwa da za’a taimaka wajen fitar da sigogin yadda
suke kamar haka:
a.
Shafewar Sauti A Doguwar Mallaka:
Doguwar
Mallaka kamar yadda Galadima (1976) da Bunza (2004), da Jinju (2008) da kuma
Sani (2009), duk sun amince cewar ƙa’idar
rubuta doguwar mallaka ba a haɗe sunan abin da aka mallaka
da abin da ya mallaka (Mallakau) da Lamirinsa a wuri ɗaya
saɓanin
gajeruwar mallaka waɗannan lamiran sun haɗa
da:
Namiji Mace Jam’i/Jama’u
Nawa
Tawa Namu
Naka
Taki Nasu
Nasa
Naku
Nashi
Sai
dai a sigar karin harshen Hausar Jibiya a lamirin mutum na farko (Nmj) da (mc)
da kuma mutum na uku (nmj) kawai duk ana iya samu shafawar wasali kamar haka:
Dai-daitacciyar
Hausa Dangin Jibiyanci; misali
Nawa
Naw/nau Gida nau
Tawa
Taw/Tau Mota tau
Nashi
Nai Yara nai
Haka
kuma a kan sami shafewar wasali a wasu kalmomi na daban kamar haka:
mani man
misali yanmani ya
man
masa
mas ta masa/ ta mas
duka
duk duka suka zo/ duka sun zo
b.
Shafewar Baƙi a Wasu Kalmomin Hausar
Jibiya
Ana
samun shafewar sautin wasu baƙaƙe a wasu kalmomi a karin harshen Hausar
Jibiya kamar haka:
daidaitacciyar
Hausa Dangin Jibiyanci
Tausayi
Tausai
Tsautsayi Tsautsai
Ɗaya ɗai
c.
Shafewar Wasalin Karshe a Kalmomin
Aikatau
Ana
samun shafewar wasalin karshe a wasu kalmomin aikatau a karin harshen Hausa
Jibiyanci kamar haka:
Daidaitacciyar
Hausa Dangin Jibiyanci
-
sani san
-
gani ga
-
ɗauki ɗau
-
saye/ sayo sai
-
bari bar
-
tafi tai
Abin
duba a nan shi a kalmomin gani da ɗauki,
waɗanda
kalmomi ne masu gaɓoɓi
biyu an shafe, wasali /i/ da /e/ a cikin kalmomi sani da saye da kuma bari,
sannan kuma aka sami shafewar baƙin
/f/ a Kalmar tafi.
d.
Shafewar Sautuka a Wasu kalmomin Korewa
da
mahaɗi
babu
– ba
domin
– don
duka
- duk
e.
Shafewar (a/r) a Kalmomin Aikatau Masu
Nuna Dangantaka
Masana
sun nuna cewa “Aikatau duk a aikatau ne sai dai sun bambanta ne ta sigar gaɓoɓin
su da kuma ma’anoninsu. Don haka idan aka gutsure wata gaɓa ta
aikatau to, ba a haɗe ta da Kalmar da ke a
gabanta ko bayanta; misali.
Aikatau
mai nuna Dangantaka Gurbin Shafewa Sakamakon Shafewar
Sayar
da say (a/r) da sai – sai da
Mayar
da may (a/r) da may – mai da
Gayar
da Gay (a/r) da gay – gai da
Tsayar
da tsay (a/ar) da tsay – tsai da
Tayar
da ta (ya/r) da ta – da
Kawar
da kawa (a/r) da kaw – kawar da
Zubar
da zub (a/r) da zub – da
Amman
a sigogin Hausar Jibiyanci duk bambancin kaɗan
ne kamar haka:
Sai
da
Mai
da
Gai
da
Tsai
da
Kau
da
Zub
da
da sauransu
A
lura. Sannan shafewar sautukan (a/r) a waɗannan
kalmomin rowan dare, ne game duniyar Hausa wato matsalar ba, ta tsaya kawai
wani karin harshen Hausa ba, har ma a cikin daidaitacciyar Hausa wannan abun ya
shafa ma’ana yana faruwa.
f.
Sauyawar Sautuka a Hausar Jibiya
Ana
samun wasu ‘yan bambance-bambance tsakanin karin harshen Hausar Jibiya da
dai-daitacciyar Hausa a wasu wurare a cikin wasu kalmomi kamar yadda za a ga
suna amfani da /hw/da/hy/da/ts/ amma kuma babu su a daidaitacciyar Hausa. Haka
kuma suna musaya a wurin zama na wasu baƙaƙe ko mayar da wasali baki. Misali:
Dangin
Hausar Jibiya Dai-daitacciyar Hausa
Hyace
fyace
Sabro sauro
Tamna tauna
Littahi
littafi
Hitsari
fitsari
Hwara
fara
Shinkahwa shinkafa
Hyaihuwa
haifuwa
Kannan
sannan
Jakkai
Jakuna
Shanaye
shanu
Yusif
Yusuf
Hulla
Hula
Ukku
Uku
Tumakai
Tumaki
Awakai
Awaki
Sabka
Sauka
Halbi
Harbi
Hwalka
Farka
Kwalba
Kwarba
Amre/arme/aure Aure
Abka
Auka
Zanna/zamna
zauna
da sauran makamantansu
Waɗannan
sune ƙaɗan
daga cikin wasu sigogin karin harshen Hausar Jibiya, kuma ba su hana fahimtar
juna a tsakanin al’ummar Hausawa.
3.2
Garuruwa Masu Amfani da Hausar Jibiya
Idan
aka duba wannan sashen zai yi bayanin yadda wasu garuruwa na jibiya suke
furucin wasu kalmomi na magana saɓanni
wasu sauran garuruwan duk da cewar ana zaune a waje ɗaya
ne; Alal-misali a wajen furucin Kalmar “Ludayi” to a Hausar Jibiya za a ji suna
faɗin
“Lildai” ko a Kalmar “mudu/sai” sai a furta “Tiya” da sauransu.
A
wasu garuruwan kuma na Jibiya a kan samu saɓanin
furucin wasu kalmomi da ainafin garin na Jibiya kamar magamar Jibiya da kaga da
Ɗantambara, waɗannan
garuruwan suna amfani da wasu kalmomi na daban, waɗanda
da zarar anji furucin su an san ko mutumin ina ne, kasancewar sun yi kusa da
layin kan iyaka ma’ana sun matse masa ga kuma mu’amula ta yi kusa sosai ta yau
da kullum a tsakaninsu.
Misali
a Ɗantambara da Kagadama da Magama duk suna
furta “Inniya” a maimako “can” haka, kuma da “hinya can” a maimakon “gashi
can”, da “iyee ko iyi” a maimakon “Na’am” da sauransu.
Garuruwan
da suka fi amfani da Hausar Jibiya sun fi ɗaukar
mafi yawan garuruwan da suke na asalin mutanen wurin ‘yan Jibiya ne ba, zuwa
suka yi ba, irin waɗannan garuruwan sun haɗa
da:
1. Zandam
2. Matsomatso
3. Mallamawa
4. Faru
5. Farfaru
6. Lankwasau
7. Ɗaɗɗara
8. Kaga/yar
kaga
9. Mazanya
10. Gangara
11. Mai-
Kwari
12. Bugaje
13. Kadoji
14. Kanwa
15. ‘Yan
Gayya
16. Shimfiɗa
17. Malamai
18. Jibiyar
– Maje
3.3
Wasu Kalmomi Hausar Jibiya
Kowane
abu na duniya yana da muhimmanci, haka ma a wajen magana duk wanda ya furta
magana yasan muhimmancin ta a wajensa. A lamurra na yau da kullum akwai kalmomi
da ɗan-Adam
yake cin amfaninsu a sakamakon mu’amalarsa da jama’a. Don ya isar da saƙonsa ga wanda yake son ya isar domin
cimma wata manufarsa.
To
haka abin ya ke a Hausar Jibiya akwai tarin kalmomi da suke amfani da su a
cikin maganganunsu na yau da kullum, waɗanda
suka danganci rayuwar al’umma.
Abin
lura da shi a nan shi ne waɗannan kalmomi an tsinto su
ne a yayin furucin ɗaruruwan mutane a garin Jibiya
domin gabatar da wannan aiki, saboda ba a rubuce suke ba, sakamakon wannan
bincike ba kwaikwayon aikin wani ba ne, kusan shi ne rubutu na farko da aka
fara aiwatarwa a kan karin harshen hausar Jibiya domin sama mata matsugunni a
cikin jerin kare-karen harshen da ake da su a karin harshen Hausa; misali:
Dangin
Hausar Jibiya
|
Dai-daitacciyar
Hausa
|
Bacci
|
Kwana
|
Akaihwa
|
Farce
|
Darni
|
Danga
|
Bango
|
Gini
|
Ijjiya
|
Ido
|
Bagala
|
Shamaki/Haraba
|
Amai
|
Kumallo
|
Tiya
|
Mudu/sai
|
Kannan
|
Sannan
|
Moɗa
|
Kofi
|
Gahiya
|
Gatari
|
Hauya
|
Fartanya
|
Kwashe
|
Kalmai
|
Marece
|
Yammaci
|
Mankani
|
Gwaza
|
Tsanwa
|
Kere
|
Riɗi
|
Nomai
|
Danbishi
|
Jinka
|
Masassabi
|
Magirbi
|
Takuruga
|
Gujiya/Faruru
|
Kwaranga
|
Tsani
|
Ice
|
Bishiya
|
Kiri
|
Guru
|
Farar
– ƙaya
|
Allike
|
3.4 Kammalawa
Wannan
babi na uku, mun ga yadda ya yi bayani a kan wasu muhimman abubuwa. A cikin
wannan aiki da ake aiwatarwa mai taken “Jibiyanci a Gurbin Hausa” inda a wannan
babi ne aka yi maganar sigogin karin harshen Hausar Jibiyanci da Gabatar da taswirar
garin Jibiya tare da garuruwa masu amfani da Hausar Jibiya, da kuma kalmomin da
‘yan Jibiya suka fi amfani da su a cikin zantukansu na yau da kullum wajen
sadar da saƙoninsu.
BABI
NA HUƊU
4.0 Gabatarwa
Wannan
babi zai yi magana ne a kan Hausar rukunin wasu al’umma a garin Jibiya. Karin
harshen rukuni ya samu ne a sakamakon bambancin aji ko matsayi ko jinsi ko muƙami ko kuma sana’a da ake samu a cikin
zamantakewar al’umma. Kuma a ƙarƙashin wannan kashi na karin harsheake
samun nau’o’i da dama, musamman abin da ya shafi Hausar rukunin Malamai da ‘yan
boko da kabo-kabo da ‘yan tasha da direbobi da ‘yan mata da zawarawa da matan
aure da sauran makamantansu.
Wannan
ya samu ne sanadiyar zamani, da al’amurran fasaha da ƙere-ƙere
da suka bayyana a wannan lokaci da muke cikinsa. Saboda haka wannan babi zai yi
magana a kan ire-iren wannan Hausar da nazartar ire-iren kalmomin da ake samu
sanadiyarsu, wanda zai taimaka wajen haɓɓaka ɓangaren
nazarin harshen Hausa, tare da zaƙulo
wata launin Hausa wadda ba kowa ya san da zamanta ba.
4.1
Hausar Malamai a Garin Jibiya
Wannan
sashe ya ƙunshi tsokaci ne a
kan Hausar Malamai a garin Jibiya, yadda take samuwa da yanda ake sarrafata a
wurare daban daban, kamar wurin ɗaukar
karatu da wajen zanen suna da ɗaurin aure da lokacin sallah
da yayin gaisuwa da jama’a da sauran mu’amalolinsu da al’umma
Hausar
Malamai cike take da kalmomi irin na sakayawa, domin jin nauyin ko kunyar
ambaton wasu kalmomi. Haka kuma Hausa ce da kalmomin aro suka cika ta, musamman
daga harshen Larabci, sakamakon tasirin addinin musulunci ya yi a kan su
Malamai ɗin.
Haka
kuma, Hausa ce mai tsari da kuma kimtsi na musamman wadda yanayinta ya dace da
yanayin ma’abotanta, wato Malamai. Hausa ce wadda aka ɗauki
lokaci ana yinta a cikin al’ummar Hausawa. Domin tabbatar da wannan zance, ga
misali kamar haka:
Hausar
Malamai a garin Jiiya
|
Ma’anarta
|
Ladabtarwa
|
A
zabtarwa ko yin hiri
|
Maɓarnaci
|
Mazinaci
|
Mahaifa
|
Iyaye
|
Alfasha
|
Batsa
ko zina
|
Musantawa
|
Ƙaryatawa
|
Muwafaƙa
|
Dace
ko sa’a ko mafita
|
Fakiri
|
Talakka
|
Al-aura
|
Tsiraici
|
Jima’i,
ko Duhuli
|
Saduwa
da mace
|
Masha
Allah
|
Godiya
ga Allah
|
Farilla
|
Dole
|
Na’jasa
|
Ƙazanta
|
Fasiƙi ko fasiƙa
|
Mazinaci
ko Mazinaciya
|
Gaibu
ko gaibiya
|
Abin
da ba’a sani ba
|
Bismillah
|
Fara
|
Tafaldal
|
Ci
gaba da yi
|
Taufikƙi
|
Gamo
da Ƙatar
|
Na’am
|
Ya
yi
|
Khairan
|
Alheri
|
Laa
|
Aa
|
Alhamdullah
|
Godiya
ga Allah
|
Subhanallah
|
Tsarki
ya tabbata ga Allah (SWA)
|
Aiwa
|
Ya
yi
|
Innalillahi
|
Komawa
ga Allah (SWA)
|
Kabuli
|
Ƙarfuwa
|
4.2 Hausar ‘Yan Boko a Garin
Jibiya
Yanayin
Hausar ‘yan boko ya samu ne a sakamakon matsayi na wasu mutane da suka je
makarantar boko, ko suka samu ilimin boko a sakamakon tasirin zamunanci a cikin
al’amuransu na yau da kullum.
Ita
kuma wannan Hausa ta ‘yan boko kusan matasa ne da yan mata da manyan mutane
wanda suka yi karatun boko suka fi yin ta a lokacin da suke haɗu a
wasu wurare na mu’amularsu. Domin nuna
wata bajinta ko gwaninta ta nuna cewar an je makaranta, haka kuma kusan ita ma
duk kalmomin aro ne daga harshen Turanci da amfani da kaifin murya (KarinSauti)
a wasu kamomi ko faɗin wasu sunayen wasu
abubuwa. Kamar yadda za mu gani a misalan da za a bayar:
Hausar
‘Yan boko a garin Jibiya
|
Ma’anarta
|
Confirm
|
Ina
maka tabbacin haka
|
Pardon
|
Ka share das hi
|
How far
|
Ya ne ya
|
Normal
|
Lafiya lau
|
Forget
|
Kamanta da shi
|
Guys
|
Kalmar aro ce (Gayu) ta ke nufi
|
Continou
|
Mu ci gaba
|
I will come
|
Zan zo
|
Ɓery soon
|
Dawuri
|
Take time
|
Shiga hankalinka
|
I am ɓery suprise
|
Na yi mamaki
|
What eɓer
|
Duk yadda aka yi
|
Let me tell you
|
Bari in faɗa maka
|
I am so busy
|
Ina aiki ne
|
Last time
|
Lokacin da ya wuce
|
Last week
|
Satin da ya wuce
|
Atleast
|
Kamar
|
Alright
|
Ya yi ƙyau
|
Although
|
Ko kuma
|
An ga wata
|
Jarabawa ta fita kafin a yita
|
Zunubi
|
Carry oɓer Faɗuwar Jarabawa
|
Dodon bango
|
Sakamakon Jarabawa
|
Ƙwaro
|
Mai ƙoƙari
|
Buɗe wuta
|
Mai mayar da hankali
|
Wanki
|
Maguɗin Jarabawa
|
Zan dira
|
Zan zo
|
Sha
|
Harda
|
Aha
|
Me ake ciki
|
Uban saiti
|
Mutum mai matsala
|
Kwabsi
|
Shirme
|
Haka
|
Ƙarya ce
|
4.3 Hausar ‘Yan Mata a Garin
Jibiya
Hausar
‘yan mata a koda yaushe ba za ka raba ta da kalmomi irin na soyayya ba; da kuma
kalmomin yayi ko sara. Haka kuma Hausar ta ‘yan mata cike take da kalmomi irin
na nuna karsashi da shagwaɓa. Haka kuma Hausa ce da take
ƙunshe da kalmomin da suka danganci
arashi, da habaici da kuma zolaya.
Kamar
yanda za mu ga wasu ‘yan misalai kaɗan
daga cikin Hausar ‘yan matan a garin na Jibiya kamar haka:
Kalmomin Yan Mata
|
Ma’anarsu
|
Rabin Rayuwata
|
Saurayi na
|
Habibi
|
Saurayi
|
Yaya na
|
Saurayi na
|
Ina yin ka
|
Nuna ƙauna ne ga masoyi
|
Bulace
|
Karya ce
|
Uban Fafa
|
Gwanin soyayya
|
Sannunka
|
Gaisuwa ce
|
Kamar ba kai ba
|
Wata ‘yar zolaya ce
|
Ɗan Wahala
|
Saurayin da ba’a so
|
Ya damai ni ko ya cika
|
Tsana ce ga saurayin da ba son sa
|
Maƙolo/ matsolo
|
Saurayin da bai bada abin hannin shi
|
Kana burgewa
|
Yabo
|
Allah Sarki
|
Wani salon cuta ne
|
Ina da saƙo zuwa ga zuciyar
ka
|
Wannan yaudara ce da cikin nuna so
|
Kana wuta
|
Saurayin da ya iya nuna ma budurwarsa so
|
Haba Mutumin
|
Nuna ƙauna ne ga masoyi
|
4.4
Hausar Matan Aure a Garin Jibiya
Matar
aure mace ce wadda take mallakar namiji ɗaya
a ƙasar Hausa, kuma wannan mijin nata yana
da hurumin aje ta a ko’ina, kasancewar haka akwai yuyuwar zamanta da wasu ‘yan
uwan mijinta ko iyayensa ko matan ƙaninsa
ko ‘ya’yansa da dai sauransu.
Irin
wannan zamantakewar ne ya haifar mata da kalmomi irin na karinmagana da yayi da
sara da habaici da kalmomin saye. Misali.
Kalmomin mata
|
Ma’anarsu
|
Al’ada
|
Jini
|
Batan – wata
|
Samuwar ciki
|
Ta ci waƙe
|
Ta samu ciki
|
Allah buɗe ido lafiya
|
Allah ya sauketa lafiya
|
Guɗa
|
Hanyar sadarwa ce
|
Allah ya bada wuyan ɗauka
|
Addu’a ce ga ma’aurata ta zaman lafiya
|
Gidan buɗe yake
|
Ba komi a gidan na abinci
|
Ko ya samu
|
Ciki ake nufi
|
Maigida
|
Mijin ken an
|
Bari za kai
|
Habaici ne da ake yi ma maigida
|
Kala bata kai watan bakwai
|
Karinmagana ne da ake yi na maida martini,
ma’ana na miji gida ya gaji da yin dare
|
Shiruma magana ce
|
Habaici ne
|
Ɗan baba
|
Cikin da ake ɗauke da shi
|
Har mu gani
|
Mai gida ya faɗi maganar da baya
iya cikawa
|
Sannu
|
Gaisuwa ce da ake yi ma mai gida
|
Barka da zuwa
|
Gaisuwa ce lokacin da ya shigo gida
|
Za a tahi
|
Habaici ne da ake yi wa mai gida lokacin da
wani abokin yawon sa ya zo
|
4.5
Hausar Zawarawa a Garin Jibiya
Zawarawa
ko bajawara duk ɗaya ne, kuma jinsi ne na
maccen da aurenta ya mutu. Wata a wannan lokacin ne take samun wani yanci na
daban wanda yake saɓanin lokacin da tana
budurwa. Saboda tan a ganin dai-dai take da kowa, a lokacin da mace take
zawarci wata tana haɗuwa da wasu zawara na daban
wanda hasali ma ba ƙawayenta
ba ne, a lokacin da tana budurwa, saboda tafi ƙarfn
yin abota da ‘yan mata dalili da ta hau muhalin da ba su hau ba.
Kasancewar
haka zawarawa suna da wata al’ada ta su daban, wadda budurwa bata da nasaba da
ita. Haka kuma suna da ƙungiyoyinsu
saɓanin
‘yan mata da matan aure kamar “Ƙungiyar
Aure ba dole”. Wannan wata ƙungiya
ce, da zawara suka haɗa a garin Jibiya a 2001.
Wannan ƙungiya ta yi tasiri sai dai ba sosai ba.
Saboda Allah ya kawo ɗauki na kafa ƙungiyar “Amirul Bil Ma’aruf” Watau ƙungiyar Hani da mummunan aiki, koyi da
kyakkyawan aiki.
Sanadiyar
wani ‘yanci da zawarawa suke da shi ya haifar masu da wata Hausa ta musamman
wadda idan baki kai gogaggiyar ‘yar duniya ba, wata ma baki fahimtar ta, don tabbatar
da haka ga wasu ‘yan misalai kamar haka:
Hausar Zawarawa
|
Ma’anarta
|
An bijo – bijo
|
Ya ya ne
|
Ya kwalafayin to dish fen ɗin
|
Ya yau ne
|
Koofeen ne
|
Lafiya lau ne
|
Yau ba yankar biza
|
Yau ba yawo / ba zuwa ko ina
|
Ana wannan ruwa ina zan je
|
Ba kuɗi hannunta
|
Sai dai zuza
|
Dai dai ake
|
Lemon tsami
|
Raggon namiji
|
Ina ni ina kai
|
Haɓaici ne tafi karfin bajawarinta
|
Gara
|
Wanda ake yi ma wayo
|
Offisa
|
Wanda ake amshe ma abun hannun shi
|
Oga
|
Wanda ake so
|
Ko ina gidan wani take
|
Daɗin baki ne
|
Ba kai /ba ka yi
|
Bajawari mai shegen ɗumi/ Surutu
|
Mata suna suka tara
|
Habaici ko gogar zana ga wata mai son
bajawarin wata
|
Gata ga yanda take
|
Zawarar da bata iya amsar abin namiji ba
|
Abin zuba ruwa
|
Bajawari mai ƙaton ciki
|
Rijiya gaba dubu
|
Mace mai yawan aure
|
Sayar da manja
|
Jinin haila
|
4.6
Hausar Direbobi a Garin Jibiya
Dangane
da yin amfani da wata Hausa ta daban direbobi masu toka mota, ba a bar su a
baya ba. Sana’ar toki to jima a ƙasar
Jibiya, wadda har yanzu ana gudanar da ita. Ta kasance wata muhimmiyar sana’a
wadda an samu mutane da dama wanda wannan tokin ya kawo a garin na Jibiya wasu
daga Maraɗi (Niger Rep) wasu daga cikin gida nan
Nijeriya, wanda in ba ka yi amfani da tarihi ba baka sanin haka, saboda duk sun
zama ɗaya
da ‘yan asalin garin.
Wasu
hulɗa ta
toki a garin Jibiya tana da reshuna daban-daban, saboda akwai direbobi da dama
ma’ana akwai direbobin nesa da na kusa, haka kuma akwai direbobin (Smuggle)
fasakwabri da direbobin (Passenger), Jama’a haka ma garin akwai direbobin
manyan motoci da ƙanana.
A
sakamakon wannan mu’amular wannan rukunin al’ummar suma akwai Hausar da suke
amfani da ita domin samun kyakkawar fahimtar junansu. Misali:
Hausar Direbobi
|
Ma’anarta
|
Barde
|
Jarumi
|
Lamba wan
|
Wanda ya fara Lodi
|
Amaryar Sarkin tasha
|
Wanda bai loda komi ba (Empty)
|
Zabo ne
|
Matsoraci
|
Akwai
|
Wani zai sauka
|
Ina zuwa
|
Wane gari zaka
|
Je sama
|
Tafi
|
Malam goje
|
Yaron Mota
|
Dan mai mota
|
Wakilin mota
|
Tsohon kare
|
Yaron Mota mai kissa
|
Sai oga
|
Girmamawace/ Gaisuwa
|
Na ciwo shi
|
Ya tadda abokin tafiyar sa
|
Motar bata ja
|
Motar bata gudu
|
Jakka ce
|
Motar marar gudu
|
Ku bashi zane
|
Direban da baya son barin gida
|
Siniya
|
Babban direba
|
Wakilin mota
|
Jami’in kula da mota
|
Sarkin direbobi
|
Habaici ne, mai nuna iyawa
|
Ya taune
|
Direban da tuƙiya ya saki
|
Dan zaman Jarka
|
Mai motar da ake tafiya da shi kuma bai iya
mota ba
|
Yaron ya kai shege
|
Yabo ne, ma’ana yaron ya iya mota
|
Liba
|
Yaron dan ƙaramin Karen mota
|
Akuya
|
Rishin mutunci
|
Bullo ne
|
Fasinjan da ba za a karɓi kuɗinsa ba
|
Gyaaraa
|
Ƙari a bisa wajen
saukar fasinja
|
Saa wuta
|
Direba ya yi gudu
|
Zabii
|
Fasinjan da ba su hawan mota a cikin tasha
|
Kwalawa/ma’aikaci
|
Dan Sanda
|
Ajiye ta gabansa
|
Ayi fakin a gaban wata mota
|
Ana ɗan samu a nan
|
Ana samun fasinja koda yaushe
|
Ta kama lojin
|
Mota ta lalalce akan hanya
|
Tuwo da nama
|
Dan tasi
|
Yi mata lamba
|
A gogi wata mota
|
Ɗan gata
|
Direba ko yaron motar da ake ji da shi
|
4.7
Hausar ‘Yan tasha a Garin Jibiya
Tasha
waje ne na hawan mota wanda yake tattare da mutane daban-daban. Wasu kasuwanci
ke kawo su, su aiwatar su tafi, wasu kuma ta zamar masu mazauni. Tasha wuri ne
na mu’amular mutane da yawa, kusan duk wanda ya zo tamkar gida ne da wannan ne
suke yi mata kirari da cewa “Tasha baki haihuwa sai raino”. Tasha ta kasance
wata matattara da wasu al’umma ko jama’a na daban, wanda duk irin yanda ka zo
zaka tarar da akwai irin naka a wajen. Haka kuma ta kasance maɓoya
a wajen wasu mutane kamar mashaya da masu sai da kayan shaye-shaye da yara masu
gudun makaranta, da ‘yan mata masu tallace-tallace da 'yan duniya iri daban –
daban.
Hakan
shi ya haifar mata rashin tarbiya, da kuma fitsara da nuna isa ga duk wanda ya
ga ya kai ɗan duniya. Kusan duk Hausar da ‘yan
tasha ke amfani da ita kusan duk kalmomi ne na Habaici, gugar zana, shaguɓe da
nuna rashin girmamawa, kusan wasu ma batsa ce. Domin tabbatuwar wannan zance ga
‘yan misalai kamar haka:
Hausar ‘Yan Tasha
|
Ma’anarta
|
Wooss – Wus
|
Kira ne
|
Ji mana/ na ce ba
|
Duk kira ne
|
Yaron zamani
|
Macucin yaro
|
Kare
|
Wanda baya da mutunci
|
An hito / an fito
|
Gaisuwa ce
|
In dai tasha ce ga ka ga ta
|
Gargadi ne ake yi ma sabon zuwa
|
Ankar
|
Nuni ne akan wani abu
|
Yabi ta sama nai
|
Ya wuce shi
|
Dan wankiya
|
Macuci
|
Ƙwaro ne
|
Mai wayo ne
|
Yaron birni
|
Ba ƙyuya ba biyan buƙata
|
Ɗan birni
|
Yaro mai wayo
|
Yaron zamani
|
Ɗan iskan yaro
|
Dattijon Arziki
|
Wani
tsoho ne dake saida kayan alfasha
|
Yaron arziki
|
Yaron da yasan komi, game da alfasha
|
Yar ƙaramar ƙasa
|
Ƙaramar yarinya
malalaciya
|
Tsohon najadu
|
Tsohon banza
|
Boka
|
Makaryaci
|
Alhaji/Malam gyara
|
Wato namiji ya matsa
|
Fasa wannan
|
Neman canji ne
|
Inaa ne
|
Ina za ka
|
Ka dakee
|
Ka yi hakuri
|
Kuɗin gwamnati
|
Kuɗin lodin farko na mota
|
Hankali da Aljihu
|
Ɗan sane ya shigo
motar
|
Mun kasha gari
|
An samu kuɗi
|
Kancal
|
Mai ɓata harka/ dan shisshigi
|
Dan gwamna
|
Dan wiwi
|
Farar laya
|
Ƙullin wiwi
|
Haɗari
|
Jami’in tsaro baƙi
|
Muhamman
|
Bakon ido
|
Wa’ankar
|
A lura
|
Yaron birni
|
Yaro mai ƙyuya
|
4.8
Hausar ‘Yan Kabu – Kabu
Kabu
– Kabu sana’ace wadda wani rukunin mutane kan yi a cikin garin Jibiya. Wannan
sana’ar ana amfani da Babura (Mashuna) wurin amfani da su domin ɗaukar
mutane ko kaya daga wannan wuri zuwa wancan. Wannan sana’a ta samu sauye –
sauye ta fanin suna a zamani daban – daban kamar haka.
A farko ana kiran masu wannan sana’a
da ‘yan irga-irga a lokacin suna ɗaukar
mai (oil) da ake zubawa motoci da injina kamar fetur, gas, dab akin mai daga
kan iyakar Nijeriya zuwa cikin Jamhuriyar Nijer, daga baya suka koma ɗaukar
mutane cikin garin na Jibiya zuwa wasu wurare daba-daban, domin samun abin
rufin asiri (kuɗi) daga hannun waɗanda
aka ɗauka.
Haka
uma ana kiran su ‘yan kabu-kabu, ma’ana masu ɗaukar
kaya ko mutane daga wani wuri zuwa wani wuri. Bayan wannan ana kiransu ‘yan acaɓa,
ma’ana masu samun kuɗi ta sanadiyar sufurin
mutane ko kayak o wani aike ko aiki da za’a yi da babur (Mashin).
Daga
bisani zamani ya yi tasiri a sakamakon yawace-yawace da yan kabu-kabun ke yin a
garin Jibiya zuwa wurare daban-daban kamar Gusau da Abuja da Kaduna da Neja
domin samun abin masarufi wannan ya haifar ma sana’a sunaye da dama wanda wasu
daga harshen Turanci ne wasu kuma yarbanci kamar (Eɗpress)
Isfires ƙirƙira
suna ne daga titi ko hanyar da suke aiki a kanta. Haka kuma Okada daga harshen
Yarabanci.
Wannan
sana’a ita ma akwai wasu alamomi da masu aiwatar da ita ke amfani da su domin
isar da saƙo a tsakaninsu. Haka
kuma bayan amfani da daga hannu domin nuna ma mai tafiya zai hau mashin ne,
akwai kuma ɗaga kuɗi
domin neman canji, wannan duk wasu alamomi ne da suke amfani da su.
Haka
kuma ‘yan kabu-kabu akwai Hausar da suke amfani da ita domin isar da saƙo a tsakaninsu sai dai ba wata mai yawa
bace, kamar haka.
Hausar ‘Yan Kabu-Kabu
|
Ma’anarta
|
Gura Gura
|
Tsohon mashin
|
Huzila
|
Mai aiki Tuƙuru
|
Sabon Yanka
|
Wanda bai ida iya mashin ba
|
Sabon kamo
|
Wanda bai jima yana sana’ar ba
|
Famanan
|
Mai yin balas duk sati
|
Ɗan Faces
|
Wanda duk shekara sai an canja masa mashin
|
Ɗan Arufta
|
Mai gudu
|
Ɗan taɓa ka lashe
|
Wanda ke yin biya wani ɗan lokaci ko yini/
wuni
|
Ɗan dusta
|
Dan gayu, wanda ba ko’ina yake zuwa ba
|
‘Yan ziri-ziri
|
Masu yawo
|
Matattu /yan tasha
|
Masu zama waje ɗaya
|
Ɗan lilo
|
Mai matsala wajen biyan kuɗi
|
Go and Come
|
Turanci ne zuwa da dawo yake nufi
|
Ya ɗauki aje ɗin
|
Ya aikin
|
Baabaa
|
Salon gaisuwa ne
|
Balbeela
|
Wanda ba ya biyan kuɗi
|
Ɓata hazo
|
Babur mai hayaƙin
tsiya
|
Doki na
|
Mashin ɗina
|
Arfa
|
Yarin mai haiwan babur kuma bata da kuɗi
|
Koora
|
Yawan neman fasinji
|
Soojaa
|
Wanda bas hi da mashin
|
Soolo
|
Yawoo ba fasinja
|
Ta kulle
|
Ba fasinja
|
Tuu fason
|
Mutum biyu a mashin ɗaya
|
Zan-zam
|
Gyararre/ lafiyayye
|
Zaazuu
|
Shata/ ɗaukar mashin tsawon wani lokaci
|
Bata ƙarewa
|
Babu harka
|
Yawa
|
Ƙauyanci
|
Sama ko (off)
|
Hirji, wani ɗan gari ne cikin kasar Nijar kuma
matattara ce
|
Akwai nauyi
|
Kana da kuɗi
|
Kamowa
|
Samun aiki
|
Layun tsari
|
Kuɗi
|
Kasheshi bashi
|
Mashin ɗin da gwamnati ke badawa bashi
|
Ƙato da lage
|
Wake da shinkafa
|
Yaka Malam
|
Abincin sayarwa bakin titi
|
Lashe moni
|
Mace mai son kuɗi
|
Waku
|
Abinci
|
4.9
Kammalawa
A
wannan babi, bayan an gabatar da abin da babin za ya tattauna a kai, sai aka
fara duba akan wasu muhimman abubuwan da babin ya ƙunsa, ta fanin fito da wasu kalamai,
wanda lallai idan baka amsa sunanka Bahaushe ba, bai zama lallai kasan masu
maganar me suke faɗa ba.
Saboda
babin ya yi magana ne sosai a kan Hausar wasu rukunin al’ummar ƙasar Jibiya wanda kuma take a cikin ƙasar Hausa. Haka aka kammala babin da
bada wasu misalai na wasu kalmomi da ‘yan ƙananan
jimloli, wanda wasu ruƙunin
al’ummar harshen Hausa ne, wanda wannan wani ci gaba ne na musamman da harshen
ya samu, da wannan ne ake cewa, Allah ya ciyar da harshen Hausa gaba da ma
Hausar baki ɗaya.
BABI
NA BIYAR
Kammalawa
5.0 Gabatarwa:
A
cikin wannan babi wato na ƙarshe,
za a gabatar da wasu ‘yan shawarwari ga ‘yan uwanmu ɗalibai
da kuma jawabai na taƙaitawa
da na kammalawa tare da ta’aliƙin
wasu kalmomi da muka yi amfani da su, haɗi da
kuma kawo littafai, muƙalu,
kundaye da kuma wasu daga nazarce-nazarce da muka duba da tattaunawa da wasu
mutane, ko da akwai buƙatar
ƙarin bayani.
5.1
Taƙaitawa
An
gudanar da wannan kundin bincike ne ta hanyar yin amfani da babi – babi ɗai –
ɗai
har guda biyar, kamar yadda kowane bincike kan kasance, wasu kuɗin
bincike ma ya ɗauki tubar da waɗancan
suka ɗauka.
An fara wannan bincike ne da gabatarwa da yadda aikin zai kasance, an kuma kawo
manufar bincike da dalilin bincike da muhimmancin bincike da matsalolin bincike
da hasashen bincike da farfajiyar bincike da kuma yin amfani da manyan hanyoyin
gudanar da bincike. A babi na biyu kuwa mai bincike ya karkata aƙalar binciken wajen ganin an yi waiwaye
da kuma bitar ayukan da suka gabata masu alaƙa da
kusa da ma ta nesa da wannan aiki, inda aka yi duba da tarihin ƙasar Jibiya da Karin harsherukuni da
Karin harshen nahiya da ita kanta daidaitacciyar Hausa da sautukan Hausa da
wasulla da kuma haruffa tar da kamala wannan babi. Domin Hausawa na cewa
“Waiwaye adon tafya” Wannan ya haifar da waiwaye da kuma bitar ayyukan da suka
gabata daga bakin masana wannan fanni na Hausar rukuni da ta kan iyaka da
kammalawa.
A babi na uku kamar yadda Hausawa kan
ce “A san mutum a san cinikinsa”, Wannan ya haifar da yin bayani a kan sigogin
Karin harshen Jibiyanci da Garuruwa masu amfani da Hausar Jibiya da muhimmancin
kalmomin Hausa. Jibiya da Kalmomin. To tun da kuwa ana bincike ne a kan Karin
harsheda Hausar wasu mutane na kan iyaka ya zama wajibi da a warware zare daga
abawa. Hakan yasa a babi na huɗu a ka yi warwar aikin ta
hanyar fyeɗe biri har wutsiya. An bayyana sannan an
kawo ma’anar Hausar Malamai a garin Jibiya da Hausar ‘Yan Boko a garin Jibiya
da Hausar ‘Yan Kabo-Kabo a garin Jibiya da Hausar ‘yan tasha a garin jibiya da
Hausar Direbobi a garin Jibiya da Hausar matan aure da 'yan mata da zawarawa a
garin jibiya.
A
yayin da a ƙarshe sai aka fara naɗe
tabarmar binciken da taƙaitawar
abubuwan da suka gabata a wannan bincike, sai bayanin kammalawar binciken da
shawarwari da ta’aliƙin
wasu kalmomi da ake ganin an samo su ne dalilin wannan bincike. A ƙarshe – ƙarshen
wannan aiki an kawo manazarta wadda ta kasance jagora wajen ƙarin bayani a kan wani ko waɗansu
bincike makamantan wannan.
5.2
Kammalawa
Alhamdulillahi,
Masu iya magana kan ce “Karshen Alewa Ƙasa”
Wato komi ya yi farko yana da ƙarshe.
To tafiya ta yi tafiya, tun ana tunanin irin batun da za a gudanar domin ganin
tabbatuwar wannan aiki har ga shi Allah ya kaimu fagen da muke yin jawabin
kammalawa.
A
taƙaice dai mun kutsa cikin masana da
manazarta daban-daban, kuma an yi ƙoƙarin fito da wasu bayanai dangane da
wannan bincike mai taken “Jibiyanci a gurbin Hausa”.
A
nan ne aka kawo ƙarshen
wannan bincike da aka gudanar, muna roƙon
Allah (SAW) ya sanya masa albarka, kuma ya albarkaci duk wani mai nazarin
harshen Hausa, da kuma ɗaukacin al’umma gaba ɗaya,
ya kuma sanya ya zama sanadiyar ƙarin
ɗaukakar
harshen Hausa a duniya baki ɗaya.
5.3
Shawarwari
Kasancewar
duk wani aiki da mutum ya aiwatar ko ya gudanar akwai, buƙatar shawara a wajen sa. Domin cin
gajiyar wannan aiki da ya gabatar. Haka kuma a sakamakon wannan bincike, akwai
waɗansu
shawarwari da suka taso waɗanda ake ganin idan an dauke
su aka aiwatar za su haifar da ɗa mai ido. Waɗannan
shawarwari sun haɗa da:
i.
Duk wani mai nazarin harshen Hausa, wanda za
ya gudanar da bincike in har ya yi shige da wannan aiki da aka gabatar, to ya
daure ya dasa daga inda wannan aiki ya tsaya, kada su yi juyi wannan aiki
kawai. Saboda wannan baya taimakawa nazari ba ne. Ana kuma ƙara ba shi shawara kamar yadda aka ƙirƙiri
wannan batu, kuma aka yi shige-shige na ganin an tattaro bayanan da suka gina
wannan kundi ya zama abin karatu ga wasu, to lallai ya zama wajibi ga duk mai
nazari kuma mai kishin harshe da ya samar da abin da za ya ciyar da ‘yan baya.
ii.
A ci gaba da bincike mai alaƙa da harshe da walwalar harshe da
zamantakewar al’uma don haɓɓaka harkan koyo da koyarwa a
makarantu da cibiyoyin ilimi.
iii.
A halin da ake ciki a duniya yanzu ta zama
(Globalization), duniya a game take” To a sakamakon haka ya zama masu nazarin
zaman takewar al’umma musamman na Hausawa da su kansu Hausawan su riƙa duba irin wannan bincike don su yi
amfani da abin da suka koya wajen ganin an cigaba da yaɗa
harshen Hausa da al’adun Hausawa a duniya. Kasancewar harshe na taka muhimmiyar
rawa wajen isar da sakon kowane tunani da al’adun kowace al’umma.
iv.
Bahaushe na cewa “In kunne ya ji, to gangar jiki
ta tsira”. Saboda haka, masu nazarin walwalar harshe da zamantakewar al’umma da
jami’an tsaro da masu nazarin tattalin arziki da ma iyaye su karkato hankalinsu
zuwa wajen nazarin irin wannan ayyuka don ganin fasalta al’amurran da suka sa
gaba na yayansu da rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum.
v.
Masu nazarin zamantakewar al’umma na iya
nazartar harshe don haɓɓaka ko faɗaɗa
fagen ilimi.
vi.
Huumar hana sha da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi (NDLEA) ta ƙasa na iya nazartar harshe, don gano
yadda masu aikata wannan ɗanyen aiki suke sadarwa da
harshen Hausa, domin ganin rage ko kawar da wannan harka.
vii.
Irin wannan bincike zai iya haɓɓaka
harshe ta hanyar masu sana’o’i, watau a harkar kasuwancin su da ma rayuwa baki ɗaya.
viii.
Masu sharhin al’amuran yau da kullum na iya
nazartar harshe a matsayin majingina wajen fasatta al’ammura na yau da kullum
na rayuwar Hausawa ta hanyar sadarwa.
5.4
Ta’aliƙin
Wasu Kalmomi
1.
Al’ada - Madubin
Rayuwar al’umma
2.
Alaƙa - Dangantaka
3.
Akuya - Dabba
dangin kura, rago, Tunkiya ds
4.
Bakatsine Mutumin
ƙasar katsina
5.
Bula Kala
6.
Burgewa Mai
ban sha’awa (Ƙyau)
7.
Birni Babban
gari
8.
Balbela Tsuntu
dangin tantabata, kurciya ds
9.
Bincike Nazari
10. Dausayi
Fadama
11. Direba
Mai Tuƙa mota
12. Farfajiya
Muhalli
13. Goje
Maiƙarfi ko ƙwazo
14. Gara-gura
Mai tsamin baki
15. Hazo Yanayin /lokacin sanyi (Buda)
16. Himma
Hanzari, sauri
17. Inganci
Aminci
18. Jakka
Dabba dangin doki,
alfadari, barewa d.s
19. Kimtsi
Shiri. Natsuwa
20. Kwaro
Halitta dangin Turwa, Cinnaka,
kiyashi ds
21. Ƙoto Babba
22. Ƙarfa Mai
matsala
23. Karewa
An gama
24. Lage
Sandar Fulani
25. Lilo Yawo
26. Lajin
Dakin haya
27. Matsugunni
Wuri / Waje/ Guri
28. Muhamman
Muhammad
29. Musabbabi
Mafari, Asali
30. Mu’amula
Hulɗa
31. Na’am
Amsa Kira e
32. Nahiya
Yanki
33. Offisa
Ma’aikacin kaki
34. Ruftawa
Fadawa
35. Rukuni
Kungiya
36. Saɓani Akasi
37. Sakayawa
Ɓoyewa
38. Sama
Sararin samaniya
39. Soja
Ma’aikacin aikin soja
40. Wanki
Sikola
41. Wankiya
Daga wanki
42. Wuri Muhalli
43. Yaran
Hausawa Ɗiyan Hausawa
44. Zamani
Lokaci
45. Zakara
Tsuntsu ne dangin kaza, tantabara ds
46. Zaƙulo Samowa,
fitarwa
47. Zabo
Tsintsu ne, dangin kaza zakara
ds.
48. Zunubi
Sakamakon laifi (mummunan aiki)
5.5
Kammalawa
A
cikin wannan babi na ƙarshe
ne aka gabatar da wasu ‘yan shawarwari da taƙaita
wannan bincike tare da kammalawarshi, da ta’arifin wasu kalmomi daga cikin
kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su. Haka kuma aka kawo littafai, muƙalu, kundaye da wasu daga cikin nazarce
– nazarcen da aka duba domin ganin ginuwar wannan aiki, ko da akwai mai buƙatar ƙarin
bayani.
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