Abstract: The aim of this study focuses on the traditional titles of slaves in Katagum. It is based on this aim that the research was presented in five chapters. The first two chapters focussed on general overview of the work and relevant literatures related to this research. Chapter three has taken broader look at the historical background of slevary in Hausaland. After the historical survey, the research narrowed to the slave-only traditional titles in Katagum. This has seen the research scrutinising indepthly all the issues surrounding slave- only traditional titles in Hausaland even before the emergence of Katagum. Similarly, the research has scrupulously found out the findings of the work. The research found out that some traditional titles have become extinct. Against this backdrop, traditional instutition have been recommended to establish a special traditional titles office that will handle the historical facts of the kingdom/emirate and other traditional title holders.
Tsakure
Ƙudirin wannan aiki tunkarar Sarautun Bayi a ƙasar Katagum. Bisa ga wannan ƙudirin an kasa binciken zuwa babuka biyar. Goshin aikin ya tunkari gabatarwa da bitar ayyukan da suka gabace shi. Kashi na uku na aikin ya yi dogon share fage a kan tarihin bauta a ƙasar Hausa. Bayan an yi wa tarihi turke mai ma’ana sai aka dubi masarautar Katagum da sarautun bayi da ke ciki. Wannan ya nuna an ƙoƙarin kakkeɓe duk wata ƙura a tarihi da al’ada da bautar take ciki a ƙasar Hausa gabanin a yi ƙasar Katagum dubi na nutsuwa. Binciken ya yi kwakkwara da kammalawa wadda ta fito da ɗan sakamakon bincike da aka yi. Tabbas an gano cewa wasu sarautun gargajiya a fada sun soma ɓata. Don haka, tilas a farfaɗo ko ƙirƙiro wata sarauta cikin kowace masarauta a ƙasar Hausa da za ta kiyaye da tarihin sarautun masarautarta.
Sarautun Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum (1814- 2016) – KASHI NA 1
Muhammad Abubakar Zabi
muhammadabubakarzabi@gmail.com
08136844199
SADAUKARWA
Na sadaukar
da wannan aiki ga mahaifana, Malam Abubakar Wazirin Zabi da Malama Hauwa’u
Ahmad. Allah Ya ƙara
musu lafiya tare da imani, amin. Allah Ya saka musu da tarbiyar da suka yi
mana. Mun gode, Allah Ya biya.
GODIYA
Godiya
mafificiya ta tabbata ga Allah maɗaukakin
sarki, mamallakin sammai da ƙasai,
wanda Ya raya mu Ya kuma ba mu ikon kawowa wannan mataki. Tsira da amincin
Allah su ƙara
tabbata ga manzon tsira, Annabi Muhammadu (Sallahu Alaihi Wasalam).
Babu shakka, mutane da dama sun ba da gudummawa wajen
ganin wannan aiki ya kammala cikin nasara. Sai dai ambaton sunayensu duka ba zai
yi wuya ba, ko da kuma an ambata godiyar fatar baki ba za ta gamsar ba. Sai dai
addu‘ar Allah Ya saka wa dukkan wanɗanda suka taimaka da alheri.
Godiya ta musamman wadda ba za ta misaltu ba ga Malamina kuma
jagoran duba wannan aiki Farfesa Aliyu Muhammadu Bunza, wanda duk da ayyuka
masu dama da suke gabansa, amma ya kula ya kuma yi ta taimakawa wajen duba
aikin da kuma gyare-gyare ga wannan bincike. Kazalika, ya yi ta ba da
shawarwari masu dama tun daga farkon aikin har zuwa ƙarshensa. Ina roƙon Allah Ya
saka wa Malam da gidan Aljanna Fiddausi, amin.
Haka kuma, godiya marar misaltuwa ga Malamina kuma
jagoran duba wannan aiki na biyu wato Dr. Abdullahi Sarkin Gulbi shi ma ya yi
namijin ƙoƙari wajen ganin wannan aiki ya yi nasarar kammaluwa. Ba
don haɗin kan da ya bayar ba, da wannan aiki bai tsayu da ƙafafunsa ba. Da fatar Allah Ya saka wa Malam da gidan Aljanna
fiddausi, amin.
Ina miƙa godiyata
ta musamman ga malamina jagoran duba aikin na uku, Farfesa Y. Y Ibrahim na
Sashen Nazarin Addinin Musulunci (Islamic Studies Department), wanda da
taimakonsa aikin nan ya samu kai wannan mataki. Ina fatar Allah Ya saka wa Malam
da gidan Aljanna Fiddausi, amin.
Bayan haka, ina mai matuƙar bayyana jin daɗina da godiyata ga shugaban
Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Najeriya, Jami´ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Farfesa Atiku Ahmad Dunfawa, ina yi wa Malam
fatar Allah Ya saka masa da alheri. Ina godiya ga dukannin Malamaina na Sashen
Nazarin Harsunan Najeriya na Jami`ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Sakkwato. Waɗanda suka
haɗa da: Farfesa Ibrahim Makoshy, da Farfesa Abdullahi
Bayero Yahya, da Farfesa Haruna Abdullahi Birniwa, da Farfesa Ahmad Halliru
Amfani, da Farfesa Salisu Ahmad Yakasai, da Farfesa Abdulhamid Ɗantumbishi, da Dr. Bello Bala Usman, da Dr. Ibrahim
Sarkin Sudan, da Dr. Yakubu Aliyu Gobir, da Dr. Abdulbasir Ahmad Atuwo, da Dr.Yahya
Idris, da Dr. Umar Aliyu Bunza, da Dr. Nasiru Aminu Kalgo, da Malam Naziru Ibrahim
Abbas da Malam Sama’ila Umar da Malam Dano Balarabe Bunza da Malam Mustafa Muhammad
da Malam Musa Shehu. Abokanin karatuna ma sun taimaka da shawarwari da addu’a
na gode Allah Ya biya. Waɗanda ta hanyar basira da ilmi da kyakkyawar fahimtarsu na
samu nasarar kammala wannan karatu.
Ba zan manta da Hakiman ƙasar Katagum ba, musamman Hakimin Itas da Hakimin Gamawa
da Hakimin Sakuwa da Hakimin Gaɗau da kuma Hakimin Azare, da iyayen ƙasa na masarautar Katagum da kuma, Majalisar Masarautar
Katagum wajen ba ni lokaci na musamman domin tattaunawa da su. Na gode Allah Ya
saka da alheri, Amin. Gadiya ta musamman ga Sarkin Garinmu Alhaji Muhammadu
Abdulkadir Madakin Zabi wanda ya taimaka wajen ba ni shawarwari da ƙarfafa mun guiwa wajen ganin kammaluwar wannan bincike,
shi ma Allah Ya saka masa da alheri. Ina miƙa godiya ga Ma`aikatar ilimin Firamare ta Giyaɗe, Jihar Bauchi
da ta taimaka mun wajen ba ni damar tafiya wannan karatu. Allah Ya saka da
alheri.
Ba zan manta da abokaina ba, waɗanda suka
ba ni shawarwari tare da taimako na ƙara ƙarfin guiwa kan wannan karatu. Musamman irin su Malam
Abdullahi Zabi da Muhammad Abubakar (Khalifa) da Umar Barde da Alhaji Muhmood
Abba da Abduƙadir Namangi da Ibrahim Ɗanbaba da Ja’afar Bello da sauran Malaman da suke
Makarantar Firamare ta Baduware. Duk ina musu fatar Allah Ya saka da alheri.
Bayan haka, godiya ta musamman ga abokan karatuna na
wannan jami`a ta Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo
Sakkwato. Irin su Ahmad Garba Aliyu da Jibrin Yusuf da Alhaji Musa Abdulrahaman
da Malam Imam Abdullahi da Hajiya Zara‘u da Shamsudeen Isma’il da ma sauran waɗanda ban
ambaci sunayensu ba. Duk ina musu fatar Allah Ya sa mu haɗa wannan
karatu lafiya, Ya sanya mana albarka a cikinsa.
Daga ƙarshe, ina
miƙa godiyata ga mahaifana Malam Abubakar Wazirin Zabi da Hauwa’u
Ahmad. Sannan da matata Maijidda Bello da ‘Yayana Khadiji Muhammad Jaɓɓello. da Salmanu Muhammad Jaɓɓello da Al’amin Muhammad Jaɓɓello da Ibrahim Muhammad Jaɓɓello duk ina musu fatar Allah Ya saka musu da alheri
amin.
BABI
NA ƊAYA
1.0
GABATARWA
1.1 Shimfiɗa
A duk inda aka samu al’umma suna zaune
a wuri ɗaya, suna gudanar da rayuwarsu bai-ɗaya za a same su bisa wani tsari na
musamman, wanda aka ɗora bisa wata ƙa’ida da aka amince da cewa, mutum guda ya zama shugabansu
domin ya jagorance su. Irin wannan shugabancin, yakan bambanta daga wuri zuwa
wuri, saboda bambancin al’adun al’ummar da tsarin rayuwa ta yau da kullum da
kuma fasalin muhalli. Zabi, (2012:01)
Maƙasudin wannan bincike shi ne, za a duba wani ɓangare ne na tsarin shugabanci a ƙasar Hausa musamman ma irin muƙaman da bayi kan riƙe a fada. Binciken mai taken: “Sarautun
Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum”, zai waiwayi irin
gudunmuwar da suke bayarwa ta wajen raya ƙasa. Aikin ya keɓanta ne a ɓangaren ƙasar Katagum. A masarautar ma za a dubi tsarin sarautun
bayin ne na ƙasar. Katagum ƙasa ce da ta yi suna a fagen yaƙe-yaƙe, domin an sami gwarazan Sarakuna da suka
yi fice ƙwarai da gaske. Domin cimma nasarar
aikin an karkasa shi babi- babi har zuwa babi biyar kamar haka: A babi na ɗaya an yi wa binciken shimfiɗa ne domin ya samu gindin zama sosai. A
babi na biyu kuwa, bitar ayyukan da suka gabaci aikin ne domin tabbatar da
sahihancinsa, ba tare da an yi canjaras ko maimaici ba. Haka yake, a babi na
uku an kakkaɓe duk wata ƙura ta tarihi da al’ada da bautar take
ciki a ƙasar Hausa gabanin a yi ƙasar Katagum. A babi na huɗu kuma sai aka dubi masarautar Katagum
da sarautun bayi da ke ciki. Babi na biyar ya duba tsarin sarautu a ƙasar Katagum. Sannan a daga ƙarshe aka kammala aikin da kuma samun sakamakon bincike.
1.2 Muhimmancin Bincike
Bincike kowane iri
ne yana da muhimmanci da zai iya ilimantarwa a kan wani abu da ba a sani ba, ko
ya fito da muhimmancin wani abu don mutane su yi koyi, su amfana ko kuma ya
fito da illar wani abu don mutane su guje shi. Saboda haka, shi ma wannan
bincike yana da nasa muhimmanci.
Wannan bincike zai
zama cikon gurbin wani abu ne da aka bari ba a yi aiki a kai ba, musamman wanda
ya shafi sarautun bayi a fada. Haka kuma, irin wannan zai wayar da kan mutane
da yawa da suke da jahilcin irin rawar da bayi ke takawa a tsarin sarautun
gargajiyar Bahaushe. Haka kuma, binciken zai zama wani harsashi ne na kafa wani
bincike kan sarautun bayi a ƙasar
Katagum, kuma zai zamo hanya ce ta gina da bunƙasar al’adun
al’umma. Rashin nazari a wannan fage ya ƙarfafa muhimmancin
wannan binciken. Wannan bincike idan aka ci nasarar kammala shi, zai ilmantar
da mutane musamman waɗanda ba su san
bambance-bambace da yake tsakani sarautun bayi da sauran sarautun ba. Wata
matsalar ma ita ce wasu da suke riƙe da irin waɗannan
sarautu ba su san muhimmancinta ba, amma ta hanyar wannan nazari za su fahimci
muhimmancinta sosai. Waɗanda suka sani kuma, zai zama
tunatarwa ko kuma ƙarin
haske ne a gare su. Har ila yau, idan wannan bincike ya sami karɓuwa,
zai zama ci gaba ne a kan bincike da kuma rubuce-rubucen da idan akwai waɗanda
suka fara yi a kan sarautun bayi, amma ba su samu kammalawa ba, wannan zai ƙara masu ƙarfin gwiwar ci
gaba da nasu binciken da suka fara.
1.3 Manufar Bincike
1-
Wannan
bincike yana ƙoƙarin gano ko zaƙoli sarautun bayi
a ƙasar
Katagum
2-
Haka
kuma binciken yana son gano ayyukan sarautun bayi a ƙasar katagum a da,
da kuma yanzu.
3-
Binciken
zai yi ƙoƙarin gano irin
tasirin da zamani ya yi a kan sarautun bayi a ƙasar Katagum
1.4
Farfajiyar Bincike
Kamar yadda sunan
wannan bincike yake a kan “Saratun Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum”, to
binciken zai taƙaita
ne a masarautar Katagum, wadda ke ƙarƙashin Ƙaramar Hukumar
Katagum a Jihar Bauchi. Zai kuma taƙaita ne a sarautun bayi a ƙasar Katagum ta
hanyar duban shin, mene ne sarautar take nufi? Wace irin rawa masu sarautar
suke takawa ga ci gaban masarautar? Kuma ta wace hanya? Haka kuma aikin za a taƙaita shi ne kan
sarautun bayi a ƙasar
Katagum kawai, haka aikin zai yi duba ga tsoffin masarautun ƙasar Katagum wanɗanda
suke tun lokacin Malam Zaki, wato kafin zuwan Turawa, ba tare da duba wasu Hakiman
da aka ƙirkira
bayan zuwan Turawa ba.
1.5 Hanyoyin Tattara Bayanai
Babu wani aiki wanda zai gudana ba tare
da an shirya hanyoyin da za a bi wajen gudanarwa da shi ba. A wajen gudanar da
wannnan bincike, za a bi hanyoyi da dama domin samun nasarar aiwatar da shi. A
wannan aiki mai taken “Sarautun Bayi a ƙasar Katagum” za a yi hira da shugabannin al’ummomi na ƙasar Katagum, wato Hakiman ƙasar Katagum, da wasu daga cikin ‘yan majalisun su Hakiman.
Bayan haka, za a tattara bayanai da yin
hira don gano tarihin al’ummomin, za a duba bayanai daga ɓangaren sarautun bayin. Ke nan, za a yi
nazarin ayyuka da dama masu alaƙa da sarauta da kuma sarautun bayi waɗanda aka gabatar a lokuta daban-daban.
An yi haka ne ta hanyar ziyartar ɗakunan ajiye littattafai a wurare
daban-dabam. Irin waɗannan wurare sun haɗa da ɗakunan karatu na Jami’o’i kamar Jami’ar
Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sokoto da Jami’ar Bayero Kano
da Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya. Da kuma, Hukumar Tarihi da kyautata Al’adu na
Jihar Bauchi da kuma, Hukumar adana Rubutataccen Tarihi na ƙasa a Kaduna. Da kuma, Waziri Junaidu gidan adana Tarihi na
Sakkwato. Haka ma za a dudduba jaridu, da maƙalu, da mujallu da intarnet don samun ƙarin bayani.
1.6 Ra’in
Bincike
Za
a gudanar da wannan binciken ne bisa amfani da ra’in nazarin al’ada.
Wannan ra’in, wani fage ne wanda ya ginu a kan yanayin zamantakewar rayuwa da tunanin ɗan Adam, da lissafi, da bayyana
matsayin harshe a al’adar al’umma.
“Ɓurɓushin wannan mazhaba ya faro ne daga ayyukan
Farfesa Immanuel Kant wanda ya rayu a ƙarshen ƙarni
na sha bakwai (Ƙ17) zuwa cikin ƙarni na sha takwas
(Ƙ18). Daga cikin ayyukan Kant da suka shahara a
duniya sun haɗa da “The critique of pure reason on
pedagogy,
logic, critique of practical reason,
the metaphysical
element of ethics, waɗanda ya gina su a kan yanayin
zamantakewar rayuwa da tunanin ɗan’adam, da lissafi
da bayyana matsayin harshe a al’adar
al’umma”. Gusau (2015:47)
Wannan Ra’in
nazarin yanayin
zamantakewar rayuwa da tunanin ɗan Adam,
ya samu waɗanda suka
tasirunta ayyukansa kamar masana da manazarta irin su Hiroko Nishida da Michael
Foucoult da Hilaire Belloeda Ronald Englefied da Jean Piaget (1920s) da Frederick
Barttett (1930s) da Lipset (1993) da Nishidi (1999) da kuma sharifian (2000) da
sauransu.
Dangane
da inda Ra’in ya fuskanta kuwa, Kant; ya nuna cewa Ra’in ya ta’allaƙa ne a kan yanayin
zamantakewar ɗan Adam da
kuma wasu muhimman rukunan rayuwa na al’umma.
Haka
kuma, za a gina Ra’in ne da zummar cewa zai duba yadda sarautun bayi suke a ƙasar Katagum da ma ƙasar Hausa baki ɗaya.
Da ma, kuma a kan yi amfani da wannan Ra’in ne domin gano irin zamantakewar
al’umma, da wasu al’adu na al’umma. Wannan ɗan bayani da aka kawo shi ne abin da Ra’in
yanayin zamantakewa yake ƙoƙarin fayyacewa, wato ƙoƙarin danganta yadda tsarin sarauta da
kuma yanayin sarautun bayi suke a tsakaninsu, ta fuskoki da dama. Ma’ana, Ra’in
yana nuni da yanayi ne na gudanar da yanayin zamantakewar al’umma.
1.7 Naɗewa
Wannan babi ya ƙunshi shimfiɗar binciken da za a gudanar. A cikin
shimfiɗar akwai bayanai a kan muhimmancin bincike da dalilan gudanar
da bincike, da kuma hanyoyin da za a bi wajen gudanar da binciken. Ya kuma yi
bayanin muhallin ko farfajiyar da binciken ya ƙunsa, da irin ra’in da za a aza binciken a kai.
No comments:
Post a Comment
ENGLISH: You are warmly invited to share your comments or ask questions regarding this post or related topics of interest. Your feedback serves as evidence of your appreciation for our hard work and ongoing efforts to sustain this extensive and informative blog. We value your input and engagement.
HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.