This article is published in the Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture – Volume 1, Issue 1.
Musa
Abdullahi
08037765415
Isah
Sarkin Fada
08039165872
Department of Languages and Cultures, Federal University Gusau, Zamfara
State, Nigeria
Tsakure
Hukuma
(wato abin nufi a nan ita ce gwamnati) ita ce ƙashin
bayan al’umma a duniya, domin duk Æ™asar da ba
ta da hukuma da ke kula da tsarin rayuwarta da al’amuran harkokinta na yau da
kullum; ta kauce hanya. Haka kuma wannan ƙasa ko
gari za a iya cewa sun taɓe sun shiga ruɗu na
rashin sanin alƙiblar da suka dosa.
Wannan bincike zai yi tsokaci ne kan irin gudummuwar da hukumar jihar Zamfara
ke bayarwa wajen kula da tabbatar da tsaro da ya shafi mutane ko al’ummar da ke
cikin jihar, dangane da irin faÉ—ace-faÉ—acen da ke
faruwa tsakanin makiyaya da manoma. Wannan hali ya haifar da matsalolo iri-iri
ta hanyar kashe-kashen rayuka, ta’addanci da garkuwa da mutane don karÉ“ar
kuÉ—in fansa
ya zama ruwan dare. Hukuma ta bayar da gudummuwa don ganin ta warware waÉ—annan
matsalolin da suka addabi jama’a ta hanyar kafa kwamitin kulawa da harkan tsaro
a jihar, wanda ya samar da hanyoyi da dama da za a bi a magance waÉ—annan
matsaloli da suka bijiro a wannan jihar ta Zamfara.
Gabatarwa
Jihar
Zamfara, tana É—aya daga cikin
jihohin da ke yankin arewacin Nijeriya wanda Allah ya albarkace ta da ƙasar
noma mai kyau, domin duk abin da aka shuka a ƙasar zai
fito kuma ya bayar da yabanya sosai. Saboda haka, suke alfahari da noma ga kuma
kiwon dabbobi irin su Shanu da Tumaki da Raguna da dai sauran duk nau’in
dabbobin da ake kiwatawa. Shi ya sa suke amfani da taken cewa “Noma shi ne
alfaharinmu.” Idan aka duba da kyau lallai kuwa abin haka yake Æ™warai.
An fara
samun rashin jituwa a tsakanin al’ummomi biyu, wato manoma da makiyaya (Fulani)
wajen mu’amala da juna dangane da sana’arsu na
noma da kiwo game da ƙorafin da
manoma suke yi cewa,
makiyaya suna cinye masu amfanin gona ta hanyar tura
dabbobinsu cikin gonaki suna yin É“arna, yin haka na jawo masu hasarar
amfanin gona ƙwarai da gaske.
ÆŠaya
É“angaren
kuma na makiyaya suka ce ai ba da gangan suke yi ba, hakan na faruwa ne domin
manoma sun cinye hanyoyi (burtali) da dabbobi za su bi su wuce zuwa kiwo a
dazuka, duk sun mai da su gonakinsu. Haka dai sa-in-sa yai ta faruwa tsakanin
manoma da makiyaya wanda har ya kai suka fara faÉ—a da
kashe-kashen juna, nan da nan Hukuma (Gwamnati) ta miƙe tsaye ta
shiga tsakani don kawo mafita da sulhu saboda a zauna lafiya. Hukuma ta bi ta
hanyoyi da dama wajen warware matsalolin kamar ta hanyar shari’a da yanke
hukunci duk wanda ya yi wa É—aya É“arna sai
ya biya kuÉ—in tara,
haka kuma da ƙoƙarin fitar
da hanyoyi (burtali) da makiyaya suke kuka a kan cewa, manoma sun cinye wato
sun haÉ—e da
gonakinsu ba hanyar wucewa.
Haka dai
abu yai ta faruwa, hukuma (gwamnati) tana kula da tabbatar da cewa an zauna
lafiya domin ci gaban rayuwar mutanenta.
Dalilin
Bincike
Ganin irin
tarin matsalolin da ke ƙunshe ko
tattare da É—an Adam,
inda ake cewa “É—an Adam mai wuyan gane hali,” duk Æ™oÆ™ari
da gwamnati take yi na kawo tsaro da kulawa ga al’umma ta
hanyoyi da yawa, can kuma sai a ga wata matsalar ta fito, wannan ya ba mu damar
yin bincike domin gano ire-iren hanyoyin da hukuma take
bi don murƙushe ko samar da mafita da tabbatar da tsaro
a jihar Zamfara.
Farfajiyar
Bincike
Wannan
bincike zai dubi irin gudummuwar da hukuma ke bayarwa wajen tabbatar da tsaro a
jihar Zamfara wanda ya shafi ire-iren matsalolin ta’addanci na harbe-harben
mutane babu dalili da masu garkuwa da mutane don karɓan kuɗin fansa
da rashin jituwa tsakanin manoma da makiyaya a jihar Zamfara.
Dabarun
Bincike
Binciken
ya yi amfani da bayanai da tsare-tsaren da hukuma (gwamnati) ta tanadar wajen
tabbatar da cin nasarar samar da zaman lafiya tare da kafa kwamitin kulawa da
harkan tsaro, inda aka samu damar zantawa da wasu wakilan gwamnati masu ruwa da
tsaki a wannan gwamnati mai ci, irin su Kwamishinan Tsaro da Harkokin Cikin
Gida da Shugaban Kwamitin Tsaro na Jihar Zamfara da Sakataren ‘Yan Sa Kai a
shekarar, 2019. Bayan haka, an duba hanyoyi da tsare-tsaren da aka tanada wajen
samar da maslaha ga dukkanin matsalolin da ke faruwa.
Matashiya
Hukuma:
Jama’a
ce ko mutane ne da ke kula da tsarin tafiyar da mulki ko jagorancin ƙasa
tafarkin da aka tsara ko turban da aka kafa ƙasar domin
kiyayewa da tafiyar da dokokin tsarin mulkin da aka kafa, aka amince da bin su
a Æ™asar. Wannan ya sa Bahaushe ke cewa, “Hukuma
sai lallashi,” saboda ita hukuma na zartar da hukunci ne ga duk wanda ya taka
doka ko wane ne shi a cikin ƙasa wanda
ya yi daidai da irin laifin da mutum ya aikata. Idan aka kiyaye doka sai a
zauna lafiya. Bunza (2015).
Tsaro: Wannan
hanya ce da ake bi domin kulawa da ƙasa da
dukiyarta da mutanen da ke cikin ƙasar,
saboda gujewa É“arna da
cin mutuncin al’umma. Tsaron Æ™asa mutane
ke yin sa, rashin tsaro daga ayyuka da halayen mutane yake. Bahaushe na da
tsarin tsaro cikin tsarin sarautarsa ta gargajiya inda yake tafiyar da
al’amuransa cikin sauÆ™i tattare
da hukunci mai kyau Shehu (2018).
Da tafiya
ta yi tafiya, sai darajar sarautun gargajiya ya fara dusashewa, ginshiƙin
tsarin kula da gudanarwa ya yi baya, sai aka dasa wayewar ci gaban mai gina
rijiya, abubuwan da suka jawo hakan sun wanzar da rashin tsaro na har abada
akwai:
i)
Mulkin mallaka
ii) Siyasa
iii) Boko
iv) Kutsen baƙin
al’adu
Su suka
fara wargaza sarakunanmu na gargajiya da naÉ—a irin
nasu masu biyayya ga al’adunsu. TuÉ“e Sarki da naÉ—a shi ya
zama wasan yara. Kashe Sarki da tura shi gudun hijira ya zama ruwan dare.
Miyagun É—abi’unsu
na shaye-shaye da suturar tsiraici da sauran munanan abubuwa waÉ—anda ba a
san Bahaushe ko al’ummar Hausawa da su ba ya zama sun karÉ“e su sun yi
katutu a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum. Bunza (2018).
Gudummuwar
Hukuma kan Tsaro
Hukumar
jihar Zamfara (gwamnati) ta yi ruwa ta yi tsaki don kawo ƙarshen
matsalolin da ke addaban jihar na ta’addanci iri daban-daban na siyasa da
rikicin makiyaya da manoma da satar mutane da garkuwa da su da
saka
masu kuÉ—in fansa,
ga masifar fyaÉ—en yara
maza da mata sun zama ruwan dare, ga tsaface-tsaface na burin tara abin duniya
da mallakarta. A tarihin duniyar mutane, babu ƙasar da za
ta samu kanta cikiin ire-iren waɗannan matsaloli face sai ta durƙushe.
Shawo kan irin waɗannan matsaloli sai an yi da gaske matuƙa.
Atuwo (2009) da Bunza (2018).
Haka ya sa
hukuma (gwamnati) ta jihar Zamfara ta kawo É—auki na
gaggawa domin shawo kan matsalolin ta hanyoyi kamar haka:
1. NaÉ—a Kwamishinan
Tsaro da Kula da Harkokin Cikin Gida
2. NaÉ—a Kwamitin
Kulawa da Harkar Tsaro.
3. Samar da
isassun jami’an tsaro tare da makamai.
4. Samar da
kuÉ—aÉ—e domin
gudanar da harkar tsaro.
5. Samar da
ayyuka ga matasa.
6. Samar da
guraben karatu ga matasa.
7. Samar da
hanyar sulhu tsakanin gwamnati da ‘yan ta’adda da kuma masu garkuwa da mutane.
8. Samar da
hanyoyin tattaunawa da sarakuna iyayen ƙasa masu
jagorantar al’umma, don samun mafita.
9. Sa ido da hana
haÆ™ar ma’adanai a Æ™asar.
Duk waÉ—annan
gwamnati ta samar da su ne domin samun mafita game da yanayin da ake ciki; don
samar da zaman lafiya mai É—orewa.
Abubakar (2020).
Mulki da
Tsaro
Masana sun
yi magana dangane da yadda tsarin mulki ke wanzuwa a tsakanin al’umma kamar
inda Acemoglu da Wasu (2013) suka ce: Mulki, abu ne da ke son kulawa da zartar
da gaskiya wajen gudanar da shi a kan waÉ—anda ake
mulka don samun yin adalci a tsakani. Haka kuma, mulki ba zai tafi ba shi kaÉ—ai sai da
tsaro da kiyaye abubuwan da suke kai-komo a cikin al’ummar da ake mulka,
saboda gujewa taɓarɓarewar rayuwa irin na
halaye kamar haka:
i)
Yawaitar cin hanci
da rashawa.
ii) Bazuwar
kangararrun yara a ko’ina.
iii) Ta’addanci
da sauran laifuka.
iv) Shaye-shaye
ga matasa.
v) Rashin shugabanni
nagari.
Doka a
Kadadar Adabi da Al’ada
Doka da
hukunci suna tafiya ne a tare don cim ma manufa, ba
abin da za a saka wa mutane kai tsaye da rana tsaka ba ne,
ana tanadin shi ne tuntuni kafin a sami matsala. Cikin adabi da al’adun al’umma
za a tsinci dokoki da ke tattare da rayuwarsu. Haka kuma, za a dinga kiyayewa da
su da huruminta har a tarbiyantu da tsarin dokokin. Aminu (2014) da Muri
(2003).
Daga cikin
nason da doka ke yi a adabi akwai karuruwan maganar da ke nuna matsayin hakan a
al’adance irin su:
i)
Bin na gaba, bin Allah.
ii) Kowa ya yi
da kyau, zai ga da kyau.
iii) Mai dokar
barci, ya É“uge da
gyangyaÉ—i.
iv) Doka daga
gida take farawa.
v) A bi doka,
a zauna lafiya.
Bin doka
da kiyaye ta, ya yi tasiri a kan tarbiyyar Bahaushe sosai, saboda tsarin mulkin
sarakuna na gargajiya da tun fil-azal Bahaushe yake
da su a rayuwarsa na shugabanci, tun daga gida akwai daraja iyaye da bin
dokokin da suka gindaya wa kowa a cikin gida. Haka kuma, ga masu unguwanni
a ƙauyuka da dagatan kowane yanki da kuma
sarakuna a duk ƙasashen Hausa.
Duk
abubuwan da aka tsara game da tsarin rayuwar mutane, haka za a bi a kiyaye su
domin a cim ma nasara.
Sakamakon
Bincike
Binciken
wannan takarda game da “Matakin Hukuma Wajen Kula da Tabbatar da Tsaro a Jihar
Zamfara.” An auna irin rayuwar da hukuma (gwamnati)
ta taka wajen tabbatar da tsaro ga ƙasa da bunƙasarta.
Binciken ya tabbatar da cewa matsalar tsaro ta kowa da kowa ce, domin tsaro ya
shafi duk wanda ke farfajiyar da ƙasa ta
kafa tutarta. A binciken da aka gudanar an gano abubuwa kamar haka:
i)
Ƙarfin iko
da amfani da muƙami duk ba su isa su
tabbatar da tsaro ba, sai an yi amfani da tsarin al’adun mutanen da aka tanada wa
tsaro saboda sun fi tasiri a gare su da gina tabbataccen tsaro a zamantakewarsu.
ii) Gina
tarbiyya da tsaro don bin dokoki da aka tsara a zukatan mutane a ko’ina wanda
ke da alaÆ™a da al’adunsu zai taimaka.
iii) Nagartaccen
tsari, ba da ƙarfin bindiga ake samar da shi ba, ana amfani
da hanyar cusa wa ‘yan Æ™asa kishin
bin dokar ƙasar ne a zukatansu da wakilan tsaronsu.
iv) Taɓarɓarewar
shugabanci a zukatan shugabanninmu da handama da babakere a kujeran mulki, sai
“mutu ka raba” ya haifar da rashin tsaro.
v) Rashin
kishi da ko-in-kula da al’adunmu da É—abi’unmu
da adabinmu ya haifar da matsaloli na rashin tsaro a tsarinmu.
NaÉ—ewa
Tunanin
Bahaushe a kan tsaro da tanadinsa, hanya ce da za a yi amfani da tsarin dokoki
wanda ya ƙunshi tsaro,
ta yadda za a cusa a zukatan yara da matasa cikin adabi da wasannin gargajiya a
harkokin mu’amala da juna kodayaushe. Bahaushe na cewa hannu É—aya ba ya É—aukar jinka,
don haka sai duk an taru wajen bayar da goyon baya game da kula da tabbatar da
tsaro a ƙasa baki ɗaya.Gwamnati
jihar Zamfara ta tashi tsaye wajen samar da zaman lafiya ga al'uma. Kamar inda
Musa Ɗanƙwairo
Maradun ya ce a waƙarsa kamar haka:
Kowag
gyara ya sani.
Kwaɓ ɓata ya
sani.
DaÉ—ai mutum
ba ya son.
Mai yi mai
jarfa.
Manazarta
1. Acemoglu,
D. and Jame, A.R (2013) Why Nations Fail the Origins of Power, Property and
Poverty. London: Profile Books Ltd.
2. Aminu, N.
(2014) “Culture in the Administration of Peace: Hausa Marriage Under Review.
Paper Presented at the International Conference on Social Behaviour and
Conflict management, Ghana.” University of Café Coast.
3. Atuwo,
A.A. (2009) “Ta’addanci A Idon Bahaushe: YaÉ—uwarsa da
Tasirinsa A Wasu Ƙagaggun Labaran
Hausa.” Kundin Digiri na uku, Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usman ÆŠanfodiyo.
4. Bunza, A.M
(2015) “Labarin Zuciya A Tambayi Fuska: SaÆ™on Dariya
ga Sasanta Tsaro A Farfajiyar Karatun Hausa.” Takardar da aka Gabatar a Sashen
Hausa, Makarantar Harsuna, Kwalejin Ilimi ta Adamu Augie, Arugungu.
5. Bunza, A.M
(2015) “Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro a Daular Musulunci ta Sakkwato Abin Koyi ga
Shugabannin Zamaninmu.” Takardar da aka Gabatar a Taron Yini ÆŠaya
da Centre for Intellectual Services on Sokoto Caliphate ta Shirya, Sakkwato:
Jami’ar Usman ÆŠanfodiyo.
6. Bunza,
A.M. (2015) “Zaman Lafiya ya fi Zama É—an Sarki: Tunkarar ZaÉ“en 2015 a
Nijeriya.” Takardar da aka Gabatar a Taron Kyautata Zaman Lafiya a ZaÉ“en da aka
Gudanar 2015 wanda Orphans of Huffaz Educational Foundation Birnin Kebi Suka
shirya.
7. Bunza, A.M
(2018) “Kunya GinshiÆ™in Tsaron Ƙasa
da BunÆ™asarta.” Takardar da aka Gabatar a ƘarÆ™ashin
Tarayyar Haɗaɗɗiyar Ƙungiyar
ÆŠalibai ‘Yan Jihar Zamfara a ƘarÆ™ashin
Jagorancin Kwamishinan Ilimi na Jihar Zamfara.
8. Muri, A.M.
(2003) “The Defence Policy of the Sokoto Caliphate 1804 – 1908, Ph.D. Thesis,
Sokoto: Usmanu ÆŠanfodiyo University.”
9. Shehu M.
(2018) “Zaman Lafiya ya fi Zama ÆŠan Sarki:
Tunanin Bahaushe a kan Zaman Lafiya da Sasantawa.” Kundin Digiri na uku,
Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usmanu ÆŠanfodiyo.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2022.v01i01.020
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.