Takardar da aka gabatar domin taya Farfesa Muhammad Ahmad Sabon Birni samun kujerar Farfesa a fannin Paediatrics a Makarantar Ilmukan Kiyon Lafiya (College of Health Science), Jami’ar Usmanu danfodiyo, Sakkwato ranar Lahadi 29/1/2023 a Giginya Hotel,Sakkwato da ƙarfe 11:00am na safe
GOBIR
TA BAWA GAMBUN HAUSA KURYA GANGAR MUTUWA
Daga
Aliyu Muhammad
Bunza
Sashen
Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar
Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato
Waya: 0803 431 6508
Ƙibɗau: mabunza @yahoo.com
Tsakure
Hausawa na cewa: “Kowane tsuntsu kukan gidansu yake yi.”
Kowace irin al’umma magabatanta ke jawo mata girma ko akasinsa. Na tabbata
taron ƙasa-da-ƙasa da Jami’ar
Sakkwato ta yi kan Daular Gobir 2021 masana ba su raga wata babbar kafa da ɗalibai irinmu za su
leƙa ba. Don haka, na ɗan hango wani bagire da ya shafi uban
tafiyar kansa wato Sarkin Gobir Malam Sheikh Umar Bawa Jangwarzo. Na yi amfani
da tattaunawa da Gobirawa da Fulani da Katsinawa da Kabawa, kuma na ratsi
ayyuka wallafaffu da waɗanda ba a wallafa ba kan Gobir da Gobirawa da Sarkin Gobir
Umar Bawa. Na amfana da ayyukan da suke cikin google na kuma ratsi kundin
tarihin Daular Gobir da Jami’ar Usman Ɗanfodiyo ta wallafa
(2021). Na gano ba a samu wani fitaccen aiki da aka yi a kan sunan Sarkin Gobir
Malam Sheikh Umar Bawa Jangwarzo ba. Daga cikin Sarakunan Gobir fiye da (300)
babu wanda sunansa ya kere na Sarki Umar Bawa. Na yi duba cikin natsuwa kan
sunan BAWA a Hausance, kana na warga ga muhallin ‘jan” launi a adabi da al’ada.
Na kwakkwafe bayanina a kan kalmar “gwarzo”. Binciken an gina shi kan fasula
(13) haɗa
da gabatarwa da naɗewa. Nazarin ya gano sunan da sarautarsa da kasancewarsa
mai martaba uku, ɗan
sarauta, sarki, malami, da gawurtaccen jarumi, su suka ba shi muƙamin da ba basaraken da ke da shi a Gobir da ƙasashen da ke kewaye da ita, wato JANGWARZO. Kirarin “Gobir
gidan faɗa”
ta daɗe
da shi, amma zamanin
Sarkin Gobir Malam Umar Bawa aka yi wa kirarin ƙari
da cewa: “Gobir Ta Bawa Gidan Faɗa”.Yaƙe-yaƙen Gobirawa shi ya ba su ‘yancin cin moriyar ƙasarsu ta kasance wani gambu da katangar ƙarfe ga sauran ƙasashen Hausa. Hasashen
bincikena, ina kyautata zaton ranar LARBA aka haifi Sarki Bawa, saboda sanin
jumu’ar da ke albarka tun ranar Larba ake ganewa; bisa ga kirarin Bahaushe na,
Larba ta Bawa ranar samu kowa ya samu gare ki, sai ya ƙara.
Allah Masani.
Gabatarwa
Al’adar
bincike ita ce, samar da wata ‘yar gudunmuwa ga abin da ya gabata domin ƙara rage zango.
Gobirawa da tarihin kakaninsu sananne ne a adabin baka da rubuce-rubucen tarihi cikin Ibrahimiyanci (Hebrew) da Girkanci, da Larabci, da Ingilishi da sauran
harsunan Afirka. Wannan takarda ɗan
tsokaci za ta yi ga ɗan wani bagire da bai sha lugude sosai daga masana ba. Irin
yadda Gobirawa suka mamaye duniyar baƙar
fata ko’ina sun kafa sansanin gari ko tunga. Sarautunsu suka kai wuraren da faɗin ƙasarsu bai kai ba. Yaƙe-yaƙensu suka kai nesa ga kadadar ƙasashen da suke iko. Famarsu ta mamaye su nan magabatansu da
mabiya bayansu a tarihi ka ce, babu wata zuriya daga cikin zuriyar mazauna
Sudaniyya in ba Gobirawa ba. Babban abin mamaki sunan Sarkinsu BAWA ya mamaye tarihin sarakunan Sudaniyya, ka ce duk daulolin
Sudaniyya ƙarƙashin ikon Sarki Bawa suke. Maƙasudin wannan ‘yar takarda kallon sunan sarki Bawa da
abubuwan da sunansa ya ƙunsa, tare da fayyace
amsa amon sunansa “JAN GWARZO” cikin biyar diddigin adabi, al’ada, da nahawu.
Fashin Baƙin
Matashiya
Kalmar
da ta limanci matashiyarmu ita ce “Gobir”. Masana da dama sun tofa albarkacin
bakinsu a kan ta. A ganin Gobirawa daga GUBUR take wato tsohon wurin da suka
baro suka yo hijira. Wasu masana na ganin daga kalmar “Kobir” ko “Kubir” ne mai
ma’anar “Tagulla” (Coper). Idan ma aka ce daga kalmar “Coper” ce ta Ingilishi
akwai abin cewa a ciki a nahawun tarihi. Masu danganta ta da daɗaɗɗiyar ginan nan ta Katsina wato “Gobarau” ba jifa cikin tudu
suka yi ba. Na daɗe ina
tunanin, anya! Hausawa ba daga bakin Adarawa
ko Azbinawan Agades suka ji furucin suka ara ba? A Bahaushen tunani na tarihin tarihi ya kamata mu fara jinjina nauyin wasu kalmomi masu alaƙa da sunan irin su: Gobara, goriba, gurbi, da sauransu. Yanki
na biyu shi ne, “Ta Bawa” Ba Bawa ne
Sarkin Gobir na farko ba, ficensa da kere da ya yi wa sauran sarakunan Gobir
aka danganta ƙasar gaba ɗaya
da sunansa”.”Ta Bawa”. A nahawu,
samun harafin “ta” gabanin suna yana tabbatar da kasancewar sunan na jinsin
“mace” ne, ba a haɗe su da “Bawa”, in an yi sai ya ba da sunan mace “Tabawa”.
A gargajiyance gambu shi ne tsaro ga gari,
da gida, da ɗaki, in babu shamakin gambo babu tsaro ga muhalli. Gobir ita
ce, tsaro ga ƙasar Hausa.
Daga
gangan na kawo kirarin Gobirawa na fama da ake yi musu: “Kurya Gangar Mutuwa”. Kurya turun kiɗa ne
da ake haɗawa da duma wajen kiɗin
yaƙi da artabu da tayar da maza daga barcin
raggwanci. Kurya ta fi duma murya mai shiga zuciya da yamutse rayuwa da gigita
gwaraje da gawurtattu. Kurya ba ta barin maza su mazaya sai dai a mutu har
liman tare da mai kiɗin da kuryarsa duka. Da wuya a ji muryar kurya babu gawa
kwance domin muryarta
cewa take yi:
:
Komi taka zama ta zama!
:
Komi taka zama ta daɗe!
Haka
Gobirawa suke a fagen daga in nasara, in
mutuwa. Dubi yadda askarawan Satiru
na ƙasar Ɗancaɗi ta
Boɗinga Gobirawa (Wazirin Boɗinga:
2023) ke atisayen yaƙi da Turawan
Biritaniya a (1906) suke cewa:
Ku
sa kiɗi mazaizai mu gani,
Ko can gida faɗa mun ka sani,
Ba mu san gudu ba sai dai a mutu.
Idan
fagen artabu ya yi cin alewar kuturu,
kurya ake jefawa tsakanin maƙiya
mazaje su je su karɓo ta mai rabon ganin baɗi
shi gani (Kwatantagora: 1999). Haka idan an rufe birni an hana abokan gaba
shiga, makaɗin
kurya yake jefawa tsallaken ƙyauren ƙofar birni ta je can
ta tarar da abokan gaba, su kuwa dakarun gaba sai tsallakar ƙyaure da ganuwar gari, a riski abokan gaba cikin garinsu a ce
musu aljanna gafara wuta salamu alaikum. Rashin tsoron Gobirawa da mayar da
mutuwa tobashiyarsu, da rungumar takaici domin kunya ta san in da dare ya yi
mata, shi ya sa ake yi musu kirari da “Kurya Gangar Mutuwa”.
Gurbin Sunan
“Bawa” Cikin Sunayen Hausawa
Tunanina
a wannan bincike in tsaya kan sunan Sarki Bawa Jangwarzo a kadadar al’adar Bahaushe. A ƙasar
Hausa, kalmar “bawa” tana da
fassarori da dama. Daga cikin fassarorin akwai:
1-
Bawa daga cikin bayin sarki,
ba dole sai bawa na haƙiƙa ba, a’a ha, mai cika wa sarki aiki, da ya ce, “a yi” an gama. Don haka ake ce wa “dakarun yaƙi", bayin sarki.
2-
Akwai bawa kamamme da aka rinjaya fagen artabu, ko aka sayo
kasuwa, ko ya gaji bauta daga iyayensa, ko aka bautar da shi da ƙarfi-da-yaji
a ƙabilance ko a yaudarance da sunan
addini.
3-
Akwai “bawan gona” wanda aka ba gona ya noma a shekara ya
biya “tirkici” in ya yi dami goma ya ba da ɗaya,
in ya yi ɗari ya ba da goma haka dai zuwa. A Sakkwato da Kabi ana ce da
su “Runji”, muna da “Runjin Sambo” a misali.
4-
Akwai “bawan bashi” wanda ya sha ta fi cikinsa, sai a riƙe shi a matsayin bawa, ya dinga ƙwadago ga mai bashi har sai wahalarsa ta biya murgunsa.
5-
Akwai “Bawa” wanda ke bi wa mata ga haihuwa a wasu wurare a
ce da shi Gambo.
6-
Akwai “Bawa” wanda aka haifa ranar “Larba” ana sa masa suna
“Bawa” domin neman albarkar ranar. Magabata sun ce, an halicci kowane haske
ranar Larba don haka ko karatun zaure ranar Larba ake farawa, kuma akwai kuɗin
bulala da ake biya ranar kowace Larba. Dalilin Hausawa ke nan na yi mata kirari
da:
Larba
ta Bawa ranar samu,
Kowa
ya samu gare ki sai ya ƙara.
7-
Na ƙarshe akwai laƙabin da ake yi wa yara na neman ɗaukaka
irin ta “Sarki Umar Bawa Jangwarzo” kowane
Bagobir na son a samu Bawa gidansa. Haka kuma kowane Bahaushe idan ya ji irin ɗaukakar
Bawa da tagomashinsa yakan so ya sa wa yaronsa Bawa domin takwara ga JANGWARZO.
A taƙaice za mu ce, Sarkin Gobir Bawa Jangwarzo sarki ne, ɗan
sarki, jikan sarki, don haka hasashe da muka gabatar a lambobi na (1-4) ba za
su kusace shi ba. Ala tilas yana cikin hasashe na (5-6) wanda shi ya haifar da
hasashen na (7). Sunan Sarkin Gobir Umar Bawa
Jangwarzo ya ɓace gaba ɗaya sai dai ka ji an ce:
Bawa ko Malam Bawa ko Jangwarzo, a Jamhuriyar Nijar in ba Malam Bawa ka ce ba,
ba a gane da Sarki Bawa kake domin Malami ne kuma Sarki ne gaba da baya, a ji
sarki, a ga sarki. Malam Bawa ya yi tasiri sosai a ƙasar Hausa ba ma ga Gobirawa kawai ba, a’a a tarihin ƙasar
Hausa. Ga wasu misalai biyu don tabbatarwa:
1-
A Sakkwato hanyar zuwa mazaunin din-din-din na Jami’ar Usmanu
Ɗanfodiyo Sakkwato akwai Kantin magani
gawurtacce sunansa JANGWRZO CH.
2-
A Maraɗi akwai Hotel babba sunansa JANGWARZO kundin PhD Hausa da aka
fara yi a fannin waƙoƙin Addini a duniyar ƙasar
Hausa, a Jami’ar SOAS Ingila, wanda Prof. M. Hisket ya yi, (1975) da aka
wallafa shi, waƙar Yabon Sarkin Gobir
Malam Bawa Jangwarzo aka buga a bangonsa.
Danganta Bawa da Launin “Ja” a Bahaushen Tunani
Tunanin
wannan bincike feɗe tunanin Gobirawa na saka wa
Sarkin Gobir Malam Umar Bawa
sunan JANGWARZO, na ga ya fi kyau mu fara da kalmar “Ja” a Bahaushen tunani. Launin
“Ja” kirari ne ga zarumi saɓanin wasu launuka da ba shi
ba. Me ya sa ba su ce, fari ko kore ko shuɗi da
sauransu? Dalili shi ne, fari na shiga cikin yabo amma ba ya ɗaukar
kirari, haka nan sauran launuka.
Launin “baƙi" na ɗaukar
kirari da yabo amma ba na ma’abota ɗaukaka
da alfarma ba. Sauran launukan da muke da su duka ba sa ɗaukar
kirari da kambama ma’abota alfarma kamar yadda “ja” yake yi a al’adance.
Ma’aunin kalmar “ja” ko in ce
launin “ja” a dubi ma’auninta:
1-
Ja
2-
Ja
3-
Jajaye
4-
Jajaja
5-
Jajircewa
6-
Jajirtacce
7-
Jajirtattu
8-
Jajir
9-
Jajibiri
10-Jaji
-
Ai Abubakar jan namiji ne.
-
Garba ba wasa an ja ya ja.
-
Matan Buba jajaye ne.
-
Ya damu fuskarsa ta yi jajaja.
-
Mayaƙan masu jajircewa ne.
-
Bawa jajirtaccen namiji ne.
-
Dakarun jajirtattu ne ba wasa.
-
Dubi idanun mutum kamar
maye jajir ba su da fari.
-
Kwananmu bakwai ranar jajibirin kokuwar muka isa.
-
Fargar jaji
Bahaushe
ya yi tunani mai zurfi wajen zaɓar launin “ja” saboda
sabawarsa da ‘ya’yan ita ce da yake ganin kai matuƙa ta ninarsu ja suke yi daga cikin su akwai:
-
Kaiwa
-
Goriba
-
Giginginya
-
Tonka
-
Gauta
-
Wake
-
Gyaɗa
-
Masara
-
Yalo
-
Janzakara
Idan
aka kula, yadda duk launin “ja” ya kasance ya kai matuƙa ga
nunarsu, haka nan ake ganin kirari da launin ja shi ne matuƙa ga jarumi. Dubi yadda kalmar “ja” ta yi naso a zantukan
hikima da kirare-kiraren Bahaushe:
-
Jan kara jan zaƙi
(in ji masu rake).
-
Jan ido alamun namiji.
-
Kowane gauta ja ne, sai
in ba ji zafin rana ba.
-
Jan aiki.
-
Aiki ja.
-
Jar wuta ita ce danja.
A
tunanin waɗannan zantukan hikima da karin magana launin ‘ja’ ba ƙaramar daraja yake da ita ba, musamman a fagen yi wa gwarzo kirarin da ya dace da ƙoƙarinsa. A kowanne daga cikinsu duk irin launin da aka
sa ma’anar ba ta fitowa yadda za a buƙace
ta. A adabin zaruntaka na kambama gwaraje da
cicciɓa
su, za mu ga launin “ja” na da tasiri ciki sosai, misali a dubi waɗannan
zantuka:
-
Jini da jini, janjan (mabuɗin
karafkiya a goshin yaƙi)
-
Jarƙaniya (kalmar ƙundumbala)
-
Jannasuri (Maciji gawurtacce na cikin suri)
Launin “Ja” a Tatsuniya da Wasanni
Daga
cikin daɗaɗɗun adabin gargajiya akwai tatsuniya da wasannin yara.
Tatsuniya da wasannin yara wasu makarantu ne da kowane ɗalibin
ilmi ya kamata ya ziyarta idan
yana son biyan tushen diddigin kowane irin abu da ya shafi al’adar ma’abotanta.
Daga cikin tatsuniya muna da:
Ja
ya faɗi, ja ya ɗauke
Giginya
ta faɗi ɗan Bafulatani ya ɗauke.
Haka kuma a cikin wasannin
yara akwai wasar da ake yi:
Jagora: Jini da jini.
Amshi: Janjan.
Jagora: Rago da jini.
Amshi: Janjan.
Jagora: Kifi da jini.
Amshi: Janjan.
Jagora: Masara da jini.
Amsa: Yara za su yi tsit!
Wanda ya ce jan jan sai duka.
Wasa
ne na maza da maza, don haka aka ɗauki
launin ‘ja” na jini aka sarrafa, wanda duk ya yi kuskure zai sha duka sosai ba
mahani. A taƙaice, jarunta ta yi
amo cikin waƙe-waƙen yara da ake sarrafa launin “ja”. Dubi wani wasa na
nuna ƙwarewa ga harshe da
matasa ke sarrafa launin “ja” a ciki:
Kai
jan mutumin can
Ka ɗauki
jar sandar can
Ka
kori jar naggen can
Mai
cin jar dawar can
Ta
jar gonar can
Ta
jan mutumin can.
Tabbas!
jar sanda da jar nagge da jar dawa da jar
gona akwai abubuwan hangowa a ciki na nagarta. Jar sanda dole ta kasance kulki.
Jar nagge babu wai ga kasancewarta karsana. Jar dawa kuwa ko a magani mahaɗin
maganin mazakuta ce.
Ficen “jan” Launi ga Mu’amular Tsaro da
Buwaya
Gobirawa
mayaƙa ne gaba da baya,
kuma masana ne a kan harkokin tsaro da dabarun yaƙi. Saka launin “ja” cikin kirarin “Bawa” wani karatu ne
babba. Idan muka yi nazari za mu ga cewa:
1)
Barkono ja ne, jajir da shi ga shi da tsananin yaji, hatta da tattasai da tarugu da suka zo da baya ba sa ciyuwa idanu ba su yi hawaye da ja ba. Nagartar namiji jan ido ya sa idanu kuka.
2)
Jini na kowace irin haliita “ja” ne rinjayen launinsa da an
ga ya fito a kowane sashe na jikin mai rai razana za ta shiga. Da yaro da babba
babu wanda jini ba ya wa barazana. Haka ake son shugaba tsakanin mabiya.
3)
Wuta, belanta da farshinta da
garwashinta duk jajaye ne, kuma jajirtattu. Da mai hankali da maras hankali ba
wanda wuta ba ta sa wa hankali ba.
Gaskiyar Bahaushe da yake
cewa, yaro bai san wuta ba sai ya dafa.
Haka kuma ake da karin maganar,
wuta ba ta da raggon doki.
4)
Da belar wuta, da ruɓushinta,
da gaushinta duk jajaye ne. Ko a wasan maƙera
takin “kunkurun tama” ƙarfen da aka saka a wuta ya yi jajir sai maƙeran da suka tambayu. Don haka “ja” a cikin suna nagarta da
jarunta yake tabbatarwa.
5)
A yi duba zuwa ga bindigoginmu da sojojimu ke amfani da su, a kowace bindiga
ƙarshenta daidai wurin da balbalin bala’i
ke tartsatsi sukan ɗaura
ɗan ƙyalle ko tsumma “ja”.
A gargajiyance suturar dogarai
‘yan ƙasa na sarakunanmu
“ja” ne. Haka kuma, rawunnan dogarai “ja” ne. Kuben kowane irin makamin
Bahaushe za a ga “ja” ne da aka yi da jemammiyar fata “ja”. Kai! hatta da jar
dawa ɓawonta “ja” ne da shi ake yin sarrafa jan launi a waƙoƙi.
Yadda
muka ga fasulan jan launi a daɗaɗɗun
adabin baka haka nan adibban mawaƙa
suka aro su suka sarrafa su a waƙoƙinsu a jigoginsu na yabo ta fuskar jaruntaka da ƙwazo da ƙwarjini.
Ashe dai Gobirawa bisa kan hanya suke idan muka kalli yadda ɗaya
daga cikin mawaƙinsu Dr. Ibrahim
Abdulƙadir Maidangwale
Narambaɗa ya kambama ƙwarewa da adalci da ƙwazon Alƙali Abubakar, Alƙalin Moriki a faɗarsa:
Jagora: Bilhaƙƙi amali na Jandamo,
Jagora: Abu hukumul ƙadil madhaa,
Yara : In yai magana ta kwakkwahe.
Gindi : Ya ɗau
girma ya san yabo,
: Mu zo mu ga Alkali Abu.
Haka
za mu ga a cikin waƙoƙin Amali Sububu yana
koɗa taurararonsa “Aikau Jikan Tayawa” gawurtaccen manomi da faɗar
cewa:
Jagora:
Ku dibi idanun mutum kamar
maye.
Yara
: Jajir ba su da fari.
Gindi:
Ya riƙa aiki da gaskiyar
Allah,
: Bai saba ba da zama,
: Aikau jikan Tayawa ɗan
Mamman Kunkelin fashin ƙasa.
Wannan
ya tabbatar da faɗar Bahaushe na jan ido alamun namiji. Idan abu ya kankama ana
saka jan launi wajen yaba shi da ɗaukaka
shi. Da Shata na yabon Alhaji Garban Bici sai da ya sarrafa jan launi ga
yabonsa don ya hanzarta, ya ce:
Jagora:
Kaka ta yi uban Nura,
Gyaɗa ta
fara jar fata.
Gindi
: Haji Garban Bici ɗan Shehu.
A taƙaice, mai
yabon mazaje jarumai ba ya da makawa ga aron fasahar Gobiawa ta sa wa Sarkin “Jangwarzo”. Bawa Ɗan’anace a waƙarsa
da yabon Birgediya Hassan Usman Katsina yana cewa:
:
“Dac can nag ga jan ido.”
A
gai da Alhaji Aƙilu Aliyu Birnin Ƙaura Lailai Jega a cikin waƙarsa ta yabon Sojojin Nijeriya, da ta cinye gasa, a wani
baiti yana cewa:
Jar
wuta ita ce danja,
Jar
baƙar mutuwa soja.
Haƙiƙa sunan Sarki Malam Shekh Umar Bawa Jangwarzo ya zanu domin
ya ci sunansa da sifanta shi da aka yi da “jan” launi, yanzu sai mu fayyace
abin da ya biyo bayan jan launi
mu gani.
Gwarzo
A mahangar Ƙamusun G.P. Bargery
An
enegetic, capable worker; a man of pluck and grit.
A
ma’anar “grit” Ƙamusun Ingilishi ya
ce:
Courage
and resolve; strength of character.
A
ma’anar “pluck” Ƙamusun Ingilish ya
ce:
Spirited
and determiend courege.
Ke
nan za mu fassara ma’anar gwarzo bisa ga waɗannan
bayanai da cewa:
Nagartaccen
zarumi gawurtacce mai gaba gaƙi ga
abin da ya tunkara ko ya tinkaro shi mai zuciya sambai da fargaba ba ya yi mata
barazana.
Kalmar
“gwarzo” kalma ce ta nagara bayan an zama nagartacce a hau matsayin jaruntaka a
zama jarumi. Idan jarumi ya ƙasaita
zai hau gadon gwarzantaka a kira shi “Gwarzo” kalmar “Gwarzo” a cikin waƙoƙin saraua wata babbar
fitila ce cikin kalmomin yabo na waƙoƙin sarauta da yabon gwaraje, a ƙasar Hausa. Mu dubi gindin waƙar bakandamiyar Dr.
Ibrahim Narambaɗa da ke cewa:
Gindi:
Gwarzon Shamaki na Malam toron
giwa,
: Baban Dodo ba a tamma da
batun banza.
Wannan
ita ce Bakandamiyar Malamin waƙar ƙasar Hausa kuma da kalmar “gwarzo” ya yi shamaki da ita a
gindin waƙarsa. Makaɗa
Dandada ya yi tubali da ita a waƙarsa
ta:
Gindi:
Gwarzon Galadima ya ci arna,
: Uban Yari baban Barga na
farko.
Me
ya sa Sarkin Gobir Bawa ya keɓanta da kalmar “Gwarzo” a
cikin sarakunan ƙasar Hausa? Babban
dalili shi ne, saboda kasancewarsa jarumi a fagen yaƙi bisa ga yaƙe-yaƙen da ya gwabza ƙasa
Hausa.
Ƙasaitar
“Jangwarzo” Cikin Gwarajen Sarakunan Sudan
Ƙasar Hausa wata irin makekiyar ƙasa ce da ta ƙunshi
al’ummomi masu ɗimbin yawa. Ƙasa
ce da kowane sarki da ƙarfin soje yake taƙama da ɗiyaucin
kare zuriyarsa. Babu zuriya daga cikin zuriyoyin ƙasar Hausa da ke da raggon suna. Kowace ƙasa da fitaccen sarkinta take tinƙaho da bugun gaba. Ga ƙunshiyar
masarautun da zuriyarsu da kakaninsu.
|
Ƙasa |
Mutanenta |
Birininsu |
Kakaninsu |
Karin Harshensu |
1. |
Kano |
Kanawa |
Kano |
Bagauda |
Kananci |
2. |
Katsina |
Katsinawa |
Katsina |
Katsi |
Katsinanci |
3. |
Kabi |
Kabawa |
B/Kebbi/Argungu |
Kanta |
Kabanci |
4. |
Zamfara |
Zamfarawa |
Rawayya/Gusau |
‘Yargoje |
Zamfaranci |
5. |
Daura |
Daurawa |
Daura |
Daurama/Bayajida |
Dauranci |
6. |
Zazzau |
Zagezagi |
Zariya |
|
Zazzaganci |
7. |
Gobir |
Gobirawa |
Sabon Birni |
Jangwarzo |
Gobirarci |
8. |
Yawuri |
Yawurawa |
Birnin Yauri/Yauri |
Jarbana |
Yawuranci |
9. |
Maraɗi |
Maraɗawa |
Maradi |
Tcagarana |
Maraɗanci |
10. |
Damagaran |
Damagarawa |
Zinder |
|
Arabci |
11. |
Sakkwato |
Sakkwatawa |
Sokoto |
Danfodiyo |
Sakkwatanci |
Waɗannan
gundumomi da daulolin ƙasar Husa manya da ƙananan sarakunansu fitattu ne kuma shahararru a tarihi amma babu sunan da ya kai na Sarkin
gobir Malam Shekh Umar Bawa
Jangwarzo amo a cikinsu. Sunan Sarki Bawa da ƙasarsa wani gambu daga cikin gambunan rufe ƙofar fice da ɗaukaka a ƙasar Hausa, da an ce Gobir sunan Sarki Bawa Jangwarzo ke fara
faɗowa a zuciyar mai magana da mai sauraronsa.
Kurya Gangar Mutuwa
Daulolin
nan na ƙasar Hausa da muka
lissafa kowannensu na da ɗan taken tarihi
na jaruntaka da ake yi masa in an ambace shi. Kowane kirari ko take yana da alaƙa da tarihin ƙasar
ko masarautarta ko sarakunanta ko sarkinta ko jama’ar ƙasarta. Ga ɗan abin da nake son in
bayyana:
1.
Sakkwato: Birnin Shehu ta Bello mai da ƙasari zuma
2.
Kano: Jalla babbar Hausa, Kano ba gari ba dajin Allah
3.
Argungu: Na Kanta ba ku da raggo
4.
Katsina: Dakin Kara
5.
Yawuri: In ka san Yawuri ka san geshe?
6.
Gusau: Ta Sambo dandin Hausa
7.
Zazzau: Zazzau birnin ilmi na Turunku masu kaurin cinya a ba
ku ci a ga aiki.
8.
Daura: Ta
Abdu tushen Hausa.
9.
Maraɗi:
10.
Damagaran:
11.
Gobir: Uwar faɗa ko
ta Bawa Uwar faɗa
A taƙaice babu ƙasa
daga cikin ƙasashen nan (11) na
Hausa da ake yi wa kirari na “faɗa/yaƙi" in ba Gobir ba. Ashe Sarkinta ya ci sunansa
“Jangwarzo” domin tsakanin sarakuna (10) aka naɗa
masa rawanin zama gwarzo a fagen yaƙi
har ya ƙaura ba a karɓe
tutar a hannunsa ba. Babu wata ƙasa
ta Sudaniyya da ke tinƙaho da da dakaru da
Gobir ba ta gwada tsawo da ita ba. Gobirawa ba su taɓa
kunyata Jangwarzo har bayan ya ƙaura ba. Don haka
mawaƙinsu ke cewa:
Jagora:
Gobirawa kun sha kunun baƙar zuciya,
Yara
: Nan gidan duniya babu inda ba a ji ku
ba.
Gobir Gambun Hausa
Lokacin
da ƙasar Hausa take yau ciwo gobe lafiya a
kan yi wa manyan birane da gururuwa ganuwa a sa ƙyaure/gambu a rufe a naɗa
sarkin ƙofa. Idan an yi haka,
ba shiga, ba fita sai da yardar Sarkin ƙofa.
Irin haka ne Gobir ta kasance wa ƙasar
Hausa. Tsoron Gobirawa da ake yi a fagen daga musamman zamanin Sarkin Gobir
Malam Bawa Jangwarzo ya sa ƙasashe
da yawa na jin tsoro kawo hari ƙasar
Hausa. Bayan cin Alkalawa da masu jihadi suka yi 1809, Gobirawa ba su tarwatse
ba, domin wasu suka koma Tcibiri, wasu suka bi Yariman Gobir Ɗanhalima suka sake kafa Sabon Birnin Ɗanhalima kusa da
Kogin Bunsuru (Gobir: 2021:5). A taƙaice
Gobirawa sun yaƙi Kabi a ƙarni na 18th, Zamfara ta rushe a ƙarni na 14th C, Katsina 1764. Don haka, da Katsina
da Zamfara da Kabi sun yi wa Gobir gambu babu mai ratso su shi kai mata hari, ita kuwa ta yi musu gambu babu
wanda zai tunkare ta da yaƙi,
domin ya san suna tare (‘Yandaki: 2021:11). Bugu da ƙari Gobir ta gwabza
da Azbin da Adar a ƙarni
na 7th C, a nan ma ta yi wa ƙasar
Hausa gambu ga masu ƙetaro kashin giwa su
ce su shigo ƙasar Hausa. Gobirawa
suka fara kafa dangantaka mai ƙarfi
da ƙasashen nesa ga ƙasar Hausa irin su Yemen, Saudi Arabiya, Egypt, Sudan da Daular
Borno, a tarihin ƙaurace-ƙauracensu duk suna da danganta da su, wanda ya ƙara wa ganuwar ƙasar
Hausa da ƙyaurenta ƙarfi sosai.
Ja da Baya ga Rago
Hausawa
na cewa: “Ja da baya ga rago ba tsoro ba ne duk cikin shirin yaƙi ne.”
Babu gwarzon duniya da zai bugi ƙirjin
cewa ba a taɓa ribantarsa ba. Wurin da gizo ke saƙa shi ne, a karaya
a gudu a tsere a yi hijira, a ce an tuba da faɗa
wanda ba ya cikin kundin tarihin Gobirawa. Duk da haka, Gobirawa sun yarda da a
share jini a koma wasa, sai dai ba su yarda da faɗan
da ya fi ƙarfinka ka mai da shi
wasa ba. Domin
su a wajensu yaƙi shiga sojan
Badakkare ne, in til, in ƙwal rinin mahaukaciya. Yaƙe-yaƙensu ya ba su damar wasanni tsakaninsu da Zamfarawa, Fulani,
Yorubawa, Katsinawa da zumunta da Kabawa. Babu wai, zancen a mazaya a mayar da
iri gida ya yi naso a yaƙin Dutsen wake a ƙasar Kiyawa (Ibrahim: 2021:343) da yaƙin Ɗanƙasawa zamanin Ummaru Dallaje (1807-1835) Gobir agaji ta bayar
da yaƙin ci-kaji (1978)
zamanin Sarkin Gobir Ibrahim Shawai, agaji Gobir ta kai. Ga al’adar faɗa da
yaƙi da jihadi, yaudara da salon ja da baya
a sake shiri ba kasawa ba ne, cikin dabarun fama ne da suke shiri.
Sakamakon Bincike
Tunanin
wannan bincike shi ne duba zuwa ga jagoran Gobirawa da ya fi kowane sarki daga
cikin sarakunan Gobir fice da kere ga
suna. Abu na farko da na gano, Sarki Umaru
Bawa Jangwarzo martaba uku yake da su da suka zama tsani ga ɗaukakarsa.
Na farko Basarake ne gaba da baya. Na biyu, Malamin addini ne, ko an ƙi a faɗa don hasada. Na uku jarumi ne, jarumi uban gidan jarumai don haka aka ba shi laƙabin JANGWARZO. Irin tsayin dakar da Sarkin Gobir Malam Umar
Bawa Jangwarzo ya yi na hanawa magabta ratsa ƙasarsa, da yi mata gambu da ƙasashen da ya yaƙa, da hana ta miƙa
wuya da kasancewa ƙarƙashin kowace irin daula ta kowace irin jinsin mutane ƙarƙashin kowane irin
salo shi ne musabbabin haɗin kan Gobirawa da ƙasaitarsu
a farfajiyar Sudaniyya. Sarki Bawa ya tsare wa Gobirawa ƙasarsu, tarihinsu, addininsu, al’adunsu, da ɗiyaucinsu, ya girka wa Gobirawa kishin ƙasarsu a zukatansu wanda ya hana wa Gobirawa ɗaga
hamata ga kowace ƙabila da ke son ta yi musu shigar kutse. Na dai tabbata sunan JANGWARZO ya cancanci Bawa domin
ya mayar da ragon suna.
Naɗewa
Daga
cikin zuriyar Hausawa da ke zaune a ƙasar
Hausa babu zuriyar da ta fi ta Gobirawa haɗin
kai. Babu wani lungu daga cikin lungunan ƙasarmu
Nijeriya da Gobirawa ba su yi sansani ba. A cikin Afirka ta Yamma sun barbazu
sosai da sana’o’i daban-daban. Gobirawa na daga cikin zuriyar Hausawa da suka
kiyaye dangin jininsu da sarautunsu da kadadar ƙasarsu. Tsagar fuskarsu
ta daban ce, ba a yin ta ga duk wanda ba ga uba ya gaji Gobarci ba, kuma ba su
yarda da aron tsagar fuskar kowa ba. Biyayyarsu ga shugabanci da gabaci ya sa,
har gobe ba su daina yi wa ‘ya’yansu laƙabi
da sunan Sarkin Gobir Malam Bawa Jangwarzo ba. Haka kuma babu basaraken da ya ari sunan “Jangwarzo” har yau. Abin ban sha’awa na taɓa
tambayar wani bakaniken
motoci marsandi a Buzaye mai suna Aliyu ma’anar Lambar SBN (Sabon Birni) ya ce:
S. Shehu, B. Bello, N. Nana
Asma’u. Allahu akbar! A share jini a koma
wasa, lallai sarkin Gobir Shekh Malam
Umar Bawa Jangwarzo ya ci sunan
SARKI ba Sarkin ƙaƙe ba.
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