Cite this article as: Shehu, M. (2023). Gudunmuwar Marubuta Waƙoƙin Hausa ga Sha’anin Zaman Lafiya. Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture, (2)1, 122-130. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2023.v02i01.015.
Daga
Dr. Musa Shehu
Department of
Nigerian Languages, Usmanu Danfodiyo
University, Sokoto, Nigeria
yawuri3327@gmail.com
07031319454
Abstract
The role of Hausa written poetry in the life of Hausa people can never be over-emphasized. Besides leisure, it gives courage, and determination, and leads to a better way of life. It touches almost all aspects of human endeavor, which includes culture, religion, politics, socialization, knowledge, economics, love of one another, peace and conflict resolution, among others. The aim of this paper is to analyze some Hausa written poetry as regards peace and conflict resolution and see how they contribute to drawing people’s attention and educating them on resolution, peacemaking and peacekeeping, and the effects of crisis according to the tradition of Hausa. Therefore, the paper will peep through some selected written verses that address peace and conflict resolution.
Fitilun Kalmomi: Waƙoƙin Hausa, Zaman Lafiya, Adabi1.0 Gabatarwa
Waƙa
wani saƙo ne da aka gina shi kan tsararriyar ƙa’ida
ta baiti, ɗango, rerawa,
kari (bahari), amsa-amo (ƙafiya), da
sauran ƙa’idojin da suka shafi daidaita kalmomi, zaɓensu da
amfani da su cikin sigogin da ba lalle ne haka suke a maganar baka ba.[1]
Shi kuwa Alƙali Bello Giɗaɗawa cewa ya
yi: “Waƙa dai magana ce tsararriya wadda ake shiryawa
a bisa wasu muryoyi na musamman, wadda kuma ta bambanta da maganar yau da
kullum.[2]
Tsara waƙa baiwa ce ta Ubangiji sai wanda Allah ya
hore wa ita zai iya. Hausawa sun fara rubuta waƙa ne ta
dalilin isar da saƙon Allah, wato domin
yin wa’azi ga jama’a domin su koma tafarkin Allah madaidaici. Marubucin waƙoƙin
Hausa yana nazarin abin da aka fi shagalta da shi, idan na zarafin duniya ne,
ya faɗi ra’ayinsa a
kansa, idan kuma na addini ne ya yi wa mutane wa’azi.[3]
Misali, a cikin ƙarni na 18 da na 19 lokacin da aka himmatu
kan ƙarfafa addini, waƙoƙin
Hausa na wannan zamani duk sun ƙunshi wa’azi
ne. A wajen tsakiyar ƙarni na 20 kuwa,
lokacin da aka shagalta da yaƙin duniya na
biyu, da ilimin zamani da siyasa da tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashen
Turai, an sami haziƙan marubuta waƙoƙi
da suka waƙe waɗannan al’amurra,
kamar Malam Sa’adu Zungur, Malam Mu’azu Haɗeja, Alhaji
Mudin Sipikin da makamantansu.
To
sai dai kuma, wannan zamani na ƙarni 21 ya zo
ne da rikice-rikice da tashe-tashen hankula a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar
Hausa da ma Nijeriya baki ɗaya. Zaman lafiya ya kasa samun gindin
zama, don haka aka sami wasu marubuta waƙoƙin
Hausa waɗanda suka
himmatu wajen waƙe sha’anin zaman lafiya, kama daga alfanun
zaman lafiya, da hanyoyin tabbatar da zaman lafiya, da hanyoyin kariya daga
aukuwan rikici, da illolin da ke tattare da rashin zaman lafiya, da makamantansu.
Waɗannan abubuwa
ne wannan takarda za ta mayar da hankali wajen nazarinsu kamar yadda marubuta
waƙoƙin Hausa suka
kalle su.
2.0 Ma’anar zama lafiya
Zaman lafiya
a Bahaushen tunani shi ne, zama cikin natsuwa, da sakewa da rashin fargaba da
tashin-tashina ta kowace fuska. Zama ne da ba ka cuta ba, ba a cuce ka ba. Zama
ne na aminci ga ƙasa da waɗanda ke cikin
ta, da waɗanda za su
ziyarce ta, da waɗanda za su
fice daga cikin ta, da waɗanda ke maƙwabtaka da
ita. Zama ne da zai bai wa duk wanda ke cikin ƙasa ɗan asalin ta,
da baƙnita na arziki, da ‘yan gudun hijirarta, da
masu zaman mafakar siyasa a ciki, natsuwa da kuranye firgita a zukatansu. Zaman
lafiya zama ne na ɗebe ɗammaha ga duk wata
hayagaga da ruɓushi da ta da
zaune tsaye da wata halitta za ta haddasa ga wanda ke cikin ta, face abubuwan
da babu makawa aka ƙaddaro gare ta daga
mai ƙaddarawa (Allah)[4].
A Ƙamusun
Hausa (2006) ba a kawo ma’ana ɗaya da ta shafi kalmomin biyu ba, wato
‘zama da lafiya’, sai aka kawo ma’anonin kalmomin daban-daban kowane yana cin
gashin kansa. Don haka aka bayyana ma’anar zama da “kasancewa zaune”, wato kishiyar
tsayuwa, lafiya kuma aka bayyana ta da “rashin tashin hankali da hargitsi a
wuri.” Saboda haka, idan aka dubi ma’anonin kalmomin biyu za a ga suna bayyana
ma’anar zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali da rashin rigingimu da fitina a cikin
jama’a.
Ibeanu (2006)
ya kawo ma’anoni kamar guda biyar da suka shafi fannoni daban-daban na ilimi a
kan zaman lafiya, ga su kamar haka:
Zaman lafiya
na nufin rashin wanzuwar yaƙi; yaƙi
kuma na nufin rashin wanzuwar zaman lafiya. Don haka, a koyaushe kalmomin biyu
ba sa haɗuwa wuri ɗaya, dole a
kiyaye su da yadda suke wakana a rayuwa.
A ma’ana ta
ilimin falsafa kuwa (Philosophical definition), zaman lafiya na nufin rashin
wanzuwar cin hanci ko rashawa a cikin al’umma kamar yadda Allah Ya tsara. Haka
ma, ana iya cewa, zaman lafiya yanayi ne na kyakkyawar rayuwar al’umma a doron ƙasa
da bai riga ya gurɓata ba.
A fannin
ilimin walwalar rayuwa (sociological definition), zaman lafiya na nufin yanayin
haɗin kan
al’umma na rashin tashin-tashina a tsakaninsu. A wata faɗar kuma, zama
lafiya na nufin wani yanayi ne na rashin wanzuwar rikice-rikice a tsakanin ɗaiɗaikun mutane
ko ƙungiyoyi ta yadda za su iya samun damar biyan
buƙatun rayuwarsu cikin lumana.[5]
A fannin
siyasa kuma (political definition), kamar yadda Jami’ar zaman lafiya ta
bayyana, zaman lafiya shi ne tsarin siyasa da ke tabbatar da wanzuwar adalci ga
al’umma. Daga nan kuma marubucin ya bayyana ra’ayinsa kan ma’anar zaman lafiya
yana cewa, zaman lafiya al’amari ne da ya shafi al’amurran da suka shafi bunƙasa
da ci gaba kai tsaye ko a fakaice, da rage rikici a cikin wata al’umma da ma
al’ummomin duniya baki ɗaya.[6]
Francis,
(2006) yana cewa, zaman lafiya na nufin rashin wanzuwar yaƙi, tsoro,
rikici, fargaba, wahala, da ta’addanci, da kuma wanzuwar lumana. Wato abu ne da
ya shafi samuwa da ɗorewar adalci a cikin al’umma da kuma sasanta
rikici ta hanyar ruwan sanyi.[7]
3.0 Sasantawa
Sasantawa
(Conflict Resolution) wani al’amari ne mai muhimmancin gaske a rayuwar kowace
al’umma. A duk lokacin da wasu rikice-rikice ko yaƙe-yaƙe
ko tashin-tashina suka wanzu a tsakanin al’umma, hanya mafi dacewa da ya kamata
a yi amfani da ita domin warware su cikin ruwan sanyi da kuma dawo da zaman
lafiya mai ɗorewa ita ce
hanyar sasantawa ko yin sulhu a tsakanin masu husuma.
A ƙamusun
Hausa (2006) an bayyana ma’anar sasantawa da shiga tsakanin masu husuma biyu,
ko kuma sulhu.[8]
A cikin Ƙamusun Oxford an kawo ma’anar sasantawa da
cewa, yanayi ne na warware ko daidaita matsala, jayayya, da sauransu.[9]
4.0 Mafarin rikice-rikice
Duk wata
matsala ko rikici da ya auku a rayuwa akwai musabbabin aukuwarsa, ko dai kai
tsaye ko a fakaice. Marubuta waƙoƙin
Hausa daban-daban sun bayyana wasu dalilai da ke haddasa rashin zaman lafiya a
waƙoƙinsu na
“zaman lafiya” waɗanda suka haɗa da:
4.1 Rashin adalcin shugabanni
Ba shakka,
rashin adalcin shugabanni na taushe haƙƙin talaka, da
tursasa shi, da yin ko-oho da muradun rayuwarsa, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen
rashin samuwar zaman lafiya da ake fama da shi a yau a ƙasar Hausa.
Shugabanni sun kasance marasa gaskiya, da rashin amana, da rashin cika alkawali
musamman ga ‘yan siyasar wannan zamani, da uwa-uba barazanar da ake yi wa
rayuwarsu a kullu yaumin. Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta
“zaman lafiya” a baiti na 10 da 11 da 12 da 17, yana cewa:
Baiti na 10:
Masu iko sun yi ƙi-mudu-gus
Wajen bai wa talaka
hatsin gus-gus
Su kuwa suna ta tauna
gurus-gus
Hakan ya haifar da
zaman ƙiyayya
Baiti na 11:
‘Yan siyasa suna
alkawartawa
Idan sun ci zaɓe za ai
morewa
Suna ci sai su zam ɓacewa
Hakan ma na jawo hatsaniya
Baiti na 12:
Masu mulki suna sheƙa
mulki
Wanda ya sa wasu ke
take hakki
Almundahana, danniya
da zulaƙi
Wanda ta sa talaka yin gogayya
Baiti na 17:
Masu iko na fashi da
muƙami
An bar talakawa cikin
jimami
Da warin jiki mai
tsabar hamami
Ga ruwan hawaye na zuba a idaniya
4.2 Talauci da rashin aikin yi
Talauci da
rashin aikin yi na daga cikin abubuwan da ke kassara rayuwar al’umma, wanda a
mafi yawan lokuta idan ba a kai zuciya nesa ba, sai a faɗa ga aikata
miyagun ayyuka waɗanda za su
iya haddasa fitina da rashin zaman lafiya. Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza a waƙarsa
ta gasar waƙoƙin zaman
lafiya a baiti na 57 da 58, ya bayyana rashin aikin yi na haddasa rashin zaman
lafiya a cikin al’umma, yana cewa:
Baiti na 57:
Rashin aikin yi shi
ka kawo
Zaman banza a yi
gardama
Baiti na 58:
Da sannu abin ya game
gari
Har ya watsu ƙasa
ya ƙudan zuma
Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta
“zaman lafiya” a baiti na 18 da na 19, ya bayyana talauci da rashin aikin yi
daga cikin musabbabin hana zaman lafiya a cikin al’umma, yana cewa:
Baiti na 18
Talauci ya sanya
fashi da makami
Kana gida ka ga ɓarayi da
makami
A kan hanyar tafiya
ma da makami
Ka bayar da kuɗi ka zauna
lafiya
Baiti na 19
Matasa ba aikin yi
sai zaga gari
Ba su da ko sule,
balle zancen ɗari
Hakan kuwa ya sa su
cikin garari
Wanda ya sa
suke ta hatsaniya
5.0 Illolin rashin zama lafiya
Rashin zaman
lafiya babbar musiba ce a rayuwar al’umma, domin yakan haddasa talauci da
fargaba da taɓarɓarewar
tattalin arziki, da hasarar dukiyoyi da ma rayuwa baki ɗaya. Farfesa
Aliyu Muhammad Bunza a waƙarsa ta
“zaman lafiya” a baiti na 81 da na 82 da na 99 da na 100, ya bayyana irin
illolin da ke tattare da rashin zaman lafiya a cikin al’umma, wanda ya haɗa da taɓarɓarewar ilimi
da tattalin arzikin ƙasa, yana cewa:
Baiti na 81:
Kashe ilmi fitina ka
yi
Duk ta ƙare
manyan maluma
Baiti na 82:
Takan ƙare
jama’ar ƙasa
Duk su tsere ba mai
sallama
Baiti na 99:
Jidali na tauye
darajar ƙasa
Ga idanun al’uma
Baiti na 100:
Ya toshe tafarkin
arziki
Ba zama na
lumana an gama
Shi ma Bashir
Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta zaman lafiya a baiti na 5 da na 7 da
na 15, yana bayyana irin illolin da rikicin Arewaci da Kudancin Nijeriya suka
haifar, wanda suka haɗa da hasaran rayuka da dukiya, yana cewa:
Baiti na 5:
A Kudu maso gabas ana
ta hatsaniya
Suna fasa bututun mai
da hauragiya
Tattalin arziki ya
zama koma baya
Muna cikin talauci ba
zaman lafiya
Baiti na 7:
A Arewacin ƙasata
har da Maiduguri
Ana ta rikici na
addini babu tsari
Rayuka da dukiyoyi
sun ɓata ba iƙirari
Wanda hakan ya haifar
da ƙiyayya
Baiti na 15:
Rayuwa ta zam taɓarɓarewa
Al’amurra sun zam
rikirkicewa
Komai da komai yai ƙazancewa
Sai lahaula a ƙasata
Nijeriya
6.0 Matsayin mai hana zama lafiya
Babu wata
al’umma da ta aminta da mai tayar da ƙayar baya,
balle ma ta yi masa tarbon arziki. Wannan ya sa duniya take kiran masu tayar da
zaune tsaye da suna ‘yan ta’adda. Don haka ma Hausawa ke da karin maganar da ke
cewa: “Maso faɗa wawa” da
kuma “Fitina kwance take, Allah ya la’ani mai tayar da ita”. Malam Sambo Wali
ya bayyana irin wannan matsayi na mai tayar da zaune tsaye a waƙarsa
ta “Ku bar faɗa ku bar son
yaya” a baiti na 13 da na 19, yana cewa:
Baiti na 13:
Faɗa halin
matsiyaci ne don ba shi da komi
Baƙin
cikin mutan kirki sun tattara komi
Shi bai aje ba ɓanna ba ta
cin shi da komi
Mai arziki ka tsoron
fitina ko bisa komi
Don ba ya son abin da
duk ka lalata biɗatai
Baiti na 19:
Dut ‘yan ƙasarmu
Afirka ban ɗebe guda ba
A bar faɗa a bar son
yaya ba falo na ba
Mai hankali tunani
yaka yi ba sababi ba
Faɗa halin
matsiyaci na hauka shika wo ba
Ko mace na
iza shi ga ɓannatai ya ga
daidai
Shi ma Hamisu
Lamiɗo wanda aka
fi sani da Hamisu Iyantama, ya bayyana matsayin mai ta da fitina a cikin mutane
a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na farko kamar
yadda Malam Sambo Wali ya bayyana, yana cewa:
Baiti na 1:
Fitina kwance take
hankali kwance ne
Duk wanda ya tashe ta
shaiɗani ne
Tsinuwar Allah yai
la’anta ne
Ga wanda duk
ya ta da hankalin juna
7.0 Hanyoyin zama lafiya da sasantawa
Rubutattun waƙoƙin
Hausa ba a bar su baya ba wajen ƙoƙarin
bayyana hanyoyin da suka dace mutane su riƙa amfani da
su domin ɗorewar zaman
lafiya da sasantawa. Daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyi da marubuta waƙoƙin
Hausa sukan bayyana a waƙoƙinsu
akwai: Haƙuri da taimakon juna da son juna da kauce wa
ruɗin duniya da
neman ilimin addini da ilimin kimiyya da sauransu.
7.1 Haƙuri
A tunanina
kalmar haƙuri a wannan bagire na nufin jurewa ko taushe
zuciya idan aka yi wa mutum ba daidai ba ya yafe ko ya bar wa Allah. Haƙuri
muhimmin sinadari ne da za a yi amfani da shi wajen samar da zaman lafiya da ɗorewarsa a
rayuwar al’umma. Da mutane za su riƙa sa haƙuri
a dukkan al’amurran rayuwarsu, da wasu fitintinu ba su addabe su ba. A waƙarsa
ta “zaman lafiya”, Bashir Musa Liman ya kawo bayanin haƙuri a baiti
na 25 a matsayin hanyar zaman lafiya musamman dangane da rikice-rikicen siyasa
da ya mamaye Hausawa a yau, yana cewa:
Baiti na 25:
‘Yan siyasa su san
cewa
A zaɓe akwai ci da
faɗuwa
In sun faɗi su zan haƙurewa
Haka zai
haifar da zaman lafiya
Wannan baiti
yana kira ne musamman ga ‘yan siyasa da ‘yan bangarsu da ke tayar da ƙayar
baya idan ba su sami nasara ba. Kamata ya yi su bar wa Allah su ɗauki ƙaddarar
faɗuwa, wata
rana za su iya samun nasara.
7.2 Adalci ga Shugabanni
Duk al’ummar
da ta ribantu da samun adilan shugabanni masu ƙoƙarin
kyatata wa mabiya da kare martabarsu da ba su kariya ga duk wani abu da ka iya
barazana ga zamantakewar rayuwarsu. Yin hakan zai sa zaman lafiya ya sami
sukunin walwala, yayin da tashe-tashen hankula da rikice-rikice za su ƙaranta.
Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza a waƙarsa ta gasar
waƙoƙin zaman
lafiya a baiti na 13 da 27, yana cewa:
Baiti na 13:
A tabbata duk
sha’anin ƙasa,
‘Yan ƙasa kowa ya
tsunduma.
Baiti na 27:
Hukuma ya zama wajibi
gun ki,
Dole ki tashi ki ɗau tsuma.
Bashir Musa
Liman a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 26, kira ya
yi ga shugabannin siyasa da su sauke nauyin da aka aza musu na kare martaba da
haƙƙoƙin talakawan
da suke wakilta, domin yin hakan ne zai kawo ɗorewar zaman
lafiyar al’umma. Ga abin da yake cewa:
Baiti na 26:
Su kuma waɗanda suka kai
ga ɗarewa
Ga muƙami,
kujera suna masu lilawa
To, su sauke nauyi da
haƙƙin talakawa
Don a samu
kyakkyawan zaman lafiya
7.3 Taimakon juna
A duk lokacin
da al’umma suka haɗa kansu wuri ɗaya wajen
taimaka wa junansu domin warware wasu matsaloli na rayuwa, ba shakka rayuwarsu
za ta kyautata, kuma zaman lafiya zai sami filin baje kolinsa a tsakaninsu. Ga
abin da Bashir Musa Liman ke cewa dangane da taimakon juna a baiti na 28 da na
30:
Baiti na 28:
Masu kuɗi ku zan
taimakawa
Kayan masarufi ku zam
bayarwa
Taimakon talaka ku ci
gaba da yowa
Wannan zai sa a samu
zaman lafiya
Baiti na 30:
Mu so juna, mu ƙaunaci
juna
Mu ji tausayi, mu
taimaki juna
Mu agaza, mu kyautata
wa juna
Yin haka zai
sa a zauna lafiya
7.4 Kawar da bambancin addini da ƙabilanci
Nuna
bambancin addini da ƙabilanci na daga
cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haddasa rikice-rikice da ruɗani a ƙasar
Hausa, waɗanda suka
jima suna ci wa mazauna ƙasar tuwo a ƙwarya.
Sha’iri Farfesa Aliyu Muhammada Bunza a waƙarsa ta gasa
mai suna “mu zauna lafiya” a baiti na 35 da 36 da 44 da baiti na 45, kira ya yi
da a kauce wa tashin-tashinar addini da ƙabilanci
domin jama’a su zauna lafiya, yana cewa:
Baiti
na 35:
Dukkan
masana a cikin Ɗariƙa
Izala
Shi’a na gama
Baiti
na 36:
Ku
daina jidalin ƙungiyoyi
Da
jayayya don mai sama
Baiti
na 44:
Ƙabilanci cutarsa ya ƙaiƙayi
Tsami
wane rama
Baiti
na 45:
Yana
kawo yaƙi ƙasa sai,
Ta tarwatsa babu
wurin zama
Shi ma,
Muhammadu Sambo Wali a waƙarsa mai suna
“ku bar faɗa ku bar son
yaya..” a baiti na 8 da na 11, kira ya yi da a guji nuna bambancin addini da ƙabilanci
musamman tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. Ya nuna cewa, tun da Allah ya riga ya
halitto mu wuri ɗaya, kamata
ya yi mu haƙura mu zauna tare don mu amfana da juna. Ga
abin da yake cewa:
Baiti na 8:
A bar faɗan ƙabilanci
ban yarda da shi ba
Faɗan a tsarkake
jinsi bai sahi da mu ba
Ubangijinmu yay yo mu
ƙasa ɗai fa ki duba
Da yai nufin mu watse
da bai yo haka nan ba
Nufin
yakai mu amfana da junanmu gaba ɗai
Baiti
na 11:
Nan
da ɗai Musulmi
muke mun tsere tsara
Bisa
dole an ka mulke mu ga mulki na Nasara
Ku
riƙe faɗin Lakum Dinukum ba
ta da gyara
A
nan akwai Kiristoci na bayyana saura
Ga
zamantakewa kowa tashi ta fissai
Bashir Musa
Liman a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 31, ya
bayyana kawar da nuna bambancin waɗannan abubuwa biyu (addini da ƙabilanci)
a zukatan al’umma, wani mataki ne na zaman lafiya da kawar da rikice-rikice,
yana cewa:
Baiti na 31:
Idan muna so mu zam
walawa
Ɓangaranci ya
zamto mun wullarwa
Yarenci da ƙabilanci,
mu zam kaucewa
Hakan zai sa
a yi daddaɗar dariya
7.5 Kauce wa ruɗin
duniya
Ko shakka
babu, duk wanda ke biye wa ruɗin duniya zai iya faɗawa cikin
halaka ko da-na-sani. Wannan ya sa da yawa daga cikin rikice-rikicen da ke
addabar mutane akwai ruɗin duniya na biye wa son zuciya suna aikata
masha’a ba tare da tunanin abin da zai biyo baya ba, mai kyau ko akasinsa.
Wannan ya sa Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta
“zaman lafiya” a baiti na 33 da 34 da 35, yake gargaɗin mutane da
su guji irin wannan ruɗi na duniya don a samu zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa:
Baiti na 33:
Jama’a mu guji ruɗin budurwar
duniya
Ƙazamiya,
mamugunciya, makauniya
Asharariya,
ibilishiya, mayaudariya
Maƙaryaciya,
mahillaciya, mazambaciya
Baiti na 34:
Ruɗinta ke
haifar da ƙiyayya
Har ya zamto ana ta
bugayya
Yaudararta ta wuce
sanayya
Ta wani, bare a yi
zancen dubayya
Baiti na 35:
Ya kamata mu yo
tunani
Don tantance yanayin
zamani
Don guje wa sharrin
shaiɗani
Wanda ba ya
son zaman lafiya
7.6 Ilimi
Samuwar ilimin
addini haɗi da na
zamani yana taimakawa ƙwarai wajen wanzar da
zaman lafiya da sasantawa. Haka ma, rashinsa a cikin al’umma yana haifar da ruɗanin
tashe-tashen hankula da wanzar da ƙiyayya. Haka
kuma, samuwar tarbiyya tagari ga al’umma wani sinadari ne na dauwamar da zama
lafiya a cikinsu. Wannan ya sa duk al’ummar da ta rasa kyakkyawar tarbiyya
musamman ga matasa, tilas ayyukan ta’addanci da rashin zama lafiya su addabe
ta. Har wa yau, Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta
“zaman lafiya” a baiti na 37, yana gargaɗin al’umma da su
tashi tsaye wajen neman ilimi da kuma samar da tarbiyya domin rayuwa ta sami
walwala da sakewa, yana cewa:
Baiti na 37:
A yi ilimin addini da
na kimiyya
Kuma a ƙasa
idan aka samu tarbiyya
Mu lura ƙasa
za ta zauna lami lafiya
Da rayuwa ba
kwan gaba, kwan baya
Dakta Aliyu
Tilde ya yi irin wannan gargaɗi a waƙarsa ta
“zaman lafiya” a baiti na 35 ya ce a nemi ilimin addini da na zamani domin a
sami zama lafiya da ci gaban tattalin arziki:
Baiti na 35:
Mu rungumi ilmu na
dini da duniya
Ci gaba rizƙu
don zaman lafiya
7.7 Haɗin Kai
A yayin da
kawunan al’umma ya rarraba, kowa ya kama gabansa, tilas fitintinu da rashin
zaman lafiya su wanzu a tsakaninsu. Haɗin kansu wuri ɗaya kuma, shi
zai kawar da duk wata gaba da zogin zuci da kuma duk wani tashin-tashina da
kawo zaman lafiya. Da ma Hausawa na cewa: “Hannu ɗaya ba ya ɗaukar jinka” Farfesa
Aliyu Muhammad Bunza a waƙarsa ta gasa
mai suna “mu zauna lafiya” a baiti na 9 da na 10, ya bayyana haɗin kan al’umma
daga cikin abubuwan da ke zaunar da su lafiya, yana cewa:
Baiti
na 9:
Ku
zamto ƙasa ɗai zuriya ɗaya
Zaman
daɗi tamkar zuma
Baiti
na 10:
Irin
haka shi ke sa ƙasa
Haɓaka ya zamo
ta kankama
Hamisu
Iyantama a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” ya fito da wannan jigo
na haɗin kai domin
samun zaman lafiyar al’umma a baiti na 4 da na 10, yana cewa:
Baiti na 4:
Mu dena raba junanmu
babu ci gaba
Ta kowace siga mu bar
yin gaba
Idan Allah ya so ba
zai bambanta mu ba
Halittarmu sai ya yo kamannin juna
Baiti na 10:
Mu haɗa kai al’umma
ɗaya kar mu
rarraba
Muna kira mu jure wa
halin juna
Mu zauna lafiya, mu
zauna lafiya
Mu zauna
lafiya tsakanin juna
7.8 Addu’a
A duk lokacin
da wani al’amari ya zama tarnaƙi ga rayuwar
Hausawa, ya ƙi ci ya ƙi cinyewa, za
ka iske an mayar da lamarin ga hannun Ubangiji ana yawaita addu’ar samun mafita
domin kuɓutar da
rayuwa ga irin barazanar da ake yi mata. Wannan ya sa marubuta waƙoƙin
Hausa bayan sun bayyana irin hanyoyin zaman lafiya, sai kuma su biyo da addu’a
ga mahalicci domin ya sa hannu cikin lamarin. Wannan shi ya haifar da yawaitar
amfani da karin maganar Hausawa da ke cewa: “Allah ya ba mu lafiya da zaman
lafiya”. Bashir Musa Liman a waƙarsa ta
“zaman Lafiya” a baiti na 39 yana cewa:
Baiti na 39:
Roƙona
ga Ubangiji Makaɗaici
Mai halitta har da
iccen maɗacci
Wanda ya sa har
abinci nakan ci
Ya sa ƙasata
a yi zaman lafiya
Baiti na 40:
Tammat a waƙe
na zo ƙarshe
Don alfarmar Annabin ƙarshe
Dace da ganinsa shi
ne ƙarshe
Allah ya sa a
samu zaman lafiya
Shi ma Aliyu
Tilde ya yi makamancin wannan addu’a na samun zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa a cikin
al’umma, a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 30 da 31 da
34 da 87, yana cewa:
Baiti na 30:
Ta’ala mashiryi ga ni
gare ka
Ina zan ka roƙon
zaman lafiya
Baiti na 31:
Gare ni da ‘ya’ya da
mata dukkanmu
Da dangi abokai ga
baki ɗaya
Baiti na 34:
Fitintinu na baya
kaza na zamanu
Ka kare mu Jalla mu
zam lafiya
Baiti na 87:
In yi sujuda in gode
Allah
Ta’ala ka
zaunar da mu lafiya
8.0 Amfanin zama lafiya
Haƙiƙa
babu wani abu ɗaya mafi
alfanu a rayuwar al’umma da ya kama ƙafar zaman
lafiya. Sai da zaman lafiya basarake zai gudanar da mulkinsa a tsanake. Mai
arziki ba ya more wa dukiyarsa idan babu zaman lafiya. Walwala ba ta samuwa ga
talaka idan ba a zaune lafiya. Wannan ya sa Hausawa ke cewa: “Zama lafiya ya fi
zama ɗan sarki, ko
ma ya fi zama sarkin.” A kan haka ne marubuta waƙoƙin
Hausa suke bayyana alfanun zama lafiya domin al’umma su rungume shi ta yadda za
su ribanci rayuwarsu. Sha’iri Farfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza a waƙarsa
ta zaman lafiya, ya yi bayanin amfanonin zaman lafiya a cikin al’umma a baiti
na 61 da na 62 da na 63, yana cewa:
Baiti
na 61:
Ku
bi ni da kyau in lisafo
Fa’ida
ga zama bisa lalama
Baiti
na 62:
Yana
bunƙasar da ‘ya’yanta
Al’amurranta
su kankama
Baiti
na 63:
Sana’o’i
su yawaita don arzikinmu
Ya zan ya dauwama
Idan
aka yi nazarin waɗannan baituka
za a ga suna nuni da cewa, idan aka samu zaman lafiya a ƙasa, komai
zai haɓaka a samu ci
gaba, kama daga tattalin arziki da abubuwan more rayuwa da sauran al’amurra.
Shi
ma Dakta Aliyu Tilde a waƙarsa ta
“zaman lafiya” ya fito da amfanin zaman lafiya a matsayin arzikin da babu
kamarsa a faɗin duniya a
baiti na 32 da baiti na 33, yana cewa:
Baiti na 32:
Musulmi, Kirista
Ta’ala Karimu
Haɗa mu zumuncin
zaman lafiya
Baiti na 33:
Daɗe mu fahimta
ta juna mu gane
Cikin arziki
ba kamar zaman lafiya
Auwalu Anwar
a waƙarsa ta “zaman lafiya” a baiti na 4 da baiti
na 8 da ke cikin littafin Gadar Zare, shi
ma yana bayyana cewa, dukkan wani cigaban ƙasashen
duniya da za a iya samu ya ta’allaƙa ne ga zaman
lafiya. Ga abin da sha’irin ke cewa:
Baiti na 4:
Batun ci gaban duk ƙasashe
haƙiƙa
Yana nan ga samun
zaman lafiya
Baiti na 8:
Ku gane batun
tattalin arzikinmu
Gudan ginshiƙinsa
zaman lafiya
9.0 Naɗewa
Babu shakka,
zaman lafiya wani al’amari ne da ke da matuƙar muhimmanci
da amfani a tarihin rayuwar ɗan’adam. Babu wani mutum ɗaya mai
arziki ko faƙiri (moro), basarake ko talaka ko mai mulki
da zai sami ingantaccen rayuwa mai ɗorewa da sakewa ba tare da zaman
lafiya ba. Babu wata al’umma da za ta sami ɗaukaka ko bunƙasa
da cigaban tattalin arziki da siyasa da zamantakewa da walwala face tana
gudanar da rayuwarta cikin ƙoshin zaman
lafiya. Saboda haka ne za a iske duk wata al’umma da ta sami ci gaban rayuwa,
haƙiƙa tana bisa
turba ta zaman lafiya. Haka ma, duk wata al’umma ko ƙabila ko ƙasa
da rikice-rikice da yaƙe-yaƙe
da tashin-tashina suka mamaye ta, za a tarar al’amurranta sun taɓarɓare ko ma sun
durƙushe baki ɗaya.
Manazarta
Bunza, A.M. (2015).
“Labarin
Zuciya a Tambayi Fuska: Saƙon Dariya ga Sasanta
Tsaro a Farfajiyar Karatun Hausa”. Takardar da aka gabatar a
Makarantar Harsuna, Sashen Hausa na Kwalejin Ilimi ta Adamu Augie,
Argungu.
Bunza, A.M. (2015).
“Zama
Lafiya Ya Fi Zama Ɗan Sarki: Shirin Tunkarar
Zaɓen 2015 2015
a Nijeriya” Takardar da aka gabatar a taron ƙara wa juna
sani kan kyautata zama lafiya a zaɓen da za a
gudanar a shekarar 2015 wanda ƙungiyar Orphans and Huffaz Educational Foudation
Birnin
Kebbi ya shirya.
Bunza, A.M. (2015).
“Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro a Daular Musulunci ta Sakkwato: Abin Koyi ga Shugabannin
Zamaninmu”. Takardar da aka gabatar a taron yini ɗaya da Centre for Intellectual Services on Sokoto
Caliphate ta shirya na faɗakarwa a kan muhimmancin tsaro da
zaman lafiya.
Ezirim, G.E. (2009).
“The
Role of Civil Society in Conflict Management” in Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution
in Nigeria: A Reader, Edited by Ikejiani-Clark M. Ibadan: Books
Limited.
Francis, D.J.
(2006). “Peace and Conflict Studies: An African Overview of
Basic Concepts” in Introduction to Peace and
Conflict Studies in West Africa, Edited by Shedrack Gaya Best.
Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited, Spectrum Housa.
Sani, S.
(2007). The Killing Fields: Religious Violence in Northern
Nigeria. Ibadan:
Spectrum Books limited,
Spectrum House.
Shehu, M.
& Sani, A-U. (2019). Intra-Religious Conflicts within the Hausa Hausa-folk.
In EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, (1)3, 145-150. https://www.easpublisher.com/get-articles/344.
[1] Abdulƙadir Ɗangambo (1981) “Ɗaurayar Gadon Feɗe Waƙa” Maƙalar da ya gabatar a taron ƙara wa juna sani a Sashen Koyar
da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero, Kanoshafi na 3.
[2] Alƙali Bello Giɗaɗawa (2006:174) Bargon Hikima. Cibiyar Nazarin Hausa, Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo University Sokoto.
[3] Alhaji Abubakar Ladan
1975:ix, Waƙar Haɗa
kan Al’ummar Afirka. Ibadan:
University Press Limited.
[4] Aliyu Muhammad Bunza 2015. “Zaman
Lafiya da Tsaro a Daular Musulunci ta Sakkwato: Abin Koyi ga Shugabannin
Zamaninmu.” Takardar da aka gabatar a taron yini ɗaya da Centre for Intellectual
Services on Sokoto Caliphate ta shirya na faɗakarwa a kan muhimmancin tsaro da
zaman lafiya a ƙarƙashin koyarwar shugabannin
Daular Musulunci ta Sakkwato ranar Asabar 31 ga Janairu, 2015 da ƙarfe goma na safe.
[5] Domin ƙarin bayani, ana iya duba Shehu, & Sani, (2019).
[6] Oke Ibeanu 2006 “Conceptualising
Peace” a cikin Introduction to peace and
conflict studies in West Africa, page 255.
[7] David J. Francis, “Peace and
conflict studies: An African overview of basic concepts” a cikin Introduction to peace and conflict studies
in West Africa, 2006.
[8] Ƙamusun Hausa Wallafar Cibiyar
Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero Kano, shafi na 393.
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