Maudu'i: “Rayuwar Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo A ʼKasar Hausa Kafin Lokacin Jihadi”
Cikakken sunan sa na yanka Usman dan Muhammadu Foduye, wato ma'anar kalmar Foduye yare ne na fulatanci tana nufin “Malami/Masa'ni” sunan mahaifiyarsa Hauwa'u, an haife shi a garin Maratta a can cikin kasar Gobir wadda ke cikin arewacin Najeriya a yau. An haife shi a ranar 15 - ga watan 12 - a shekarar 1754 C.E. Asalin kakanin sa mutanen garin Toro ne wadda ke can cikin kasar Senegal a yau, wanda daga bisani sunka dawo da zama maratta, inda anan maratta ne anka haifi Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo, wannnan shine dalilin da yassa mutanen kasar Hausa ke kirin zuri'ar Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo da sauran fulanin da sunka fito a wannan garin na Toro da suna Torankawa.
Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo ya fara koyon karatu da rubutu a hannun Mahaifinsa Malam Muhammadu Foduye kafin daga bisani ya fita neman ilimi a wurare daban daban, daga cikin manyan malaman Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo akwai Shiek Jibril bin Umar wanda yake a garin Agadez ta kasar Niger a yanzu haka da kuma Malam Usman biddiri Sheik Muhammadu Raji da sauran su. Bayan yaci gaba da neman Ilimi har daga bisani ya fara koyar da jama'a karatu a nan kasar Hausa inda yake zuwa gari gari bai zauna a wuri daya ba.
Sai dai duk da ya Kasancewar sa malamin addini Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo ya sha Kalubale da yawa a hannun sarakunan Hausawa na wancan lokacin sabida Shehu yace akwai gyara a cikin yadda suke gudanar da Addinin su don suna ha“da addinin musulumci da addinin gargajiya a wuri daya wanda hakan ya sa“ba ma shari'ar musulumci. Wannan shine dalilin da yassa Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo da jama'ar sunka sha tsana a hannun sarakunan kasar hausa.
A wancan zamanin, Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo ya tarar da cewa mafi yawan Shugabannin su ko dai kafirai ko kuma fasikai. Sannan bidi'o'i sun yawaita a gari, har ma an jirkita addini daga yadda yake. Sannu a hankali mutane suka soma kar6ar kiran Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo, har ya zamo wasu na binsa gari-gari don yin wa'azi, amma ko ka“dan baya zuwa ga sarakuna don neman wata bukata. Sa'ar da Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo ya soma zuwa ga wani sarki shine lokacin daya lura mutane sunyi yawa gareshi, kuma ya samu shahara, don haka yaje ga sarkin Gobir Bawa Jan Gwarzo a fadarsa dake Alkalawa yayi masa wa'azi, ya kirashi izuwa ga addinin musulunci na hakika tare da tsayar da adalci a mulkinsa, sannan ya koma masaukinsa.
Haka kuma ance a wannan lokacin ne Shehu Usmanu ya tafi zamfara yana wa'azi, har sai daya shafe shekaru biyar acan wajen fa“dakarwa.
A lokacin Sarkin Gobir Bawa Jangwarzo wannan wa’azin na Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo ya yi tasiri gare shi don haka ya yi “yan gyare-gyare a fadarsa, ya rage haraji ya kuma umarci maza Musulmi da suci gaba da yin rawani, mata kuma su rinkayin lulli6i, kana Shehu ya zama Malamin “yayansa. Irin wannan sassauci da Bawa Jangwarzo ya yi, Fadawa ba su ji daʼdin sa ba, domin an toshe musu wa“dansu hanyoyi na samu. Ran “yan-bori ya 6aci ganin an kara wa Musulunci daraja.
Sarkin Gobir Bawa Jangwarzo ya rasu a wuraren shekarar 1796, sai sarkin Gobir Nafata ya gaje shi, da hawansa sai Fadawa da “yan-bori suka kara zuga shi, don haka sai sarki Nafata ya soke sassaucin da Bawa ya yi, ya kara haraji aka kuma cigaba da zalunci. Nafata ya ba da umarnin duk wanda bai gaji Musulunci ba “wato wanda ba'a haifa a musulumci ba” karda ya shiga wanda ya shiga kuma ya fita. Nafata bai da“de ba ya rasu a shekarar 1802. Bayan ya mutu, sai “dan Bawa Jangwarzo wato sarki Yumfa kenan ya gaje shi. An zaci za a samu kyakkyawan sassauci a wurin Sarkin Gobir Yumfa duba da cewa shi ʼdalibin Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo ne, to amma sai abun ma ya kara tsamari, zugar Fadawa da “yan-bori ta kara karfi. Ya hana mata lullu6i ya hana maza kuma sanya rawani, sannan ya takurawa duk wanda aka ji yana goyon bayan Shehu Usman Danfodiyo.
Daga nan fa Sarki Yumfa na Gobir, ya shiga kulla miyagun dabaru ga shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo, burinsa kurum ya halaka shi. Rannan, sai ya kira Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo zuwa fadarsa dake Alkalawa, alhali ya gina rijiya ya kafa masu acikinta, yasa an rufe samanta da tabarma. Shehu Usmanu ya taho tare da Kaninsa Abdullahi Danfodiyo, da abokinsa Ummarun Alkammu. Abudullahi yayi nufin zama akan tabarmar da akace Shehu Usmanu akayiwa tanadi, amma sai Shehu ya hanashi, yaje ya zauna shi da kansa. Suka gama maganganunsu suka kare da sarki Yumfa, sannan suka koma gida ba tare da wani abu ya auku ba. To amma, sa'ar da shehu Usmanu yaga jama'a tayi yawa gareshi, ga kuma makircin sarakunan kasar Hausa na karuwa, sai ya umarci jama'arsa su fara yin tanajin makamai.
Yace musu “Tattalin makamai sunna ne” Sannan kuma sai ya shiga adduar neman nasara daga Allah. Shehu ya faʼda a wata wakarsa inda yake cewa:
“Allah ka gwada min rinjayar addininka ga garuruwan nan namu na sudan domin darajar Abdulkadiri”. wato ma'anar kalmar sudan a Hausance tana nufin “kasashen bakar fata”. Daman ai shi Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo da kanen sa Abdullahi Danfodiyo da Aminin sa Ummarun Alkammu da dansa Muhammadu Bello da mafiyawancin jama'ar sa duk mabiyan “Dariqar Kadiriyya” ne.
Lokacin da dakarun yakin sarkin Gobir Yumfa sunka dawo daga wani yaki inda sunkayo nasara sun biyo ta wani gari da ake kira Gimbana inda sunka nemi jama'ar Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo wato Almajiran Malam Abdulsalami da su fito matan su da mazan su don nuna goyon bayan su gare su wato ma'ana suyi masu mubaya'a, wanda Malam Abdulsalami yaʼki amincewa da fidda mata suyi hakan sabida hakan ya sa6a ma shari'ar musulunci, sai wadannan dakarun sunka farma wadannan jama'ar da yaki har sunka ruguje musu makaranta sunka watsar da qur'anai da littafai sunka kashe jama'a da yawa kuma sunka kama wasu a matsayin ganimar yaki, sai dai biyowar wadannan munaten ta ʼDegel inda nan ne hanyar su ta zuwa Alkalawa babban birnin masarautar Gobir sai jama'ar Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo dake ʼDegel sunka kwace “yan uwan su daga hannun dakarun Sarkin Gobir Yumfa, wanda hakan yasa wadannan dakarun sunka je Alkalawa sunka fadawa sarki Yumfa cewa jama'ar Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo dake ʼDegel sun kwace jama'a da ganimar yakin da sunka yi da mutanen da sunka kamo a garin Gimbana.
Wannan abin kuwa ya fusata Sarkin Gobir Yumfa kwarai da gaske, yace hakika da sun cimma abinda suka so, amma zasu gani. Sai kuma ya aikawa shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo cewar ya fita dashi da iyalinsa izuwa wani wurin daban wato ya bar garin ʼDegel ya bar jama'arsa anan. Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo kuwa yace sam ba zaiyi haka ba, sai dai duk abinda zai samu jama'arsa ya samesu baki daya. Shehu ya aika masa da cewa “Ni kam bani rabuwa da jama'a ta, amma ina iya rabuwa da garuruwanka, kasar Allah yawa gareta”. Daga nan sai Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo ya shiga shirin yin Hijira. Sarki Yumfa ya sake aiko masa da “dan aike yana rarrashinsa da kada ya tashi daga inda yake.
Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo yayi hijira shi da jama'ar sa sunka bar garin ʼDegel zuwa garin gudu a ranar 21, ga watan 2, a shekara ta 1804. Shehu Usmanu Danfodio yayi godiya ga Allah bisa ni'imar da yayi masa bayan ya sauka a garin Gudu. Haka kuma Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo yayi addu'a ga mutanensa cewa “Duk wanda ya fitad dani daga gidana, Allah ya fitar dashi daga nashi”. Mutane suka amsa da Amin. Akayi addua aka tashi. Daga nan sai Kaninsa Abdullahi Danfodiyo yazo gareshi yayi masa mubaya'a,sai kuma “dan sa Muhammad Bello shima yazo yayi masa mubaya'a sannan sai abokinsa Ummarun Alkammu, sai sauran jama'a kuma duka kowa yazo yayi masa mubaya'a. Inda anan ne fa jama'a sunka za6e shi ya zama “Amirul-muminina”.
Ana cikin wannan ne sai sarkin Gobir Yumfa ya umurce sarakunan “kasar sa da cewa suyi kokarin hana duk wanda zai bi Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo zuwa Gudu, a hakan ko sarakunan kasar Hausa da yawa sunkayi tsaye wurin ganin sun hana al'umma bin Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo zuwa a garin Gudu ta hanyar azabtar wa iri-iri. Daga karshe sarkin Gobir Yumfa ya umarce jama'ar sa da su sake iske Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo da jama'ar sa a garin Gudu su auka musu da yaki, wanda hakan ya zama dole ga jama'ar Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo da su kare kansu kamar yadda yazo a cikin Al-qur'ani da hadisai da yawa cewa ya halatta musulmi ya kare kansa a duk lokacin da abokin gaba ya auka masa.
A takaice dai wannnan shine rayuwar Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo a kasar Hausa kafin lokacin Jihadi.
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Mujitaba Mainasara Gwandu
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Jami'ar Usmanu Danfodiyo dake Sakkwato.
Rana:
Monday
11-Sept-2023
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