Hukuncin Wanda Ya Kashe Arne Bisa Kuskure

𝐓𝐀𝐌𝐁𝐀𝐘𝐀❓

Assalamu alaikum. Malam wanda ya bige mutum yamutu amma wanda aka bige arne ne. Shin akwai azumi 60 akan shi?

𝐀𝐌𝐒𝐀❗️

Wa'alaikumus Salam warahmatullahi Wabarkatuh

Idan wanda ka Kashe kafiri ne Wanda shari'ah ta ba shi kariya, to anan za ka yi kaffara kuma za ka biya diyyah ga iyalansa ko yan'uwansa. Dalili kuwa shi ne faɗin Allah maɗaukakin sarki:

...ﻭَﺇِﻥْ ﻛَﺎﻥَ ﻣِﻦْ ﻗَﻮْﻡٍ ﺑَﻴْﻨَﻜُﻢْ ﻭَﺑَﻴْﻨَﻬُﻢْ ﻣِﻴﺜَﺎﻕٌ ﻓَﺪِﻳَﺔٌ ﻣُﺴَﻠَّﻤَﺔٌ ﺇِﻟَﻰ ﺃَﻫْﻠِﻪِ ﻭَﺗَﺤْﺮِﻳﺮُ ﺭَﻗَﺒَﺔٍ ﻣُﺆْﻣِﻨَﺔٍ ﻓَﻤَﻦْ ﻟَﻢْ ﻳَﺠِﺪْ ﻓَﺼِﻴَﺎﻡُ ﺷَﻬْﺮَﻳْﻦِ ﻣُﺘَﺘَﺎﺑِﻌَﻴْﻦِ ﺗَﻮْﺑَﺔً ﻣِﻦَ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻪِ ﻭَﻛَﺎﻥَ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻪُ ﻋَﻠِﻴﻤﺎً ﺣَﻜِﻴﻤﺎً.

...Kuma idan ya kasance ɗaya wasu mutãne ne (wadanda) a tsakaninku da tsakaninsu akwai alkawari, sai (Ku bada) diyyah abar miqawa ga mutanensa, da yantawar baiwa mumina, to Wanda bai sami (baiwar ba) sai (yayi) azumin watanni biyu jere, domin tuba daga Allah. Kuma Allah ya kasance Masani, Mai hikima. (Sūratun Nisaa'i, Ayah 92).

Mafiya yawan malamai sun tafi akan ra'ayin cewa yin kaffarah ya zama dole ga Wanda ya Kashe kafiri wanda shari'ah ta bawa kariya.

Kafirai wadanda shari'ah ta bawa kariya sun kasu kashi uku (3):

1. AL-DHIMMI: Shi ne wanda aka yi alkawarin ba shi kariya Wanda yake Zaune a kasar musulmai ko garin musulmai.

2. Al-MU’AAHAD: shi ne Wanda aka yi yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da mutanensa.

3. AL-MUSTA’MAN: wannan shi ne wanda ya shigo kasa ko garin musulmai kuma an tabbatar da tsaron lafiyarsa, kamar wadanda suke shigowa yin kasuwanci ko ziyarar yan'uwansu. Da sauransu.

Duk Wanda ya Kashe kafiri Wanda shari'ah ta bawa kariya, dole zai yi abu biyu (2):

1. DIYYAH: Zai biya diyyah ga iyalan wanda aka kashe. Zai bayar ne idan su iyalan mamacin ba Muhaaribeen bane (wato masu yaki da musulmai). Idan iyalansa Muhaaribeen ne, to ba su cancanta a ba su diyyah ba, saboda jininsu da dukiyarsu ba haram bane.

(Tafseer al-Sa’di, shafi na 277).

2. KAFFARAH: Wannan shi ne ra'ayin mafiya yawan malamai.

Ibn Qudaamah ya ce acikin Al-Mughni, 12/224)

Wajibi ne yin kaffara ga kisan kafiri wanda shari'ah take kariya, sawa'un ko yaya ya kasance dhimmi ko musta’man. Wannan shi ne ra'ayin mafiya yawan malamai.

Hassan da Maalik sunce baza ayi kaffara ba. Saboda Allah ya ce:

ﻭَﻣَﻦْ ﻗَﺘَﻞَ ﻣُﺆْﻣِﻨًﺎ ﺧَﻄَﺄً ﻓَﺘَﺤْﺮِﻳﺮُ ﺭَﻗَﺒَﺔٍ ﻣُﺆْﻣِﻨَﺔ....

Wanda ya kashe mumini a bisa kuskure, sai ya 'yanta baiwa Mumina.... (suratun Nisaa'i ayah 92)

Anan su fahimtarsu shi ne baza'ayi kaffara ba idan Wanda aka kashe ba Mumini (Ko Musulmi) bane. Wannan shi ne fahimtar Al-Hasan da Maalik.

Amma kar mu manta Allah ya ce:

...ﻭَﺇِﻥْ ﻛَﺎﻥَ ﻣِﻦْ ﻗَﻮْﻡٍ ﺑَﻴْﻨَﻜُﻢْ ﻭَﺑَﻴْﻨَﻬُﻢْ ﻣِﻴﺜَﺎﻕٌ ﻓَﺪِﻳَﺔٌ ﻣُﺴَﻠَّﻤَﺔٌ ﺇﻟَﻰ ﺃَﻫْﻠِﻪِ ﻭَﺗَﺤْﺮِﻳﺮُ ﺭَﻗَﺒَﺔٍ ﻣُﺆْﻣِﻨَﺔ.

...Kuma idan ya kasance ɗaya wasu mutãne ne (wadanda) a tsakaninku da tsakaninsu akwai alkawari, sai (Ku bada) diyyah abar miqawa ga mutanensa, da yantawar baiwa mumina...

Anan Dhimmi ya shigo cikin jerin wadanda aka ambata a wannan ayar. Kuma wannan shi ne abin da za a iya fahimta daga wannan ayar.

Kuma saboda shi mutum ne Wanda aka Kashe bisa kuskure, wajibi ne ayi kaffara, kamar yadda ake yin kaffara idan an kashe musulmi.

Wannan shi ne ra'ayin da wasu malaman Tafsiri suka zaba, kamar Al-Tabari (9/43), Al-Qurtubi (5/325), Ibn Katheer (2/376).

WALLAHU A'ALAM

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ﺳُﺒﺤَﺎﻧَﻚَ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻬُﻢَّ ﻭَﺑِﺤَﻤْﺪِﻙَ ﺃﺷْﻬَﺪُ ﺃﻥ ﻟَﺎ ﺇِﻟَﻪَ ﺇِﻻَّ ﺃﻧْﺖَ ﺃﺳْﺘَﻐْﻔِﺮُﻙَ ﻭﺃَﺗُﻮﺏُ ﺇِﻟَﻴْﻚ

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