In Heroes of The Hausa Land, Department of Nigerian Languages and Linguistics, Kaduna State University, 2017. Pp 315-/Isbn: 978-978-960-555-2
Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruƙ A Matsayin Gwarzo A
Fagen Ilimi
Rabi Mohammed
Rabimohammeddatti@gmail.com
08060771666
Tsakure
Idan an ce ‘gwarzo’, to ana nufin
jarumin mutum wanda ya yi fice na musamman a kan wani abu wanda zai jawo
hankalin al’umma a kai. Gwarzantaka tana samuwa ta fuskoki da dama a rayuwa,
kamar a yaƙi ko farauta ko dambe ko shugabanci ko a Adabi ko ta
fannin yaɗa ilimi da suransu.
To malam Rabi’u Muhammada Zarruƙ jarumin mutum ne ta fuskar ilmantarwa
a fannin harshen Hausa. Ya zama jarumin ne saboda ayyukan da ya yi, suna jawo
hankulan mutane a kai. Fannin karatunsa dai, zane-zane ne wanda ya yi amfani da
shi wajen ciyar da harshen Hausa gaba. Yana da kaifin basira wanda ya sa
Jami’o’i suka aminta da shi har ya taka tsanin da ba mai iya takawa sai jarumin
mutum. Za a iya zaƙulo misalai a cikin rubuce-rubucensa da koyarwarsa a fito
da shi a matsayin gwarzon malamin Hausa. Haka halayensa na zaman duniya akwai
jaruntaka domin samun irinsu yana da wuya. Babu shakka akwai abin mamaki da
sha’awa tattare da wannan bawan Allah wanda wannan takarda za ta yi bita.
Gabatarwa
Malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruƙ ba ɓoyayye ba ne ga
masana da manazarta harshen Hausa a kusan ko’ina. Mutum ne jarumi wanda bai ji
gumi ba a lokacin rayuwarsa. Ya yi aiki tuƙuru ta fuskar raya
ilimi a duka fannonin nazarin Hausa. Sai dai ya fi fice a fannin harshe saboda
ya fi yawaita rubutu da karantarwa a ɓarayin.Ya zama dole a jinjina wa wannan bawan
Allah ganin cewa shi ba a fannin Hausa ya fara fice ba domin ba shi da shaidar
Digirin farko a Hausa. Kai hasali ma, tsatson kakanninsa ba Hausawa ba ne,
Bare-bari ne. Amma kuma ayyukan da ya yi, ya tsera wa wasu masu nazari a fannin
nesa ba kusa ba. Wannan ya nuna cewa shi mutum ne mai kishin al’ummar da ya buɗe ido a ciki, wato
Hausawa. Wato a cikinsu aka haife shi, ya kuma taso a matsayin Bahaushe. Don
haka wannan takardar za ta nuna cewa Malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruƙ yana cikin sahun
Gwarazan malaman Hausa irin su Farfesa M.K.M Galadanci da Farfesa Ibrahim Yaro
Yahaya waɗanda sun yi wafati,
amma ana cin moriyar ayyukansu a matakai daban-daban na neman ilimi. An kuma
fito wa duniya su a matsayin jiga-jigan Hausa domin gwanaye ne su a fagen. (Ɗangambo:2002:130).
Yin hakan na da muhimmanci domin shi ma malam Zarruk an ɗauke alƙalami a kansa, wato
ba ya raye a doron ƙasa. Amma ayyukan alherin da ya yi a zamanin rayuwarsa,
za su sa a daɗe ana tunawa da shi tare
da yi masa fatan kyakkyawan sakamako. Misali, ni mai gabatar da shi a matsayin
Gwarzo, ban zo duniya ba a lokacin da ya fara harkar koyarwa. Amma ina cikin waɗanda suka riske shi a
jami’ar Ahmdu Bello ta Zariya a shekara 1999. Karantarwarsa ta ja hankalin
jama’a ƙwarai da gaske domin
akwai sha’awa saboda ya ƙware, ya kuma naƙalci dabarun koyarwa.
Wani muhimmancin da ke tattare da irin wannan bincike shi ne, sanin asali da
halaye da ayyukan mutumin kirki na zaburar da wasu su dage a kan samun
kwatankwacinsa a rayuwarsu.
Asali Da Haihuwarsa
Marigayi Malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruƙ mutumin Gumel ne a
cikin jihar Kano a da, Jigawa a yanzu. An haife shi ne a ranar goma ga watan
Maris, shekara ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da arba’in
da biyar (10/03/1945). Dangane da asalin mahaifansa kuwa, iyalansa sun ce: “ A
gidansu dai su huɗu ne. Da shi da baba Ɗangoggo da baba
Halima da baba A’isha. Kakansu Ahmadu Zarruk, wanda a hannunsa baba ya girma,
shi kuma `ya`yansa biyu. Da Turaki Ahmadu da Turaki Abubakar. Turaki Abubakar
shi ya haifi Afatahu wanda shi ne mahaifin su baba.
Neman Iliminsa
Marigayi malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruk
ya yi karatunsa na Firamare a Ɗahiru Atta Primary School Gumel. Daga
nan sai ya tafi Katsina Teachers College. Bayan nan sai ya tafi TC Wudil. (Daga
bakin iyalansa). Jadawalin ayyukansa wanda ya rubuta da kansa, na nuna cewa ya
halarci Babbar Kwalejin horar da malamai
da ke Kano (ATC Kano), inda ya ci nasarar samun shaidar takardar malanta ta ƙasa, (NCE ) a shekara
ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da
tara (1969). Ba tare da jinkiri ba, a shekara ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba’in
da ɗaya, (1971) ya ƙaro ilimi a matakin
B.S Ed a Jami’ar Ohio da ke Landan. Har wa yau, ya sami nasarar samun ilimi a
mataki na M.Ed a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya.
Dangantakarsa Da Iyali
Marigayi Malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruƙ ya amsa sunan
cikakken mutum wanda ya bi sawun addininsa da al’adarsa. Wato musulmin Bahaushe
ne wanda ya rayu da matan aure guda huɗu. Ga dai ta bakin `ya`yansa:
“Aurensa huɗu. Ta farko ba a
zauna ba, kuma babu `ya`ya tsakani. Ta biyu kuma ta haifa masa `ya`ya takwas
amma biyu sun rasu, sauran duk suna raye. Ta uku kuma ta Haifa masa `ya`ya amma
biyu ke raye a yau. Uwargidansa ta rasu a shekara ta 1994. Allah ya azurta shi
da `ya`ya ashirin da huɗu (24). Sha uku maza,
sha ɗaya kuma mata. Amma
yanzu a raye akwai maza 12 mata 10. Allah ya yi wa ɗansa na farko rasuwa
saboda rauni da aka yi masa a ka wajen aikin haihuwa. Guda kuma ta rasu a
larura ta wuta da ta ƙona ta tana kimanin shekara takwas da haihuwa.”
Da kuma aka tuntuɓi iyalin nasa game da
jikokin malam Zarruk lokacin yana raye, sun ce: “Jikokinsa sha takwas (18).”
Dangane da halayensa a tsaknin iyalansa kuma suka ce: “Baba mutum ne mai tawakkali
da haƙuri da son wasa da yara.”
Rasuwarsa
An tuntuɓi iyalansa game da
yanayin zuwan ajalin gwarzo malam Rabi’u Zarruƙ, sai suka bayyana
cewa:
“Ya yi rashin lafiya
wadda ta fara da yi masa aiki a ABUTH a shekara ta 2006. Bayan ya warke da
kusan shekara biyu, sai ɗabi’unsa da halaye
suka fara canzawa a hankali har sai da ta kai inda baba ba ya iya tuna komai
kuma ba ya iya gane kowa cikin sauƙi. Wannan ciwo ne ya
kwantar da shi ba magana har kusan shekara biyu kafin Allah ya yi masa rasuwa.
Ya rasu a ranar 13/03/2013.” Abin lura shi ne, a watan da aka haife shi, a
cikinsa ya koma ga Allah. Ya rayu a duniya cikin shekaru sittin da takwas
cif-cif. Muna roƙon Allah mai girma da ya haskaka kuma ya sanyaya
makwancin Malam Rabi’u M. Zarruk, amin.
Dangantakarsa Da Jama’a
Kamar yadda aka sani, mutum yana
rayuwa ne cikin al’umma waɗanda idan an ɗebe iyaye da mata da `ya`yansa, to dole wasu
jama’a su kusance shi. Shi dai malam Zarruƙ ya yi hulɗa da maƙwabta da
abokai/aminai da abokan aiki da kuma ɗalibai. An samo bayanai daga kowane rukuni
don a tabbatar da matsayinsa da halayensa, waɗanda duk sun tafi a kan cewa:
●Shi
mutum ne mai tawali’u, wato mai ƙasƙantar da kansa domin
yana ganin duniya ba matabbata ba ce. Ni ma dai na shaida wannan domin a
lokacin da ya karantar da mu na tsawon shekara uku, ban taɓa ganin sa da wasu
sutura na ƙyale-ƙyale ba face na farin yadi da ake kira
‘Ɗanmadina’.
Yana sanya jar Dara a ko da yaushe. Wannan ya nuna lallai shi mai tawali’un ne
tunda duk musulmi idan ya mutu, da farin yadi ake suturta shi a binne shi. Haka
kuma wata rana, wata baƙuwa ta zo neman malam Zarruƙ, sai kwatsam ta ci
karo da shi ba tare da ta san shi ba. Ta tambaye shi, sai ya ce da ita ta biyo
shi ya kai ta wajensa. Suka isa wani tanƙasheshen ɗaki, danƙare da littattafai da
takardu, sai ya sami kujera ya zauna. Ya ce da ita, “To ga Zarruƙ”. A take ita kuma ta
yi mammaki har ta shiga ba shi haƙuri tamkar ta yi
laifi. Wannan ya nuna yadda ta san sunansa a fagen ilimi ne, sannan ba ta gan
shi cikin sutura mai ɗaukar hankali da nuna
isa ba.
●Yana da gaskiya da amana a harkarsa ta koyarwa wanda babu wata
mu’amala da ta sa ya ci amanar ilimi.
Abin da duk ya san za ka cutu da kuma al’umma zai faɗakar da kai. Nan ma na shaida haka, domin a lokacin da muka shiga
Jami’a yana ɗaukar ɗalibai kwas ɗin Ajami. Kuma ya lura wasu suna faɗuwa a kwas ɗin. To mu da muka shigo a makare, sai ya shawarce mu da cewa, mu
jingine kwas ɗin zuwa shekara ta gaba saboda ya riga ya yi nisa da darasi. Amma sai
ya ƙara da cewa, in kuma cikinmu akwai super man (zaƙaƙuri), to yana iya yuwuwa mu
yi nasara. To a nan wannan na nuna mana ainihin gangariyar hanyar tsare gaskiya
da amanar ilimi. Domin manufar koyarwa ita ce a iya abin da aka isar yadda ya
kamata kuma a jarraba ɗalibi a kan abin da aka sanar da shi. Babu shakka yana da tsantseni
wajen harkar koyarwa da kuma harkar Jarrabawa. Mun shaida ba ya makarar shiga
aji, kuma ba ya tsallake Darasinsa. Yana yawan gwada ɗalibai game da darasin da yake koyarwa a aji. Idan Jarrabawa ta zo, ba
sani ba sabo, abin da ka shuka shi kake girba. Sannan kamar yadda Dr. Haruna Aminu, (mataimakin Daraktan Mahaɗar Ilimi ta Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello) ya
tabbatar da cewa kullum yake zuwa aiki sannan a kan ƙa’idar lokaci. Wato ba ya makara kuma ba ya tashi sai lokacin da aka
gindaya wa ma’aikaci. Kullum kuma ka je ofishinsa, alƙalami ke hannunsa a kan takarda (yana rubutu). Ko wannan ma kaɗai ya isa
gwarzantaka domin mutum yana yaƙi ne da
zuciyarsa wanda kuma shi ya fi komai wahala a rayuwa.
●Shi mutum ne mai raha mai barkwanci da jama’a. Ko
a aji yakan zolayi ɗalibai kamar a wani lokaci da yake koyar da kare-karen harshen Hausa
ya ce da ɗalibansa, “In na ga dama sai in ce ba Zazzau”. Wato ta la’akari da
inda malam ya fito a lokacin, za a iya cewa tasirin wasan da ke tsakanin Kanawa
da Zagezagi ne.
●Haka
kuma an tabbatar da cewa Malam ba ya fushi kuma ba ya gaba. Malam Jibril B.
Dambo ya jaddada cewa, a duk zamansa na aiki a Mahaɗar Ilimi ta Jami’ar
Ahmadu Bello, bai taɓa faɗa da kowa ba. Ya
kasance malami ne, uba kuma aboki ne da kowa. Idan akwai rashin jituwa tsakanin
wasu, to fa sai ya san yadda ya yi ya sasanta su. Haka ma Amininsa Malam Giɗaɗo Bello Akko tare da
matarsa sun tabbatar da waɗannan siffofi na malam Zarruƙ. Har ma ita A’ishatu
Giɗaɗo ta ƙara da cewa, sun yi
bikin ɗiyar Malam Zarruk
mako uku da suka wuce, babu abin da jama’a ke tattaunawa game da shi face
kyawawan halayensa na rashin fushi da gaba ɗin nan. Wannan ya ƙara masa martaba a
idon al’umma ƙwarai saboda yana taimakon su.
Ayyukansa A Rayuwa:
Shi
dai Malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruk tun yana yaro ya fara fice kamar yadda aka
ruwaito daga iyalansa, inda suka ce:
“Baba ya yi yarinta
irin ta sauran yara na wannan zamanin, sai dai a fada ya yi girmansa. Wani abin
sha’awa cikin al’amarinsa shi ne, baiwar zane da Allah ya yi masa. An faɗa mana cewa, shekarar
da jirgi ya sauka a garin, baba ne ya fara zana wannan jirgi. Bayan nan, mata
sukan kawo masa zanin gadonsu yana zana musu jirgin a kai, su kuma sai su tafi
su yi surfanin jirgin. A haka wata rana sarki ya ga wannan jirgi a zanen gado.
Da ya tambayi wanda ya zana jirgin sai aka ce masa baba ne. Ya sa aka kira shi
ya tambaye shi da kansa idan shi ne yake zanen. Ya amsa masa cewa shi ke yi.
Sai ya tambaye shi idan zai iya zana shi. Ya ce masa zai iya. Ya ce masa ya je
ya zana shi ya kawo . Baba ya je ya zana sarki ya kawo. Da sarki ya ga yadda
hoton ya yi kyau, sai ya sa aka yi masa wanka, aka sa masa alkyabba da rawani,
aka haɗa shi da Dogari, aka
sa shi a jirgi aka turo shi Zariya Kamfanin Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo don ya riƙa yi masu zane, amma
bai zauna ba.”
Rayuwar Malam Zarruk kusan duk a harkar
koyo da koyarwa ta ta’allaƙa. Kashi biyu bisa uku na rayuwarsa,
duk koyarwa ce da zurfafa bincike da rubuce-rubuce masu amfanar da al’umma.
Koyarwa
Malam ya ci sunan malam ɗin domin kuwa tun
yana ɗan shekara goma sha
shida ya fara karantarwa a matakin Firamare a makarantarsa ta farko wato Ɗahiru Atta. Ya kuma
kai ga matsayin zama shugaban Makarantar Firamare ta Zango Primary School
Gumel. Ya ɗaga daga wannan
mataki zuwa Babbar Kwalejin horar da
malamai da ke Kano inda a nan ma ya bayar da gudummawa.
Ya sake ɗagawa zuwa Jami’ar
Ahmadu Bello ta Zariya a shekara ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba’in da tara, a matsayin
malamin Jami’a mai daraja ta ii. Malam Giɗaɗo Bello Akko ya shaida cewa da farko yakan
taso ne daga ATC Kano, ya zo A.B.U ya koyar sannan ya koma saboda Jami’a ba ta
ba shi gida a kan kari ba .Ya yi ta aiki ba kama hannun yaro har sai da ya kai
matsayin babban malamin Jami’a (Senior Lecturer). Ya bayar da gudummawa matuƙa wajen karantar da
masu neman Digiri na farko a harshen Hausa. Kamar yadda ya fitar da kansa cikin
C.Ɓ ɗinsa.Ya
karantar da waɗannan kwasa-kwasai a
lokuta mabambanta:
●Tsarin
Sautin Hausa (The Hausa Sound System), daga 1979-2001
●Hausa
A Yau (Hausa In The Modern World), daga 1979 zuwa 1991
●Rubutun
Ajami (The Ajami Script), 1980-2004
●Ilimin
Furucin Hausa Da Tsarin Sautinta (Hausa Phonetics And Phonology)
●Tsarin
Aikatau Na Hausa (The Hausa Ɓerbal System), daga 1985-2004
●Zuzzurfan Nazarin
Tsarin Sauti (Adɓanced Hausa Phonology),
●Ginin Jumlar
Hausa Da Ginin Kalmarta (The Hausa Syntaɗ And Phonology),
●Aron Kalmomi Da Ƙirƙirarsu A Hausa (Borrowing And
Neologism In Hausa), daga 1989 -199
●Zuzzurfan Ajami
(Adɓanced Ajami), daga 1985 - 2004
Har wa yau, ya koyar da masu neman babban
Digiri a waɗannan fannoni:
●Zuzzurfan
Nazarin Tsarin Sauti (Adɓanced
Phonology), a 1993
●Kare-Karen
Harshen Hausa (Hausa Diactology), daga 1999 -
Duba Kundayen
Digiri
A wannan fage ma ya bayar da gudummawa
mai tsoka domin ya duba wa ɗaliban Hausa da dama kundaye a matakan samun digiri na
farko (B.A) da na biyu (M.A) har zuwa na uku (Ph.D). A wannan ɓarayi kuwa malam ya
zama gwarzo, saboda da dai ba shi da ƙwazo, da bai zama mai
duba masu Digirin digirgir ba, tunda shi karan kansa ba shi da wannan matsayi a
hukumance. Daga cikin waɗanda suka sami
shahadar Ph.D a ƙarƙashin jarrabawarsa, akwai Shaihin malamin Adabin Hausa da
aka sani a yau, wato Ibrahim Aliyu Muhammad Malumfashi. Babu ko tantama
jaruntaka ce za ta sa a iya taka irin rawar da malam Zarruƙ ya taka.
Bincike Da Rubuce-Rubuce
Rubuce-rubucen da marigayi malam
Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruƙ ya yi musamman a fagen ilimin Harshen Hausa, shi ya jawo
hankali a kan a gabatar da shi a matsayin Gwarzo. Domin rubutu baiwa ne wanda
ba kowa ne zai iya tunkara ba. Wanda duk ya yi kuwa, yakan zama fitacce a cikin
al’umma na tsawon zamani. Daga ire-iren rubuce-rubucensa akwai maƙalu waɗanda ya gabatar a
taron ƙara wa juna sani da waɗanda suke cikin Mujallu daban-daban. Misali:
● “Dangantakar Hausa Da Larabci” Ya gabatar a
Taron Ƙara Wa Juna Sani Na Ƙasa Da Ƙasa a
kan Harshe da Adabi da
Al’adu,Wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero
Kano ta shirya a ranakun
7-10 ga Yuli, 1978.
● “Kasafin Jinsin Hausa” A cikin Mujallar Jakadiya 2
(2), watan Maris 2000.
● “Karin Sauti A Ginin Kalmar Hausa” A cikin
Mujallar……..
● “Tarihin Daidaita Rubutun Hausa” Maƙalar da ya gabatar a Taron Nijeriya da Nijar kan
Daidaita Ƙa’idojin Rubutun Hausa, a 1982.
●
Karin Sauti A Cikin Ƙusoshin Gina Kaimar Hausa” Maƙalar day a gabatar a
Taron Ƙasa Da
Ƙasa wanda Sashen
Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sakkwato ta
shirya, a 2007.
Sannan ya wallafa littattafai masu
yawa da amfani. Daga cikin littattafan da ya wallafa aka buga akwai:
●Sabon Lissafi Na Oɗford: Saboda Makarantun Firamare (Pupils Book). Littafi na Ɗaya zuwa na Uku. Tare da
Lessa, P.M suka wallafa a tsakanin shekarar 1976-1977. Maɗaba’a ta London: Oɗford University.
●Sabon Lissafi Na Oɗford: Saboda Makarantun Firamare Jagorar Malami (Teachers Guide). Littafi na Ɗaya zuwa na Uku. Tare da
Lessa, P suka wallafa a tsakanin shekarar 1977-1978. Maɗaba’a ta London: Oɗford University.
●Karatu Da Rubutu A Harshen Hausa (Guide To Hausa
Orthography). A Mahaɗar Ilimi ta
Jami’ar Ahamadu Bello, Zariya, wanda maɗaba’ar Thomas
Nelson Lagos, suka buga a shekarar 1979.
●Siffofin Aikin Koyarwa,(The Stucture Of
Teaching), wanda Maɗaba’a ta Jami’ar
Oɗford ta London suka buga a shekarar
1979.
●Kimiyar Firamare (Primary Science), Jagorar
Malami (Teachers Guide) Fassara Wa Mahaɗar Ilimi wanda Longman suka buga a shekarar 1979.
●Kimiyar Firamare (Primary Science), Littafin Yara
Na Farko (PuPils Book One) Fassara Wa
Mahaɗar Ilimi wanda Longman suka buga a shekarar 1979.
●Hausa: A Teɗt Book of
Methodology. U.P.E teacher Education------
●Aikatau A Nahawun Hausa wanda aka buga a Mahaɗar Ilimi ta Jami’ar Ahmadu
Bello, a 1996.
●Aro Da Ƙirƙirar Kalmomi A Hausa. Zaria: Institute of Education, Ahmadu
Bello
University. 1993
●Shimfiɗar Ilimin
Harsuna: Furuci. Wanda aka buga a Maɗaba’ar
Mahaɗar Ilimi ta Jami’ar
Ahmadu Bello Zariya, a
shekarar 1979.
● Bishiyar Li’irabi a Nazarin Jumlar Hausa Wanda aka buga a Maɗaba’ar Mahaɗar Ilimi ta
Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya,
a shekarar 1998.
● Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Don Ƙananan Makarantun Sakandare 1-3 ( Na haɗin gwiwa)
●Siffofin Aikin Koyarwa wanda Maɗaba’ar Oɗford University ta buga a 1979
● Kirarin Duniya, wanda suka wallafa shi da
Habib Alhassan a 1982, bugun Maɗaba’ar Ganuwa
Publishers Limited, Zaria.
Halartar Tarurruka
Ya kasance daga cikin jiga-jigan da suka halarci waɗannan tarurruka na Ƙasa da Ƙasa da waɗanda aka yi a cikin
gida:
●Taro na Harsunan Afrika Ta Fuskar Kimiyya Da
Fasaha (Conference of African Languages In Science and Technology) Wanda aka yi
a Jami’ar Iɓory Coast.
●Taron Nijer da Nijeriya Don Daidaita Ƙa’idojin Rubutun Hausa, wanda aka yi a Niamey, a shekarar 1982.
● Taron Nijer da Nijeriya na Kwamitin Littattafan
Hausa, wanda aka yi a Niamey, a shekarar 1992.
Ayyuka Na Ƙwarewa
Ya kasance cikin waɗanda suka yi ayyukan da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Ƙasa (NERC) ta nemi da a aiwatar. Misali
●Ƙwararre kuma Editan Keɓaɓun kalmomin Hausa guda ɗari biyu da
hamsin na dokoki. A ma’aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya cikin shekarar 1980-1983.
●Tsara Manhajar Hausa don ƙananan makarantun sakadare a shekarar 1982.
●Gudanar da taro na musamman a kan tsarin ilimin
Firamare don Manyan Harsuna uku na Nijeriya. A shekarar 1992
●Rubuta Manhajar koyar da Harshen Hausa don Makarantun Firamare, a
shekarar 1982.
●Sannan kuma Mamba ne a aikace-aikacen Fassara cikin Harshen Faransanci
da Turanci da kuma Hausa.
Gwarzantaka Daga Cikin Rubuce-Rubucensa Da Koyarwarsa
Ba zai yuwu a irin wannan bigire a
fayyace abubuwan da suke ƙunshe cikin rubuce-rubucen da Malam Rabi’u Zarruƙ ya yi ba. Sai
dai za a yi tsokaci a kan wasu daga ciki
waɗanda suka sa ya zama fatacce a harkar ilimi.
Siffofin Aikin Koyarwa, Littafi ne da ya
wallafa a 1979 wanda a yanzu shekara talatin da bakwai ke nan. Abubuwan da
wannan littafi ya ƙunsa suna da alfanu ne ta fuskar inganta aikin koyarwa.
Ana da wallafe-wallafe game da wannan fanni, amma kuma cikin harshen Turanci
ne. Don haka wannan littafi ya zama fittace saboda babu kamarsa da aka wallafa
cikin harshen Hausa. A Muƙaddima na littafin, Dakta Abdullahi Mohammed na Tsangayar
Ilimi a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya a wancan lokaci, cewa ya yi:
“Babu shakka wannan
littafi na Malam Rabi’u Mohammad Zarruƙ, littafi ne mai
amfani, ba ma ga ɗaliban da ke koyon
aikin malanta ba, ko kuma masu son koyar da Hausa, waɗanda don su aka
shirya shi, a’a, har ma ga duk mutumin da ke sha’awar ci gaban ilimi a wannan ƙasa tamu, zai same
shi mai amfani. Da farko dai luggogin da aka yi amfani da su a littafin zaɓaɓɓu ne, tatattu garau a
harshen Hausa, waɗanda kuma suke da
gayar amfani wajen harkokinmu, ba ma na ilimi ba, har ma zartar da abubuwanmu
na rayuwarmu ta yau da kullum.”
Dakta ya ci gaba da nuna
matsayin wannan littafi inda ya shawarci jama’a da su mallake shi. Saboda irin ɗimbin amfaninsa.
Kamar dai yadda ya jaddada cewa:
“Haƙiƙa wannan littafi shi
ne himmar farko da aka yi saboda aikin malanta. Duk wanda ya karanta shi zai
san an yi babbar nasara. Mutumin da duk ya karanta wannan littafi har ila yau
zai iya zama malami kai tsaye, domin kuwa kamar su manufar koyarwa da hanyar
tafiyar da almajirai da yadda ake tsara jarrabawa don amfanin ɗalibai ko almajirai,
duk wannan abu zai zama warkam ne a gare shi.”
A taƙaice wannan littafi ya tattaro bayanai game da muhimman
ginshiƙan aikin koyarwa ne ta yadda ɗalibin aikin malanta
a kowane fanni zai iya ɗiba ya kai aji ya yi
amfani da su kai tsaye. Don haka, wannan aiki na malam gwarzantaka ce.
Kirarin Duniya: Wannan littafi su
biyu suka wallafa shi a 1982. Wannan ma gagarumar gudummawa ce suka bayar game
da fasahar harshen Hausa da al’adun mutanenta. Wannan fasaha ta harshe kuwa,
ita ce Adabin al’ummar. Don haka akwai gwarzantaka game da wannan aiki, saboda
muhimmancin taskace waɗannan fasahohi a
rubuce.
Shimfiɗar Ilimin Harsuna A
Hausa: Furuci
. Wannan
littafi ya wallafa shi ne a shekarar 1996 wanda ya tattaro abubuwan da ke yi wa
kowa susa inda ke yi masa ƙaiƙayi. Farfesa Aliyu
Muhammad ya tabbatar da wannan littafi a matsayin gagarumin aiki wanda duk masu
sha’awar nazarin harsunan ɗan’adam zai iya taimakonsu. Ya nuna cewa, ya kamata
sauran malaman Hausa su dage su yi koyi da malam Rabi’u Zarruƙ, su ci gaba da
wallafa litattafai irin wannan don amfanin yaranmu da masu koyon harsunanmu.
Fagen Ƙa’idojin Rubutu. A ƙoƙarin malam Zarruƙ wajen karantarwa,
yana da baiwa wadda ba kowa ke samu ba. Kusan daga gare shi wasu malaman Hausa
ke ɗora tsawon gini a
fagen koyarwa. Misali, wajen nuna muhimmancin aiki da ƙa’idojin rubutun
Hausa, yakan yi wata dabara da yake kira ‘Damfasi’. Wato yakan zaɓo kalmomi ya gina
jimloli waɗanda idan aka natsu za a fahinci
haruffan da suka jero a jimlolin babu wanda ya yi rawar `yanmata. Sannan kowace
jimla tana da ma’anarta wadda ta ginu a kan hawa da sauka na muryar Hausa. A
baka ba a tsammanin kuskure ga wanda ya ji Hausa ƙwarai. Inda matsalar
take, wurin rubutu ne kurum. Misali:
●Ta
je fadama.
●Ta je Fada ma.
●Ta je fa da ma.
●Ta jefa dama.
Idan an lura, kowace jimla tana da haruffa
goma a jere, wato: ‘TAJEFADAMA’. To waɗannan haruffa su ne aka ga an gina jimloli huɗu da su, kuma suke da
mabambanta manufa. A jimlar farko ana nufin fadama (wuri mai laima inda ruwa ba
ya ƙafewa),
wata ta je. A jimla ta biyu kuma, Fada ta Sarki wata ta je. Yayin da a jimla ta
uku ake jaddada zuwan wata wani wuri da jimawa. Jimlar ƙarshe kuwa ke nuna
wata ta jefa wani abu ta gefen hannun dama.
Ga wasu rukunin jimlolin da malam ya dinga
buga misali da su a wannan muhalli:
●Akuya tafi kiwo. ●Sa
mata kai biyu.
●Aku ya tafi
kiwo. ●Sa
matakai biyu.
●Akuya ta fi
kiwo. ●Sama
ta kai biyu.
Kamar yadda aka yi bayani a sama, su
ma waɗannan jimloli suna
tafiya ne da haruffa iri ɗaya a jere waɗanda kowane rukuni
yawansu ɗaya. Sannan in an
duba kowace jimla daban take ta fuskar ma’ana. Malam dai gwani ne a nan don ya
jawo hankalin ɗalibai ne su samu yaƙini game da muhimmancin
barin filaye a tsakanin kalmomin Hausa, saboda rubutu ya iya wakiltar maganar
da ake nufi. Wannan hikima tana tasiri ƙwarai a zukatan masu
koyon ƙa’idojin rubutun Hausa. Duk malamin da ya fara gwada ɗalibai da su rubuta
ire –iren waɗannan jimloli, to sai
ya ga natsuwarsu da ƙosawarsu a game da darasin. Don haka a wannan ɓarayi, malam Zarruƙ ya ciri tuta.
Fagen Karin Sauti: Duk mai nazarin harhe
ya san cewa wannan fage ne da ke bukatar
ƙwarewar
malami wajen karantar da ɗalibai. To malam Rabi’u
Zarruƙ gwarzo ne a wannan fage. A irin dabarunsa da Allah ya
huwace masa, yakan jawo hankalin ɗalibai da cewa shi karin suti kunne ne kaɗai ke iya shaida shi.
Tunda haka ne akwai bukatar ɗalibi ya saurara ya ji abin da yake furtawa ta hanyar
gano inda sauti ya nufa. A kan haka, ya rubuta maƙalu masu nuna
gwanintar kwatancen karin sauti a Hausa. Yakan zana gwargwadon yadda ya fahinci
sauti ya nuna tashinsa da saukarsa. Lallai idan aka duba wannan ɓarayi, za a tabbatar
da malam Rabi’u Zarruƙ ɗan baiwa ne a fagen
ilmantarwa.
Fagen Ajami: A ƙoƙarinsa wajen karantar
da Ajamin Hausa a matakin Digiri na farko, malam Zarruƙ gwani ne domin duk ɗalibin da ya bi ta
hannunsa zai bayar da wannan shaida. Shi ne ya nuna cewa a ɗauki gatan da aka ba
rubutun Hausar boko game da amfani da ƙa’idoji, a sa wa
Ajamin Hausa. Abin da ya sa ya ga dacewar hakan shi ne, dukansu harshe ɗaya ake rubutawa duk
da dai kowanne hanyar rubuta shi daban. To amma yana ganin idan aka yi haka,
wani mataki ne na farfaɗo da rubutun Ajami wanda
ya sami mugun rauni mai wuyar warkewa. Wannan da’awa ta malam ta yi tasiri a
inda aka sami wasu ɗalibai suka shiga
baddala wasu littattafan Adabi da aka yi da Hausar boko zuwa Hausar Ajami.
Misali, Muntari Musa ya baddala Littafin ‘Jiki Magayi’ a matsayin Kundin
Digirinsa na farko, a shekarar 2002. Kuma malam ɗin shi ya duba aikin nasa. Haka ma,
Rabi’u M. Tahir ɗalibin malam Zarruk
ne wanda ya kwankwaɗi ilimin Ajami har ya
rubuta Kundin Digirinsa na biyu a fannin, wanda shi ma malam ɗin ne ya duba shi. Ya
ɗora har ya wallafa
littafi mai taken “Ajamin Hausa Don Ƙananan Makarantu ” wanda aka buga a
shekarar 2012, ya kuma sami karɓuwa saboda tsarin rubuta shi da ƙa’idojin rubutu irin
na boko.
Ga wani samfur na rubutun Ajami wanda
malam Zarruƙ ya rubuta cikin ƙa’idojin rubutun
boko:
Zane-Zane : Harkar zane, da ma
malam tun yana yaro ya yi fice a kai. Wannan gwarzantaka ta fito ta fuskoki
daban-daban. a matsayinsa na malami. Misali, shi ya zana logon Jami’ar Ahmadu
Bello na farko, da na Jami’ar Bayero. Ya yi zane-zane a littattafan ilimi na
Hausa kamar littafinsu Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Don Makarntun Sakandare,
duk shi ya zana hotunan da ke ƙunshe ciki. Ga misali
na bangon littattafan:
Waɗannan littattafai sun ƙunshi cikakkaun
bayanai a kan harshen Hausa da adabinsa da al’adun Hausawa. Kuma akwai sassan
awon fahimtar karatu da kuma insha’i watau gina labari ta kyakkyawar hanyar
amfani da hotuna. An kuma tsara su ne ta amfani da manhajar nan da Hukumar Bunƙasa Ilimi ta Ƙasa ta wallafa.
Wannan ya nuna malam Zarruƙ bai tsaya a harshe kawai ba, ya bayar
da gudummawa mai tsoka a ɓangaren Adabi da
al’adun Hausawa.
Har
wa yau, za a iya duba wasu hotuna da ya zana daga cikin littafinsu na Kirarin
Duniya Ga wani:
Nan ƙasa kuma, wani samfur
ne har wa yau, a cikin zane don a
fahinci karin sauti a Hausa:
Kammalawa
Kamar yadda aka gani, wannan takarda
ta yi bita ne game da rayuwar malam Rabi’u Zarruƙ wanda aka san cewa
fitaccen malamin da ya koyar da harshen Hausa ne a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello
Zariya. Tun farko an kawo taƙaitaccen tarihin malam ɗin inda aka gano tun
yana yaro ya fara fice na daban a cikin al’umma. Zuwa lokacin da ya girma kuma,
aka ga abin Allah-son-barka tattare da shi na game da halayensa a zamantakewar
duniya. Wato a gida da waje, duk an yabe shi kan kyawawan siffofi da halayen da
suke da wuyar riƙo da su. Kuma lallai an fahimci shi Jarumi ne a jerin
malaman Hausa saboda dalilan da aka bayyana cikin wannan maƙala. Wato malam Zarruƙ ya zama daban saboda
bai karbi shahadar Digiri na uku a Hausa ba, amma sai aka gan shi ya yi iyo a
kogin da sai shahararren masunci ke iya kamo kifi a cikinsa. Faruwar hakan
kuwa, saboda shi ɗan baiwa ne wanda ya
zamo mai kaifin basira da ƙwazon aiki. Har wa yau, an ga cewa
fannin Zane da ya ƙware a kansa a Jami’a, Hausawa sun more masa ƙwarai ta ɓangaren haɓaka Harshe da Adabi
da kuma Al’adusu.
A ƙarshe muna addu’a
Allah ya ji ƙan malam Rabi’u Muhammad Zarruk ya sa shi a Aljanna maɗaukakiya. Allah ya ba
mu ikon koyi da jaruntaka irin tashi musamman a irin wannan zamani da muke ciki
na ƙarancin
amana da juriyar al’umma waɗanda kuma lallai suna ruguza nagartar ilimi.
Manazarta
Tuntuɓi mai takarda.
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.