Cite this article as: Mukhtar, K.B., Baba, I., Usman, A. & Lalloki, S.B. (2023). Kwatance a Waƙoƙin Makaɗan Sitidiyo: Tsokaci Daga Wasu Waƙoƙin Sarauta na Haruna Aliyu Ningi. Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture, (2)2, 167-175. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2023.v02i02.019.
Kamilu Bashir Mukhtar
Department of Hausa
Language,
Aminu Kano College of Islamic and Legal Studies, Kano
08039641126
Da
Ibrahim Baba
National Teachers Institute,
Kaduna.
07066366586, 08125351694
ibrahimba182@gmail.com
Da
Abu Usman
Department of Hausa
Sa'adatu Rimi University of
Education, Kano
0803 718 5538
abusman72@gmail.com
Da
Salman Bashir Lalloki,
Department of Hausa,
School
of Secondary Education, Language,
Aminu Kano College of
Islamic and Legal Studies Kano
Tsakure
Wannan
takarda ta yi nazarin salon Kwatance ne a
wasu waƙoƙin sarauta
na Haruna Aliyu Ningi. A cikin takardar an fito da misalai na kwatantawa tare
da yi musu sharhi. An ɗora nazarin wannan takarda bisa
Mazhabar Nazarin Waƙar Baka Bahaushiya ta
Gusau (2015). Dabaru da hanyoyin da aka bi wajen gudanar da wannan takarda sun
haɗa da hira
da Haruna Aliyu Ningi da wasu manazarta waƙar baka.
Sannan an samo waƙoƙin
ne kai tsaye daga wurin Haruna Ningi a inda aka juye su a rubuce domin samun saƙin
nazari. Binciken ya gano Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana
amfani da dabarar adonta harshe ta kwatantawa waɗanda suka
haɗa da
kamantawa ta daidaito da ta fifiko da
siffantawa da jinsintarwa wanda ta haɗa da abuntarwa da
mutuntarwa da dabbantarwa da kuma alamtarwa.Gudummawar da takardar za ta bayar
ita ce ƙara ba da haske ga manazarta da ɗalibai ta
yadda za su nazarci adon harshe a waƙoƙin
baka na Hausa.
Fitilun Kalmomi: Kwatance, Waƙar
Baka, Makaɗa,
Sitidiyo, Haruna Aliyu Ningi
1.0 Gabatarwa
Waƙa na ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwa
da ake amfani da ita wajen isar da saƙo a wannan lokaci da muke ciki. Za a fahimci haka idan
aka yi la’akari da yadda mawaƙa suke taka rawa wajen bayyana manufofin gwamnati ko tallata
wata haja ko sanar da bikin ɗaurin aure ko fito da abubuwa na wayar
da kan al’umma da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwar yau da kullum.
Wannan takarda ta yi nazarin kwatance ne a wasu waƙoƙin sarauta na Haruna Aliyu Ningi. A cikin takardar an kawo
taƙaitaccen
tarihin makaɗiHaruna Aliyu Ningi. An kawo hanyoyin da dabarun da aka yi
amfani da su wajen nazarin. Haka kuma an kawo bayani a kan ma’anar kwatance da nau’o’insa waɗanda suka haɗa
da kamantawa da siffantawa da kuma jinsintarwa a inda aka fito da misalansu
tare da yi musu sharhi. Daga ƙarshe an kawo jawabin kammalawa,
da kuma manazarta.
1.1 Tarihin
Haruna Aliyu Ningi
Haihuwar
Haruna Aliyu Ningi ta auku ne a ranar
Talata 22/11/1972 a ƙauyen Rumbu da ke cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ningi ta jahar Bauchi. Kasancewar mahaifinsa
malamin ne, Haruna ya yi karatun allo a wurin mahaifin nasa wanda a wurinsa ne
ya sauke Alkur’ani, tare da karatun
sauran fannoni waɗanda
suka haɗa da Fiƙihu da Hadisai da
sauran fannonin addininn Musulunci. Ya
halarci makarantar firamare ta garin Rumbu daga shekarar 1977-1981. Ya samu
nasarar shiga makarantar sakandire da take garin Bura daga 1981 zuwa 1986. Haruna
ya ci gaba da karatu mai zurfi a makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha da ke Ƙauran Namoda, a inda ya samu takardar
shaidar Dufuloma a ɓangaren
harkokin kuɗi (Financial Studies) a shekarar 1996. Bayan kammala karatun
ne ya faɗa harkar siyasa.
Ya fara waƙa ne a shekarar 1996 a lokacin siyasar UNCP da DPN. Yana da shahararrun waƙoƙi waɗanda
suka haɗa da waƙar “PDP
jam’iyata” da “Ku faɗa wa Obasanjo; Mu kan ba mu yarda ta zarce
ba” da kuma “Shegiyar uwa mai kashe ‘ya’yanta PDP” da sauransu. Haruna bai gaji waƙa ba domin mahaifinsa malami ne, to amma da yake Allah ya ƙaddara zai zama mawaƙi sai ya tsinci kansa a cikin harkar.
Haka kuma ba wanda ya koya masa waƙa, kawai dai Allah ne ya haska tauraronsa, shi ya sa ma ba
shi da wani wanda zai ce shi ne maigidansa a harkar waƙa, sai dai abokan hulɗa kawai. Haruna makaɗi ne da
yake aiwatar da waƙoƙinsa
da kayan kiɗan zamani
tare da ‘yan amshi a sitidiyonsa mai suna Baushe Media da ke garin Bauchi (Muhammad, 2019, sh. 4).
2.0 Waƙoƙin Haruna
Aliyu Ningi A Faifan Manazarta
Masana da manazarta da dama sun yi rubube-rubube
a kan Haruna Aliyu Ningi da waƙoƙinsa,
alal misali Muhammad (2007) da Binta (2007) da Ɗan’asabe
(2008) da Hussaini (2009) da Madawaki
(2012) da Usman (2013) da Zainab (2013) da Hassan (2013) da Sulaiman (2015) da
Muhammad (2019) da Hussaini da Muhammad (2020) da Hussaini da Muhammad (2021)
Umma (2021) da sauran manazarta da dama.
3.0 Dabaru da Hanyoyin
Bincike
A yayin gudanar da wannan bincike, an yi
amfani da nau’in bincike bi-sharhi ko sharhantaccen bincike. An sami waƙoƙin
da aka nazarta kai tsaye daga wurin Haruna Aliyu Ningi a inda aka saurare su
sannan aka juye su a rubuce domin samun sauƙin nazari.
Waƙoƙin da aka
nazarta sun haɗa da “waƙar
Zannan Katsina” da “waƙar Sarkin
Gandun Zazzau” da “waƙar Dattuwa
Mangan Wunti” da “waƙar Sarkin Wamba” da
“waƙar sarkin Damban” da “waƙar
Ajiyan Sardaunan Jama’are”.
An yi
amfani da hanyar nazarin waƙar baka
Bahaushiya (2015) wadda Farfesa Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya wallafa a shekarar
2015. Haka kuma muhimman ɓangaren da aka yi amfani da shi wajen
wannan nazari, shi ne dabarar kwatance wacce ta
haɗa da
kamantawa da siffantawa da kuma jinsintarwa.
Ma’anar Kwatantawa
Kwatantawa na nufin gwada abubuwa domin nemo bambanci tsakaninsu
(CNHN2006, shf. 268). Dija Ɗan’iya (1997, shf. 14) cewa ta yi, “kwatantawa
dabaru ne na gwada/kwatanta nau’o’in darajoji guda biyu ko fiye inda za a yi ƙoƙarin gwama
ma’ana ta fuskar daidaitawa ko bambantawa”.
Ta la’akari da waɗannan ma’anoni da aka kawo, za a iya cewa kwatantawa dabara ce da mawaƙa suke
amfani da ita su auna abubuwa biyu mabambanta domin a fito da kamanci ko
bambancin da ke tsakaninsu.
Daga cikin nau’o’in adon harshe na kwatantawa akwai kamantawa da
siffantawa da kuma jinsintarwa.
5.0 Waƙoƙin Baka na Sitidiyo
Gusau (2014; shf. 13) ya bayyana cewa “Waƙoƙin baka na sitidiyo su ne waƙoƙin baka na zamani kuma waƙoƙi ne waɗanda ake rera su a sitidiyo. Daga nan ne za a iya sadar da
su ta bin ƙaramar murya daga kwamfuta. Ana ajiye waƙoƙin baka na zamani kai tsaye ta naɗarsu a CD-CD ko a album-album”.
Ana ɗora wa waɗannan waƙoƙi kiɗa ne daga kayan kiɗa na baƙi waɗanda aka tanada a ɗaki na musamman da ake kira sitidiyo. Daga cikin kayan kiɗan baƙi da ake harhaɗawa a sitidiyo akwai fiyano da jita da ganguna na Turawa da bigala da
tsintsiya da sauransu (Gusau 2014, sh; 13-14).
Daga cikin makaɗan sitidiyo akwai Aminu Ladan Abubakar (Alan Waƙa), da Adamu A. Zango (Prince
Zango), da Fati Nijar, da Maryam Sale Fantimoti, da Mahmud Isma’il Ibrahim
Nagudu, da Ma’aruf Shatan Manzo, da Murja A. Baba, da Nazifi Asnanic, da Rabi
Mustafa Isa, da Misbahu Muhammad Ahmad, da Shehu Sani Ɗanmaraya Wudil, da Sadiƙ Zazzaɓi, da Bello Ibrahim Billy-o, da sauransu (Gusau 2016; sh.
231).
Dabarun
Kwatantawa a Waƙoƙin Sarauta na Haruna Aliyu Ningi
Haruna
Aliyu Ningi ya yi amfani da dabarar adon harshe ta kwatantawa a wasu waƙoƙinsa
na sarauta domin ƙawata waƙoƙin
da samar da armashi ga masu sauraro.Daga
cikin nau’o’in adon harshe na kwatantawa da aka yi misalai da su a wannan
nazari akwai kamantawa da siffantawa da kuma jinsintarwa.
Kamantawa
Kamantawa salo ne da mawaƙa suke amfani da shi wajen kwatanta abubuwa biyu ko
fiye mabambanta, su nuna daidaituwarsu ko fifikon dake tsakaninsu. Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da ire-iren waɗannan salo na kamantawa da aka yi bayani a cikin waƙoƙinsa na sarauta. Domin haka ga misalai nan don a tabbatar da
haka cikin sassa uku masu zuwa.
Kamantawa ta Daidaito
Wannan salo ne da mawaƙa ke amfani da shi wajen kwatanta abubuwa guda biyu
masu darajoji ko halayya daban-daban su ce daidai suke,
ko da kuwa a zahiri abin ba haka yake ba. Sukan yi amfani da kalmomin nuna
daidaito waɗanda suka haɗa da: kamar,
daidai da, tamkar, ya, sai ka ce, iwa da sauransu.
Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da irin wannan salo na
kammantawar daidaito domin ƙarin daraja da armashi a waƙoƙinsa na sarauta yayin isar da saƙo ga masu sauraro kamar haka:
Jagora: Fada gidana ce,
:Kamar
farin wata take sha kallo,
‘Y/Amshi:
Iye iye,
Jagora: Ba
maganar ɓoye ta,
: Tai kamar
wurin da ake ƙwallo,
‘Y/Amshi:
Iye iye,
Jagora: Gidanmu
gidan sirru,
: Gidan da har da hanci ana gwalo,
‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,
Jagora: Gidan da
ake sulhu,
: Amma cikinsa bai rasa gaba ba,
‘Y/Amshi: Ka ja mu zuwa Zanna Katsina,
: Alhaji Lawan Musa,
: Mahassada ba za su iya ma ba.
(Waƙar
‘Zannan Katsina’ ɗa na 7)
A wannan ɗan waƙa ta Zannan[1]
Katsina da aka kawo a sama, Haruna Ningi ya yi kamantawar daidaito, a inda ya yi amfani da kalmar ‘kamar’ ya kwatanta ‘fada’ da ‘farin wata’. Fada a nan na nufin inda sarki yake zama ana
kawo masa gaisuwa. Farin wata kuwa halitta ce mai fitowa da dare, mai haske da
ke sama wanda yake haska duniya. Haka kuma abin kallo ne da ban sha’awa ga
al’umma. A saboda haka ne ma Hausawa kan ce: “Farin wata sha kallo”. A nan mawaƙin ya yi amfani da dabarar ne wajen
bayyana wa masu sauraro cewa fada abar sha’awa ce ga mai kallonta, shi ya sa ya
kwatanta ta da farin wata.
Haka kuma a dai cikin misali na farkon, ya sake yin amfani
da kalmar ‘kamar’ ya kwatanta‘fada’
da ‘filin ƙwallo’. Filin ƙwallo fili ne na musamman da aka tanade shi don buga wasan ƙwallo wanda mutane ke taruwa su kalli
wasan. A wannan zamani da muke ciki ba wani wurin kallon wasa da yake tara
jama’a kamar filin ƙwallo. A nan mawaƙin yana sanar da masu sauraro irin yadda fada take da wasu
keɓantattun siffofi waɗanda suka bambamta da sauran wurare haka filin kwallo yake
da wannan siffofi na musamman.
Haka kuma a waƙar Sarkin Dambam, Haruna Ningi ya sake yin amfani da wannan
dabara ta kamantawar daidaito. Ga misali daga ɗan waƙar:
Jagora: In dai ka ji dindifa to tauri
ake,
: In kuma ka ji tambura Sarki ya zaka,
‘Y/Amshi: Mai Damban Allah sa ka gama
lafiya,
Jagora: Ga mai shimfiɗa da
darduma ‘yar Masar,
: Ga miski irin nasu mai santsi jika,
‘Y/Amshi: Mai Damban Allah sa ka gama
lafiya,
Jagora: Ga rawani irin na yadi ɗan
Turkiya,
: Takalmansa ban faɗi sai in
ya saka,
‘Y/Amshi: Mai Damban Allah sa ka gama
lafiya,
Jagora: Ihm! Alkyabbarsa mai abin ƙyalli
ya saka,
: In ka gan shi sai ka ceSarkin Siriya,
‘Y/Amshi: Taka lafiya hazo rumfasr
duniya,
: Idris Musa ɗan
Sulaiman an bar maka,
: Mai Damban Allah sa ka gama lafiya.
(Waƙar
‘Sarkin Dambam’ ɗa na 4)
A wannan ɗan waƙa, Ningi ya yi amfani da mahaɗin ‘sai ka ce’ya
kwatanta Sarkin Dambam[2]
da Sarkin Siriya, a inda ya nuna shigarsa da muhibbarsa ta sarauta iri ɗaya ce da ta Sarkin Siriya.Duk ya yi haka ne don ya fito
da daraja da ƙimarsa ga masu sauraro.
6.1.2 Kamantawa ta Fifiko
Wannna salo ne a inda ake kwatanta
abubuwa guda biyu a fito da fifikon da ke tsakaninsu. Ana yin amfani da wannan
salon ne domin a ɗaga darajar abin da ake yabo a ɗaya ɓangaen kuma a ƙasƙantar da
darajar ɗaya abin, ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin da suke fito
da fifiko a fili kamar: ya zarce, ya fi, ya sha daban, ya wuce, ya shanye, ya
san bada sauransu.
Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da wannan salo na kamantawar
fifiko domin ƙarin
armashi a waƙoƙinsa na sarauta, kamar haka:
Jagora: Yau ga
ni da waƙa
Ningi,
: Ita ma da kiɗa mai sauƙi,
‘Y/Amshi:
Sarkin Yaƙin
Sardauna.
Jagora: Ta ba
da salo mai daɗi,
: Da ya zarce Bafaden Sarki,
‘Y/Amshi:
Ajiyan Difuti mai girma.
Jagora: Ba a
ba shi Bafaden ma ba,
: Ibrahim Abu
Sadauki,
‘Y/Amshi:
Sarkin Yaƙin
Sardauna.
Jagora: Yaro
da halayen girma,
: Mun sami siga mai
zaƙi,
‘Y/Amshi:
Ajiyan Difuti mai girma.
Jagora: Da
fura da kununmu da koko,
: Mun zo mu saka shi
a kwaki,
‘Y/Amshi:
Ibrahim Abu Sadauki.
Jagora: A
gidanmu zuma ke dambe,
: Amma ban da gidan alfarma,
‘Y/Amshi:
Ibrahim Abu Sadauki,
: Sarkin yaƙin kawuna,
: Ka daɗe Ajiyan Sardauna,
: Mai Difuti Gwamna
mai girma.
(Waƙar ‘Ajiyan Sardaunan Jama’are’ ɗa na 2)
Ta lura da abin da aka nazarta a wannan ɗan waƙa da aka kawo a sama, makaɗin ya yi amfani da salon kamantawa ta fifiko a inda yake nuna
cewa waƙar da ya yi wa Sarkin Yaƙin Sardauna Ibrahim Abu Sadauki ta zarce darajar bafaden Sarki. Bafade shi ne mutumin da rayuwarsa ta dogara a
fada, yake yi wa Sarki hidima. Saboda hakaya yi amfani da wannan dabara ne don ya nuna
muhimmancin waƙar da
yake yi wa Ajiyan[3]
Sardauna Jama’are.
Haruna Ningi a waƙar da ya yi wa Dattuwa Mangan Wunti, ya yi amfani da wannan
salo domin fito da saƙon waƙar tasa cikin hikima kamar haka:
Jagora: Dauri
na cikin gida,
: Dattuwa Manga sha yabo,
‘Y/Amshi: Garba
Aliyu Maigamo,
Jagora: Ba baƙi babu hassada,
: Dole in bi ka mai rabo,
‘Y/Amshi:
Dattuwa Manga ja gaba,
Jagora: Ai da
ganinka kokara,
:Ka fiicen karankaɓau,
‘Y/Amshi: Garba
Aliyu Maigamo,
Jagora: Yashi
ka yi kyan gani,
: Ban da su duna mai ta taɓo,
‘Y/Amshi:
Dattuwa Manga ja gaba,
Jagora: Waƙa ba dabo ba ce,
: In ka iya ta silliɓo,
‘Y/Amshi: Baba
uban marar uba,
Jagora: Ga ni
nan gidan ubana,
: Ba ka so ma naka ba,
‘Y/Amshi: Garba
Aliyu Maigamo,
: Dattuwa Manga ja
gaba,
: Baba uban marar
uba.
(Waƙar ‘Dattuwa Mangan Wunti ta III’ ɗa na 17)
A wannan ɗan waƙa da ya gabata, makaɗin ya yi amfani da dabarar kamantawa
ta fifiko a inda ya nuna cewa icen kokara ya fi na karankaɓau.Kokara wata doguwar sandace wadda kanta ya fi gindin kauri, ana yi mata adon fata a kuma shafa mata mai. Karankaɓau kuwa
wata irin ciyawa ce siririya mai kama da gamba, ana amfani da ita wajen yin
rumbu da zana. A nan ya nuna fifiko ne a tsakanin Dattuwa Mangan Wunti da wani
wanda bai ambaci sunansa ba, a inda ya kira Dattuwa Manga da kokara shi kuma
wancan da icen karankaɓau.
Siffantawa
Siffantawa salo ne na kwatantawa
da mawaƙa suke amfani da shi wajen ba wa
wani abu sifar wani abu daban kai tsaye.
Haruna Ningi yana amfani da wannan salona siffantawa domin yin kwalliya da jan hankalin masu sauraro a cikin waƙoƙinsa na sarauta, kamar yadda za a gani a waɗannan misalai:
Jagora: Sallama birnin Zazzau,
: Kun yi baƙon mai waƙa,
: Sai ku buɗe kunenku,
: Gangunana na ɗauka,
: Ga bayanin ɗan Musa,
: Baba turmisha
duka,
: Mai dubu ya yalwanta,
: Mai ɗari mai
zai furta,
‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Gandun Zazzau,
Jagora: Sai Sama’ila ɗan Musa,
‘Y/Amshi: Baba sarkin dattaku,
: Gaskiya ta yi halinta.
(Waƙar
‘Sarkin Gandun Zazzau’ ɗa na 3)
Dangane da
wannan ɗan waƙa
da ya gabata, Haruna Ningi ya yi amfani da wannan salo na siffantawa, inda ya
siffanta Sarkin Gandun[4]
Zazzau da turmi. Turmi wani irin fafaffen itace ne wanda aka gyara don a dinga
daka hatsi ko wani abu a cikinsa, ta hanyar amfani da taɓarya. Makaɗin ya yi
wannan kwatance ne domin ya fito da juriyar Sarkin Gandun Zazzau a wurin masu
sauraro.
Har ila
yau, a wannan waƙa ta Sarkin Gandun
Zazzau ɗa na 5,
Haruna Ningi ya sake amfani da wannan dabara ta siffantawa kamar haka:
Jagora: Daga shi
sai Mahadi,
: Na zuriyar ɗan
Idirisa,
: Baba dashi
mutuwarka,
: Mai jira sai ya ƙosa,
: Ya ɗara ba mai kai shi,
: Kun ji sabon takensa,
: Shehu amma Ɗanfodiyo,
: Na yau
in ka amsa,
: Ka yi dai dai maganarmu,
: Baba kowa ya santa,
‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Gandun Zazzau,
Jagora: Sai Sama’ila ɗan Musa,
‘Y/Amshi: Baba sarkin dattaku,
: Gaskiya ta yi halinta.
(Waƙar “Sarkin
Gandun Zazzau’ ɗa na 5)
A wannan
misali na ɗan waƙar
da aka kawo, Haruna Ningi ya siffanta Sarkin Zazzau da itacen dashi ta fuskar nisan kwana. Tsiron daashi wani bishiya ce mai ƙaya-ƙaya
wanda ake yin tozali da shi. Tsiro ne da yake daɗewa a
duniya bai mutu ba.Don haka ya yi amfani da wannan salo ne don sanar da masu
jiran sarautar Sarkin Zazzau cewa ba zai mutu da wuri ba, masu jiran mutuwarsa
sai sun ƙosa da jira, domin shi dashi ne mai nisan
kwana.
Jinsintarwa
Wannan salo ne da mawaƙa kan ɗauki
jinsin halittu biyu da suka bambanta da juna, su kwatanata su ta hanyar ɗaukar wata ɗabi’a
ko halayya ta wani jinsin su danganta da wani.
Jinsintarwa ta kasu kamar haka: Mutumtarwa da dabbantarwa da
abuntarwa da kuma alamtarwa.
Mutuntarwa
Wannan salo ne da mawaƙa ke amfani da shi a inda suke ɗaukar wani abu da ba mutum ba su ba shi wata halayya
ko siffa ko wata daraja wacce mutum ne kawai ya keɓanta da ita.
Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da irin wannan salo na
mutuntarwa a waƙoƙinsa na sarauta domin ƙara masu armashi tare da nuna gwanintar harshe wajen jan
hankalin masu sauraro. Ga misalan ɗiyan waƙoƙinsa na sarauta da ya yi amfani da dabarar mutuntarwa a
cikinsu.
Jagora: Sai Mayanan Zazzau,
: Haruna na zo neman ka,
: Don Magajin Zazzau,
: Yake faɗa min
halinka
: Amadu ɗan Nuhu,
: Yanzu
duniya ta yafe ka,
: Gaskiya in da ka gan ta,
: Na ji sai ka kunto ta,
‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Gandun Zazzau,
Jagora: Sai Sama’ila ɗan Musa,
‘Y/Amshi: Baba sarkin dattaku,
: Gaskiya ta yi halinta.
(Waƙar ‘Sarkin
Gandun Zazzau’ ɗa na 24)
Idan aka
yi la’akari da wannan ɗa da aka kawo a misali, za a ga cewa
Ningi ya mutuntar da duniya ya ba ta halayyar ɗan’adam ta
yafiya. Duniya wuri ne da ɗan’adam da sauran halittu ke
rayuwa.Yafiya kuwa ita ce yin haƙuri a
yayin da wani ya yi maka ba daidai ba. Yafiya halayya ce da ta keɓanta ga ɗan’adam,
amma sai makaɗin ya alaƙanta
ta da duniya. A nan ya yi amfani da wannan dabar ta mutuntarwa ne domin ya
bayyana wa masu sauraro irin yadda al’ummar da suke wannan yanki suka yarda da
cewa Ahmad Nuhu mutum ne da suka yarda da gaskiyarsa da riƙon
amanarsa, ma’ana duk in da gaskiya take yana wurin.
Haka kuma Haruna ya yi amfani da wannan dabarar ta
mutuntarwa a waƙar naɗin Sarkin Wamba kamar haka:
Jagora: Ranar naɗinka zan sha kallo,
‘Y/Amshi: Mai mutane,
Jagora: Makaɗa zuwa mawaƙan molo,
‘Y/Amshi: Mai mutane,
Jagora: Daga waye har zuwa ɗan dolo,
‘Y/Amshi: Mai mutane,
Jagora: Sai kwarkwatar ido ta tuba,
: Saboda Baba
‘Y/Amshi: Mai martaba Lawal ɗan Musa,
Jagora: Ɗan Nagwaggo,
‘Y/Amshi: Allah tsare ka Sarkin Wamba,
: Sannu Baba.
(Waƙar
‘Naɗin Sarkin
Wamba’ ɗa na3)
Idan aka
duba za a fahimci cewa a wannan ɗan waƙa na
misali na 18 da aka kawo a sama, Haruna Ningi ya mutuntar da kwarkwata a inda
ya ɗauki
halayyar mutum ya ba ta, wato ya ɗauki halayyar ɗan’adam ta
‘tuba’ ya danganta ta da kwarkwata.
Kwarkwata wata ‘yar ƙwaruwa ce ƙanƙanuwa
mai cizo da ke maƙalewa a gashin kai ko
tufafi, wanda galibi ƙazanta ke
kawo ta. A nan makaɗin ya yi amfani da wannan dabarar mutuntarwa
ne don ya nuna yadda za a sha kallo a more ranar naɗin Sarkin
Wamba[5].
Dabbantarwa
Wannan salo ne da ake amfani da shi a mayar
da mutum ko wani abu dabba. A irin wannan salo akan ɗauki wata ɗabi’a ko
suna na wata dabba a ba wa mutum ko wani abu da ba dabba ba don bayyana wata
manufa.
Haruna
Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da wannan salo na dabbantarwa a cikin waƙoƙinsa
na sarauta. Ga misali daga waƙar Sarkin
Gandun Zazzau:
Jagora: Sannu dokina Amina,
: Gobara sai dai ihu,
: Goro duk mai jaurarka,
: Baba sai ya san huhu,
: Sannu angon Rahama,
: Cikin mutum ba ya sulhu,
: Sai buƙatar da ya
sa gabansa,
: Ya kai bangonta,
‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Gandun Zazzau,
Jagora: Sai
Sama’ila ɗan Musa,
‘Y/Amshi: Baba sarkin dattaku,
: Gaskiya ta yi halinta.
(Waƙar ‘Sarkin
Gandun Zazzau’ ɗa na 12)
A wannan ɗan waƙa
da aka kawo, Haruna Ningi ya yi amfani da dabarar dabbantarwa a inda ya
siffanta Sarkin Gandun Zazzau da ‘doki’
domin fito da ƙimarsa da ƙarfinsa ga
masu sauraro. Doki dabbar gida ne mai kama da jaki da alfadari sai dai ya ɗan fi su
girma. Haka kuma dabba ne da take fito da ƙima da
darajar wanda ya mallake shi, ana amfani da shi wajen hawa don yi kilisa ko yaƙi.
Makaɗin ya yi
amfani da dabarar ne don ya nuna ƙarfi da
jarumtar Sarkin Gandun Zazzau.
Abuntarwa
Abuntarwa salo ne da makaɗa suke amfani
da shi su kwatanta wani abu mai rai da wani abin marar rai.
Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da irin wannan salona abuntarwa a waƙoƙinsa na sarauta waɗanda suka daɗa fayyace ƙwarewarsa wajen adonta harshekamar haka:
Jagora: Tashi Lawanhadiri,
: Ɗan Hadiza
mai tafiyar jirgi,
‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,
Jagora: Ɗan
Musa Bindawa,
: Bindigace
ba a yi mar wargi,
‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,
Jagora: Bayan
Sarki ya naɗa ka,
: Baba za mu wuce Ningi,
‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,
Jagora: To mu je
a yi mai tittle ,
: A can Haru ba za na yi ƙyashi
ba,
‘Y/Amshi: Ka ja mu zuwa Zanna Katsina,
: Alhaji Lawan Musa,
: Mahassada ba za su iya ma ba.
(Waƙar ‘Zannan
Katsina’ ɗa na 11).
Dangane da
nazarin da aka yi na wannan ɗan waƙa, an gano
cewa Haruna Ningi ya abuntar da Zannan Katsina Alhaji Lawan Musa, a inda ya
kwatanta shi da abubuwa marasa rai, wato hadiri
da bindiga. Hadiri shi ne haɗaɗɗen girgije
wanda ke da alamar sauko da ruwa. Bindiga wani irin makami ne da ake sa wa
harsashi don harbawa wajen yaƙi ko
farauta. Bindiga kuwa makami ce mai hatsari da kwarjini da ban tsoro, wanda ko ƙararta
mutum ya ji sai hankalinsa ya tashi. A nan makaɗin ya yi
kwatancen ne don ya kambama Zanna, ya fito da daraja da ƙimarsa.
Har ila
yau ya sake yin amfani da wannan dabara ta abuntarwa a waƙar
Sarkin Gandun Zazzau, kamar haka:
Jagora: Masu ƙarya
sun ɓoye,
: Baba sun hango ɗanka,
: Ran da za ku yi artabu,
: Fargaba sai ta ninka,
: In kana nan ba ka nan,
: Baba sun san halinka,
: Mai ƙazamin ƙarfi,
: Na ɓoye ga birkin mota,
‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Gandun Zazzau,
Jagora: Sai
Sama’ila ɗan Musa,
‘Y/Amshi: Baba sarkin dattaku
: Gaskiya ta yi halinta.
(Waƙar
‘Sarkin Gandun Zazzau’ ɗa na 29).
A wannan ɗan waƙa,
Haruna Ningi ya abuntar da Sarkin Gandun Zazzau, ya kwatanta shi da abu marar
rai wato ‘birkin mota’ don ya fito da
muhimmancinsa kamar yadda burkin mota yake da muhimmanci a mota da kuma direba.
Birkin mota wani masarrafi ne da ake amfani da shi don tsayar da mota. A nan
makaɗin ya kwatanta
Sarkin Gandun Zazzau da birkin mota ne don fito da amfaninsa ga al’umma.
6.1.4.4 Alamtarwa
Alamtarwa salo ne da ake amfani da
shi ta hanyar bayyana wata kalma ta tsaya a maimakon wata, wato ta wakilci wata
keɓantacciyar manufa.
Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da irin wannan salon a cikin wasu waƙoƙinsa na sarauta kamar haka:
Jagora: Ka ja mu mu je fadar mai martaba,
: In karya
ƙafafuna,
‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,
Jagora: Sarki ɗan Sarki
in je,
: In sunkuyar da idanuna,
‘Y/Amshi:Iye iye,
Jagora: Ba za na
kira sunnan mai martaba ba,
: Ya zama babana,
‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,
Jagora: Ba zan yi
rashin ɗa’a,
: A gun uban da zai mini sauka ba,
‘Y/Amshi: Ka ja mu zuwa Zanna Katsina,
: Alhaji Lawan Musa,
:Mahassada ba za su iya ma ba.
(Waƙar
‘Zannan Katsina’ ɗa na 22)
A wannan ɗan waƙa
da aka kawo, Ningi ya yi amfani da dabarar alamtarwa a inda ya yi
amfani da kalmar ‘karya ƙafafu’ ta tsaya a madadin ‘gaisuwa’.Karya ƙafafu na nufin zama ta hanyar laƙwasa ƙafafuwa don gaishe da Sarki.
Har ila yau, Haruna Ningi ya sake
fito da hikima da dabararsa ta alamtarwa a waƙar Sarkin
Wamba. Ga abin da yake cewa:
Jagora: Wani an yi mar naɗi yai
girma,
‘Y/Amshi: Mai mutane,
Jagora: Ya kasa yin bikin sai gulma,
‘Y/Amshi: Mai mutane,
Jagora: In ban da masu
hangen kurma,
‘Y/Amshi: Mai mutane,
Jagora: Ya kogi ya rinƙa kyashin
gulbi,
: To bar shi baba,
‘Y/Amshi: Mai martaba Lawal Ɗan
Musa,
Jagora: Ɗan
Nagwaggo,
‘Y/Amshi: Allah tsare ka Sarkin Wamba,
: Sannu Baba.
(Waƙar
‘Murnar Naɗin Sarkin
Wamba’ ɗa na 5)
Dangane da misalin da aka kawo, makaɗin ya yi amfani da dabarar alamtarwa a inda ya kwatanta ’naɗi’ a matsayin alama da ke nufin ‘Sarauta’. Naɗi
na nufin zagaya rawani a ka. Sarauta kuwa na nufin shugabanci musamman irin na
gargajiya.
Kammalawa
Kamar
yadda bayanai suka gabata a wannan takarda, an yi nazari ne dangane da yadda
Haruna Ningi yake sarrafa hikimarsa ta amfani da dabarar adon harshen a
kwatantawa waɗanda suka
haɗa da
kamantawa da siffantawa da kuma jinsintarwa a wasu waƙoƙinsa
na sarauta.
Nazarin ya fito da misalai na waɗannan
dabaru tare da yin sharhi a kansu. Haka kuma nazarin ya gano cewa ya kware
wajen iya tsarma waɗannan dabaru a cikin waƙoƙinsa
don yin kwalliya tare da jawo hankalin mai sauraro. Don haka a nan za mu ba wa ɗalibai da
mawaƙa masu tasowa shawara kamar haka:
i. Ɗalibai su mai da hankali wajen nazarin
dabarun adonta harshen a waƙoƙin
makaɗa masu
tasowa. Wannan zai sa su makaɗan su yi azama wajen ƙoƙarin
fahimtar yadda za su dinga amfani da wannan dabara a cikin waƙoƙinsu.
ii. Su kuma
makaɗa masu
tasowa su yi la’akari da makaɗan da suka gabata da yadda suke shirya
waƙoƙinsu ta
hanyar yin amfani da dabarun da za su ƙara wa waƙoƙin
nasu armashi a yayin sauraro.
Daga ƙarshe za a
ga cewa amfani da waɗannan dabaru na adonta harshe na ƙara
wa waƙa armashi da riƙe mai
sauraro da kuma yi wa waƙa
kwalliya.
Manazarta
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[1]Sarautar Zanna, sarauta
ce da Hausawa suka aro ta daga masarutar Borno. Sarauta ce da take da matsayi ɗaya
da sarautar hakimi. A da ana ba wa mutum wannan sarauta ne a sakamakon wani
abin bajinta da ya yi a masarautar da yake.
[2]Damban ƙaramar hukuma ce da ke ƙarƙashin masarautar Bauchi wacce take da faɗin ƙasa kilomita dubu ɗaya da saba’in da bakwai (1,077km) da kuma yawan al’umma kimanin dubu ɗari da hamsin da ɗari tara da ishirin da biyu (150,922) dangane da ƙididdigar humar ƙidaya ta shekarar 2006.
[3]Sarautar Ajiya, sarauta ce ta ajiye muhimman kayan Sarki. Sarauta ce da sai yardajjen Sarki ake naɗawa. Haka kuma sarauta ce da Hausawa suka aro ta daga Borno.
[4]Sarautar Sarkin Gandu, sarauta ce ta kula da gandun (babar gonar) Sarki a Masarutar Zazzau.
[5]Wamba ƙaramar hukuma ce
da ke ƙarƙashin masarautar jahar Nassarawa wacce take da faɗin ƙasa kilomita
dubu ɗaya da ɗari ɗaya da hamsin da shida (1, 156km) da kuma yawan al’umma
kimanin dubu saba’in da biyu da ɗari takwas da huɗu (72,894) dangane da ƙididdigar
hukumar ƙidaya ta shekarar 2006.
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