Ganga Dogarau da Misalanta a Hausa
Idris
Abubakar
Hafsat
Muhammad
Hauwa
Mu’azu
Babani
Ibrahim Aminu
Huwaila
Abubakar
Gabatarwa
Wannan takarda da za a gabatar za ta yi
bayani ne kan “ganga dogarau”. Amma kafin nan yana da kyau a ce mu bayyana
ma’anar “ganga”, kafin mu zo mu ga abin da ganga dogarau take nufi, sannan mu
duba yadda ita kanta ganga dogarau ke sarrafuwa a cikin jimla, sannan mu duba
wani irin dangantaka ko yarjejeniya za a iya samu tsakanin ganga dogarau da
kuma jinsi da adadi.
Me
ake nufi da ganga?
Ganga wani jerin kalmomi ne na nahawu,
wanda bai kai jimla ba. Haka kuma shi wannan jeri haɗe
yake da aikatau. Misali:
Ø da
suka gama
Ø wanda
suka zo
Ø inda
na gan su d.s.
A
Hausa ganga iri biyu ce ta fuskar tsari, kamar haka:
Ø Ganga
dogarau
Ø Tsayayyiyar
ganga
Amma
wannan takarda za ta yi bayani ne kan ganga dogarau kamar yadda muka ambata a
jawabin mu na gabatarwa.
Ganga
Dogarau
Ganga dogaru wani nau’i ne na ganga,
wadda ba ta iya zama ita kaɗai a jimla. Maimakon
haka, lalle ne ta dogara da wani abin daban. Misali:
Ø Ya
zo bayan sun tashi
Ø Sun
shiga da aka kira su
Ø Za
mu saya in an samu
Ø Waɗanda
suka zo, sun koma
Ø In
za ka tafi kasuwa, zan ba ka saƙo
Ø In
ɗaliban sun zo,
za mu shiga aji
Ø Za
a kama ta, idan an gan ta
Ø In
da sarki ya iso, da mun ji kakaki.
Ø Wanda
ya zo aji jiya, ya makara d.s.
Kamar
yadda za a gani, jerin kalmomi na:
Ø Bayan
sun tashi…
Ø Da
aka kira su….
Ø In
an samu…
Ø Waɗanda
suka zo…
Ø In
za ka tafi kasuwa….
Ø In
ɗaliban sun zo..
Ø Idan
an ganta…
Ø In
da sarki ya iso…..
Ø Wanda
ya zo aji jiya….
Kowannensu
yana matsayin “ganga dogarau” ne. kowanne ka ɗauka
shi kaɗai ba zai zauna ba.
Shi ya sa ganga ta:
Ø Ta
jumlar farko ta dogara da “ya zo”
Ø Ta
biyu ta dogara da “sun shiga”
Ø Ta
uku ta dogara da “za mu saya”
Ø Ta
huɗu ta dogara da “sun koma”
Ø Ta
biyar ta dogara da “zan ba ka saƙo”
Ø Ta
shida ta dogara da “za mu shiga aji”
Ø Ta
bakwai ta dogara da “za a kama ta”
Ø Ta
takwas ta dogara da “da mun ji kakaki”
Ø Ta
tara ta dogara da “ya makara”
A
taƙaice ganga dogarau ba ta iya tsayawa
da ƙafafunta. Maimakon haka, tilas ne ta
dogara da wani sashe ko ɓangare na tsayayyiya.
Sarrafuwar
Ganga Dogarau A Cikin Jimla
Dangane da sarrafuwar ganga a cikin
jimla kuma za a iya duba ganga dogarau ta fuskoki guda huɗu
kamar haka:
i.
Ganga dogarau a matsayin aikau
ii.
Ganga dogarau a matsayin karɓau
iii.
Ganga dogarau a matsayin cikamako
iv.
Ganga dogarau a matsayin bayanau
A)
Ganga Dogarau a Matsayin Aikau
Ø Waɗanda
suka zo sun koma
Ø Wanda
ya gan su zai yi dariya
Ø Wadda
ta ji za ta faɗa d.s.
aikau
A waɗannan
misalai, waɗanda suka zo, wanda ya gan su, wadda ta ji duka ‘ganga
dogarau’ ne a matsayin “aikau”. Wato kowace ganga ita ce mai aikin a wannan
jimlar.
B)
Ganga Dogarau a Matsayin Karɓau
Ø Mun
san waɗanda suka zo
karɓau
Ø
Ø Ya
san yadda ake yi
Ø Ya
san wadda ta gudu
karɓau
don haka duk ganga dogarau ɗin
nan da muka ba da misalai da su a matsayin karɓau.
Ma’ana su ne aikin ya faɗa kansu, wato su ne suka karɓi
aikin.
C)
Ganga Dogarau a Matsayin cikamako
Ø Sun
tafi inda aka aike su
cikamako
Ø Ya
dawo wurin da aka haife shi
Ø Ta
koma inda aka umarce ta
cikamako
A
nan ma, inda aka aike su, da aka haife shi, da inda aka umarce ta, kowanne
ganga ne amma “dogarau a matsayin cikamako”. Haka kuma kowanne ya jiɓanci
wuri ne.
Amma a lura da kyau, waɗannan
ba ganga ba ne a matsayin karɓau. Aikatau ɗin
nan guda uku, wato tafi, dawo, koma, duk “ƙi-karɓau”
ne, marasa ɗaukar karɓau.
D)
Ganga Dogarau a Matsayin Bayanau
Haƙiƙa, har wa yau “ganga” tana ɗaukar
matsayin bayanau. Bayanau dai kamar yadda muka sani, yana bayyana aikatau ne a
jumla. Ba kamar ganga a matsayin cikamako ba inda wannan gangar ke jiɓantar
wuri kawai ba, ganga a matsayin bayanau tana dangantar abubuwa da dama kamar
su:
Ø Lokaci
Ø Wuri
Ø Sharaɗi
Ø Yanayi
Ø Zaɓi
d.s.
Lokaci
Ø Sun
zo bayan mun tashi
Ø Ba
zai sake zuwa ba har ya mutu
bayanau
Ø
bayanau
A
wannan, ana samun wuri da, inda, a farko d.s. misali:
Ø Ta
gan su wurin da suke zaune
Ø Na
bi shi wurin da yake aiki
Ø An
raka ta inda za ta tafi d.s
bayanau
A
wannan kuma ana samun kalmar idan, muddin, sai. Misali:
Ø Za
su yi fushi idan aka ɓata
musu rai
bayanau
Ø Za
mu saya muddin muka sami kuɗi
bayanau
Ø
Bayanau
A
wannan ana samun kalmar yadda a farko. Misali:
Ø Sun
yi shi yadda aka umarce su
Ø Zan
ba shi yadda yake so
Ø Mun
yarda da shi yadda aka ce d.s.
bayanau
Zaɓi
Ø Sai
ya yiwo aike maimakon ya zo
Ø Za
na saya maimakon na roƙa
Ø Sun
cinye maimakon su rage d.s.
bayanau
Haƙiƙa, waɗannan
misalai sun nuna alaƙa da abubuwa
daban-daban da ganga dogarau a matsayin bayanau take da ita. Tana yin nuni da
“lokaci”, “sharaɗi”, “wuri”, “yanayi” da “zaɓi”.
Dacewar
Ganga Dogarau da Jinsi da Adadi
Za mu tabbatar da cewar akwai
yarjejeniya ko dacewa tsakanin ganga dogarau da jinsi da kuma adadi idan muka
duba waɗannan misalan ganga dogara ɗin:
Ø bayan
sun tashi
Ø a
matsayin ganga dogarau
Zai
iya ɗaukan jinsi mace ko namiji sannan kuma jam’i.
Ø wadda
ta zo => a matsayin ganga dogarau
jinsi
mace ne sannan kuma tilo.
Ø Waɗanda
suka mutu => Ganga dogarau
Jinsin
namiji/mace sannan kuma jam’i
Ø Wanda
ya zo => Ganga dogarau
Jinsin
namiji kuma tilo
Ø Inda
aka aike su => Ganga dogarau
Jinsin
namiji/mace sannan jam’i
Ø Wurin
da aka haife shi => Ganga dogarau
Jinsin
namiji kuma tilo
Ø Inda
aka umurce ta => Ganga dogaro
Jinsin
mace kuma tilo
Ø Har
ya mutu => Ganga dogarau
Jinsin
namiji kuma tilo
Ø Inda
za ta tafi => Ganga dogarau
Jinsin
mace kuma tilo.
A taƙaice za mu ga dacewar ganga dogarau da jinsi da adadi a fili
kamar yadda misalan da suka gabata a sama suka nuna mana. Don haka za mu iya taƙaita misalan a jadawalance kamar haka:
|
Ganga Dogarau |
Jinsi |
Adadi |
1.
|
bayan sun tashi |
MC/NMJ |
Jam’i |
2.
|
wadda ta zo |
MC |
Tilo |
3.
|
waɗanda suka mutu |
MC/NMJ |
Jam’i |
4.
|
wanda ya zo |
NMJ |
Tilo |
5.
|
Inda aka aike su |
MC/NMJ |
Jam’i |
6.
|
Wurin da aka haife shi |
NMJ |
Tilo |
7.
|
Inda aka umurce ta |
MC |
Tilo |
8.
|
Har ya mutu |
NMJ |
Tilo |
9.
|
Inda za ta tafi |
MC |
Tilo |
Kammalawa
A gaba ɗaya
kuma inda muka ce “ganga” jeri ne na kalmomi na nahawu, wanda bai kai jimla ba.
Ganga ta fuskar tsari iri biyu ce. Akwai dogarau da tsayayyiya, amma mu aikin
mu a kan “dogarau” ce wadda muka ce faufau ba ta zama ita kaɗai,
sannan muka ce dangane da sarrafuwa a cikin jimla kuma, ganga dogarau tana taka
rawa a matsayi daban-daban har huɗu,
wato a matsayin “aikau”, “karɓau”, “cikamako” da kuma
“bayanau”. Inda muka ce bayanau ma ya kasu da dama kamar su: wuri, yanayi,
lokaci, sharaɗi da zaɓi. Bayan haka sai muka duba dacewar ko yarjejeniyar ganga
dogarau da jinsi da adadi.
Madogara
Tuntuɓi masu gudanarwa.
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