Taubasantakar Bazamfare Da Badakkare (3)

    Kundin Binciken Neman Digirin Farko (B.A Hausa) Wanda Aka Gabatar A Sashen Harsuna Da Al’adu Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau.

    Taubasantakar Bazamfare Da Badakkare (3)

    NA

    ABDULRAHMAN BALA

    Taubasantaka

     BABI NA UKU

    TAUBASANTAKA

    3.0 GABATARWA 

    Wannan babi an shirya shi ne don a “feÉ—e Biri har zuwa wutsiya,” ma’ana ayi luguden Kalmar taubasantaka da abin da ta Æ™unsa. Sannan kuma a wannan babin ne za a yi luguden taken wannan kundin binciken. Wato a cikin wannan babin ne za a san ma’anar Kalmar taubasantaka da asalinta sannan ayi bayanin su wane ne taubasai? Sai kuma bayani a kan “TAUBASANTAKAR BAZAMFARE DA BADAKKARE” wannan shi ne taken wannan bincike, daga nan sai a naÉ—e ko a kammala wannan babi.

     

    3.1 MA’ANAR TAUBASANTAKA

    Taubasantaka ruhi ne na ‘yan uwantaka a tsakanin al’umma, da tabbatar da cakuÉ—uwar Æ™abilu wuri guda, su tunkari manufa guda. Wasan taubasantaka yana inganta hulÉ—a tsakanin Æ™abilu waÉ—anda kafin faruwarsa ba sa ga maciji da junansu a harkar siyasa da al’ada. Irin wannan wasan taubasantakar kuwa ya haÉ—a da wanda yake gudana a tsakanin Fulani da Barebari da tsakanin Tibi da Fulani, da tsakanin katsinawa da Nufawa da tsakanin Hausawa da Jukunawa, Kanawa da Zagezagi da sauransu, IBB(18/5/1991) Kaduna.

     

    Wasan Taubasantaka: Wannan kan batu na wasan taubasantaka, batu ne da yake É—auke da kalmomi guda biyu, wasa da kuma barkwanci ba’a fara da ta farko, ko a fara kawo ma’anar ko wanensu daban, sannan daga bisani a kawo ma’anarsu a dunÆ™ule kamar yadda suke haÉ—e.

     

    Wasa dai a Hausance abu ne da yake nufin ba’a ko raha ko wani abin da aka yi shi, amma ba da gaske ba. Za a kuma iya fassara wasa da cewa duk wani aiki ko magana da aka yi da gangan ba da nufin muzantawa ba. Wannan ta sa idan mutum ya yi wata magana ko aiki ga wani ya ga ran mutumin ya É“aci yakan ce ai ni wasa nake yi.

     

    Ita ma taubasantaka ma’anarta na da É“urbushin wannan ma’ana tare da ita. Domin kuwa masana sun fassara ta suka ce taubasanaka zantuka ne na raha ko wasa da mutane, ko wasu mabambantan al’ummomi suke yi wa junansu don nishaÉ—i tare da zolaya (ÆŠangambo: 1984).

     

    A dunÆ™ule za a iya fassara wasan taubasantaka da cewa wasa ne da mutane ke gudanarwa ta hanyar zantuttuka a tsakaninsu da suka haÉ—a da zolaya ko tsarguwa, gami da wasan ‘yan gajerun labarai da suka taÉ“a faruwa ko aka Æ™irÆ™ire su da nufin daÉ—aÉ—awa ko tsokana don a yi dariya.

    Wasan taubasantaka wata dangantaka ce da al’ada ta yarda da wanzuwarta a tsakanin mutane biyu. Ko a tsakanin al’ummu a duk inda suka haÉ—u sai sun zolayi juna, ko tunzura juna ba tare da an sami wani saÉ“ani a tsakaninsu ba (Brown 1952).

    Wasan taubasantaka zantuttukan raha ne da bandariya da mafi yawan al’ummomi suka aminta da wanzuwarsa don adana tarihinsu da yaukaka zumunci (Tukur A. 1994).

     

    Ni kuma a fahimtata ina ganin za a iya fassara wasan taubasantaka da cewa, wata hanya ce mai Æ™arfafa zumunci a tsaanin al’ummomi mabambanta cikin sauÆ™i, ta hanyar zolayar juna ko tsonaka, ko suka don a yi raha da dariya. Hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon auratayya ko yaÆ™i da makamantansu.

     

    Abu ne mai wuya dangane da asalin faruwar wasan taubasantaka a rayuwar É—an adam a bugi Æ™irji a ce ga lokacin ko wurin da aka fara yin wasan taubasai a duniya. Amma duk da wannan matsalar an sami wasu bayanai daga masana tarihi da suke nuna cewa É—an adam ya fara wasa ne a daidai lokacin da ya fara aiwatar da sana’arsa ta farko a duniya. Ya kan yi wasa ko zolaya ga abokin kasuwancinsa, don ya samu shawo kansa har ya samu ya saye ko a saye sana’ar (Yahaya, I.Y 1981).

     

    Dangane da was an taubasantaka kuwa, wasa ne da faÉ—in farkon faruwarsa a wajen É—an adam yake da wuyar gaske. Ba ma kamar idan muka yi la’akari da cewa abu ne da ya fara wanzuwa tun farkon kafuwar al’umma. Amma kuma idan aka yi la’akari da halayyar É—an adam ta son sararawa da hutawa da annashuwa da raha inda a duk lokacin da yake hutawa a cikin ‘yan uwansa yana yin hira da ‘yan zantuttukan barkwanci na ban dariya. To sai a ce wasan ya faro ne tun farkon kafuwar al’umma. “Rai dangin goro ne, ban iska yake so” (Umar 1990).

     

    Wasu kuma masana tarihi suna ganin cewa, wasan taubasantaka ya samo asali ne a lokacin da aka fara yaÆ™e-yaÆ™e a Æ™asar Hausa, wato da an gwabza yaÆ™i a tsakanin juna, to duk wanda ya yi nasara shi ne ubangiji. Shi kuma wanda ya faÉ—i ya zama bawa, misali kamar Bagobiri da Bakatsine, Katsinawa su ne iyayengijin Gobirawa. Domin sun sha kasha a hannun Katsinawa har suka ce “A mazaya a kai iri gida,” kuma shi irin wannan wasa suna yin sa ne a ko da yaushe muddin suka haÉ—u da juna. Misali Bagobiri yakan riÆ™e rigar Bakatsine ya ce da shi ya ba shi dukiyarsa ko ya rotsa masa kai, yanzu banza. Shi kuma Bakatsine yakan ce a mazaya in ba ka sakar mini riga ba, ina mai she ka bauta yanzun nan. Haka zai cigaba da riÆ™e rigar bakatsine duk lokacin da suka haÉ—u, ko ya san shi ko ai san shi ba.  Ire-iren waÉ—annan dalilan suka sa wasu masana suke ganin cewa wasan taubasantaka ya samo asali ne daga yaÆ™i (BaÉ“ura S.A 1983).

     

    Wasu kuma daga cikin manazarta sun jingina asalin taubasantaka da auratayya, wato taubasantaka ta samo asali ne ta dalilin auratayya. Suka ƙara kafa hujja da cewa ta dalilin auratayya akwai wasanni da dama da auratayya ne silar samar da su. Misali wasan jika da kaka, wasan Ɗan mace da ɗan namiji, wasan ƙanin miji ko wasan miji da ƙanwar matarsa da sauransu. Sun yi iƙirarin cewa duk waɗannan wasanni auratayya ne silar samuwarsu. (M.B Umar 1988).

     

    A taÆ™aice dai kamar yadda muka ga bambance-bambance ko saÉ“anin ra’ayoyin masana a kan asalin taubasantaka, za mu iya cewa babu wata takamaimar hujjar da aka tsaida cewa ala tilas ita ce asalin taubasantaka.

     

    3.2 SU WANE NE TAUBASAI

    Wannan fanni kuma zai Æ™unshi bayanai ne a kan jinsuna ko al’ummomin da suke taubasan juna. “Abin da yawa mutuwa da ta shiga kasuwa”, wato taubasantakar ta kasu kashi kashi ne. Akwai taubasan juna na cikin gida, akwai kuma taubasan juna tsakanin wannan al’ummar da waccan al’ummar.

     

    Za mu fara da taubasantakar da ke tsakanin al’ummomi mabambanta (na cikin gida da na waje) ma’ana Hausawa da wata Æ™abila, da kuma taubasantakar Hausawa da Hausawa.

     

    Taubasantakar katsinawa da Nufawa da taubasantakar Kanawa da Gwandarawa. Sai Hausawa da Igo da kuma Hausawa da Buzaye da Zamfarawa da Kanawa. Haka kuma akwai taubasantaka tsakanin Kano da Daura, da kuma taubasantaka a tsakanin Zazzagawa da Kanawa. Har wa yau akwai wasar taubasantaka tsakanin HaÉ—ejawa da Katagumawa, sai Katsinawa da Kabawa, da Gobirawa da Yarbawa da kuma Fulani da barebari. Haka kuma Katsinawa da Hadejawa suna wasa tsakaninsu, sai Kanawa da Gwandarawa; da dai sauransu. Ga baki É—aya waÉ—annan al’ummomi huÉ—É—ar taubasantaka ce ta haÉ—a wasu da wasu, sai dai bambancin da za a samu wasu daga cikinsu yaÆ™i ne silar zamansu taubasan juna. Wasu kuma auratayya ce silar zamansu taubasai (Tukur A. 1994).

     

    Sai kuma wasan taubasantaka tsakanin dangi a cikin al’ummar Hausawa. Ita kuma wannan nau’in taubasantakar ita ce ta cikin gida. Ta É—an sha bamban da waccan taubasantakar. Dalili ita waccan gaba É—ai al’umma ce ke wasa da wata al’ummar. Ita kuma wannan É—ai-É—ai-kun mutane ne ke aiwatar da ita, misali; wasan taubasantaka tsakanin jika da kaka, wasan Æ™anin miji da wasan taubasantakar É—an mace da É—an namiji. Haka kuma da wasan saurayi da Æ™anwar Budurwa ko miji da Æ™anwar matarsa da sauransu. WaÉ—annan su ne manya-manayn dangogi guda biyu da suke gudanar da wasan taubasantaka (Tukur A. 1994).

     

    3.4 TAUBASANTAKAR BAZAMFARE DA BADAKKARE

    Hausawa sun ce “Ana dara sai ga dare ya yi”. Wato haÆ™a ta kusa ta fara cimma ruwa. A wannan bagire kuma an É—an samu bambanci ra’ayi, sai dai kuma akwai tarihin hujjojin da za su yi alÆ™alanci don tabbatar da gaskiya; wato a tarihance, babu makawa a kowane irin bincike aka yi za a tarar cewa ba za a iya raba zamfarawa da Dakarkari ba, matuÆ™ar dai za a yi la’akari da daÉ—aÉ—en tarihi na wajen Æ™arni na goma sha shida.

     

    Taubasantakar Bazamfare da Badakkare taubasantaka ce irin ta jika da kaka. Wato Badakkare jika ne ga Bazamfare; an gano hakan ne ta la’akari da bayanan masana tarihi da kuma wasu hujjoji na daban. Misali Wasu masana tarihi kamar P.G da Harris (1938) sun ce “Dakka asalinshi daga Zamfarawan Dutsi a gundumar Zurmi ne, su kuma Dakarkarin jikoki ne ga Dakka. Wato mai yawon farauta da aka faÉ—i a Æ™asar Bukkum, ya zama É—a ne ko jikan Dakka wanda ya yi kaura zuwa Æ™asar Dakarkari. Ya kuma sa wa mutanensa suna “Dakka” don riÆ™o da sunan kakansa (Harris, 1938).

     

    Wasu tsofaffi mutanen Dabai (wato hedikwatar Dakarkari) sun bayar da tarihinsu kamar haka; “Dakarkari sun samo asali ne daga Bukkuyum ta cikin Æ™aramar hukumar Bukkuyum ta jihar Zamfara. Sun ce wani mutum ne ya fito zuwa yankin wanda ake kira Dabai ya fito ne yin farauta har ya kawo wurin da iyalinsa har zuriyarsa ta bunÆ™asa (Bugaji 1985).

     

    Harris (1938) a cikin aikace-aikacensa, cewa ya yi, wani mutum mafarauci da yake yawon farauta mai suna “Dakka” shi ne asalin Dakarkari har ma akan yi masu kirari da “Na Dakka maganin wawonta.” Ma’ana zuriyar Dakka maganin Yarinya.

     

    Muhammad (1982) ya ce “akwai auratayya a tsakanin Hausawa da Dakarkari tun kafin zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka, har ma daga cikin iyalan sarkin zuru da na Dabai akwai Hausawa.

     

    Dangantakar Bazamfare da Badakkare mai yawa ce da kuma armashi a tsakanin waÉ—annan al’ummomi guda biyu, musamman kasancewarsu farfajiya guda, wurin zama ne kawai ya raba su.

     

    Asalin taubasantakar tasu shi ne wato ana jin su Dakarkari jikoki ne ga Zamfarawa, su Zamfarawa suna ganin wasa ya shiga tsakaninsu da (Kabawa) Dakarkari ne a zamanin Sarkin Zamfara Dakka domin shi ne É—ansa ya yi hijira ya shiga yawon farauta, har ya zauna a dajin dabai daga baya ya zo ya É—auki matarsa suka koma dabai da zama, nan ya cigaba da haihuwa har ya fara tara zuri’a. Sai kuma baÆ™in mafarauta da su ka yi ta zuwa suna ya da zango a wurin har wurin ya bunÆ™asa ya zama gari. Don haka waÉ—annan ‘ya’ya da É—anÉ—an Sarki Dakka ya Haifa sai suka zama jikoki kuma taubasai ga dakka da kuma Zamfarawa.

     

    Yanayin wasan nasu ko taubasantakarsu ta sha bamban saboda ba su yi wa junansu wani kirari yayin wannan wasa, sai dai ‘yan zantuka na bandariya da yi wa juna shaÆ™iyanci, amma ba irin na cin zarafi ba.

     

    Wannan shi ne ra’ayi mafi Æ™arfi da rinjaye a kan taubasantakar da ke tsakanin Bazamfare da Badakkare. Sai kuma wani ra’ayi mai É—an burbushin gaskiya sai dai ba wasu ingantattun hujjoji da za su Æ™arfafa shi, ra’ayin shi ne wanda aka samu daga (Hon. Ibrahim Dan Madami). Ya ce an ce Ali Jan masari (Ali Bazamfare) ya baro gidansu na asali ne tun a farkon farkon Æ™arni na 18, bayan rikicin sarauta ya yi masa tsamari, sai ya yanke shawarar barin danginsa.

     

    Da fari ya soma ƙirƙirar wani gari da a halin yanzu ke kudu maso arewa da garin Mayanci na kan hanyar Gusau zuwa Sakkwato (Idan an wuce garin Maru). Ana kiran wannan gari da sunan Mafarar Garangi. An ce ya laƙaba sunan ne saboda ya amsa sunan Sarkin Mafara ya kuma kira kanshi sarkin Mafaran Garangi.

     

    Daga baya sai yaƙi ya barke a tsakanin shi da Sarkin Zamfaran Anka Yakubu, wanda shi ne sanadiyyar da ya sanya Ali Jan Masari (Ali Bazamfare) ya ƙara tafiya zuwa yamma da garin Anka, inda ya ƙirƙiri wani gari mai suna Bukkuyum).

     

    Matsin lambar da Sarki Ali Jan Masari ke yi wa ƙabilar Dakkarkari, a wancan lokaci babu garin Zuru sai dai garuruwa irinsu zugu da Dabai da su Danko da sauransu, ta kai ga ya samu nasarar kisan sarkin Danko, wanda a wancan lokaci kusan shi ne jagoran wannan ƙabila ta Dakarkari, inda Ali Jan masari ya tsire kanshi ya zo da shi a garin shi na Bukkuyum, ya kuma laƙabawa kanshi Sarautar Sarkin Danko a Bukkuyum (Sarkin Dankon Bukkuyum).

     

    Bisa wannan galaba da ya samu a kansu sai ya zama yana juya cibiyar masarautar Dakarkari lokaci zuwa lokaci. Yakan yi ikonsa daga Bukkuyum har zuwa Danko ko Ɗangurumfa ko zugu. Shi ne kuma dalilin da ya sa Zamfarawan Bukkuyum da Gummi da Talata Mafara (da suke zuriya ɗaya) da ma Zamfarawan Anka (da ba su da zumunci na jini da mutanen Bukkuyum da Gummi da Talata Mafara) suka dinga tsokanan (Shaguɓen) ƙabilar Dakarkari, su na nuna irin rashin ƙwazonsu wajen gwabzawa da Zamfarawan Bukkuyum ƙarƙashin ikon Ali jan masari. An ce sannu a hankali sai wannan abu ya kasance wasa tsakaninsu ya zuwa yau.

     

    3.5 NAÆŠEWA

    Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, za mu ga cewa wasan taubasantaka ya yi kane-kane a cikin wasanni da ‘yan uwantaka da auratayya da hayayyafa ne suka wanzar da shi. Kuma bayan gwargwa an kawo bayanai waÉ—anda ake sa ran cewa za su gamsar da mai karatu, kuma bayanan sun bayyana mana irin taubasantakar dake tsakanin Bazamfare da Badakkare. Sannan kuma an kawo wasu misalai na waÉ—ansu taubasan daban, kuma an kawo ma’anar ita kanta Kalmar taubasantakar da kuma yadda ta samo asali, kamar yadda muka ji ra’ayoyin masana.


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    HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.