Na
ABUBAKAR USMAN KALGO
Gabatarwa
Wannan aiki ne da aka bayar domin kowane ɗalibi ya yi nazarin littafinsa. A inda ni zan yi nazari a kan littafai guda biyu kamar haka:
1.
Bautar
Bayi 1, 2, da 3
2.
Matsafiya
Manubiya
To sai dai akwai
hanyoyin nazari guda huɗu: hanyar nazarin
gargajiya, hanyar nazarin gaɓa, hanyar nazarin zamantakewa da kuma hanyar nazarin
al’ada. Amma ni zan yi amfani da ɗaya hanya wato gargajiya da aikin waɗannan hanyoyi guda
huɗu.
A nazari ta amfani
da hanyar gargajiya, ana amfani ne da dabaru guda biyar. Wato gabatar da
littafi, jigonsa, salonsa, zubi da tsarinsa da kuma fito da halaye ko ɗabi’un taurari. Waɗannan dabaru na bi
domin gudanar da wannan aiki.
Gabatar da Littafi
Littafin Bautar
Bayi (1.2,3) da littafin matsafiya Manubiya wato ci gaban littafin Bautar Bayi,
littafi ne da Abubakar T. Iliyasu (ATI) ya wallafa, kuma aka buga shi a
kamfanin So Bookshop, Kasuwar Kurmi Kano State a shekarar 2007.
Littafin Bautar Bayi ya ƙunshi na 1,2 da 3
a cikin littafi guda kuma ya na yawan shafuka ɗari da sittin (160) haka shi ma ci
gaban wato Matsafiya Manubiya ya na da shafuka ɗari (100).
Babu wani cikakken
bayani game da dalilin rubuta wannan littafi, sai dai mafi yawan littafan
adabin kasuwar Kano ana rubuta su ne bisa ga sha’awa ta rubutu ko kuma neman kuɗi don haka, ana
iya hasashe cewa shi ma wannan littafi an rubuta shi ne bisa ga dalili na
sha’awa ko neman kuɗi.
Ƙumshiyar
littafi
Littafin Bautar Bayi da Matsafiya
Manubiya ya na ɗauke da labarin
wasu samari su uku da baraden su biyu da iyayensu da kuma wani azzalimin sarki
wanda yake bautar da mutane.
Waɗannan samari sun
haɗa da: Nahab,
Muhsin, Musayi, sai matan biyu sun haɗa da Kisnira da Yahimiya. Haka kuma wannan
sarkin bautayi shi ne sarki Ayus. Akwai kuma wata mata da ake ƙira matsafiya
Manduriya wanda take son ɗaukar fansar
mijinta ga Aljana Balbun-Ru’usi da kuma sarki Ayus.
Nahab ya shiga
duniya domin ya nemo mahaifiyarsa da sarki Ayus ya kame mai suna Lu’uzi.
Mubayi shi ne
babban abokin Nahab ya shiga duniya neman Nahab domin ya taimaka masa.
Yahimiya kuma ita
ce ke son Mubaayi shi ma yana sonta dalilin haka yasa ta shiga duniya tare da
su domin yaƙar sarki Ayus saboda kuma ya sa an kashe mata ‘yar
uwa.
Muhsin shi ma ya
shiga duniya ne domin neman mahaifinsa Mas’ud kuma ya sami labarin cewa sarki
Ayus ne ya kama shi. Kuma Muhsin shi ne zai yaɗa addinin Musulunci a wannan
lokaci.
Kisrina kirista ce
ta musulunta a dalilin Muhsin ta kuma bishi neman mahaifinsa, a cikin tafiyar
ta su sukai aure da Muhsin da Kisnira.
Waɗannan samari uku
da ‘yan mata biyu sun yi nasarar yaƙar sarki Ayus suka
musuluntar da shi, suka kuma ceci al’umma daga wannan hali na bauta.
Jigo
Jigo shi ne saƙon da marubuci ke
son isarwa. Babban jigon wannan littafi shi ne jarumta.
Ƙananan
jigogin littafin kuma sun haɗa da;
i.
Soyayya
da kuma
ii.
Addini
Duba da waɗannan:
Jigon soyayya:
Inda Kisnira take cewa:
“Muhsin
ka cire takobin nan da ke cikin ƙasa, ka sare kaina na huta na fahimci ba ka ƙaunata
ko kaɗan a
cikin zuciyarka. (Bautar Bayi: 3:152)
Jigon Addini:
“Ya
kai Muhsin babban baƙo mai daraja wanda addinin gaskiya zai ƙara ɗaukaka da ci gaba
a duniya sanadiyar wannan fitowa taka. (Bautar Bayi: 3:118).
Jigon Jarumta:
“Nahab
ya yi wani irin ihu da kururuwa da zuciya mai tsananin ƙarfi,
sannan ya nufi kan Aljana Kalbun-Ru’usi a lokacin da take tsaye riƙe da
kan babansa a hannu a guje” (Bautar Bayi: 1: 19).
Tashin tashina
Wannan littafin ya
ƙunshi
tashin tashina na yaƙe-yaƙe da tsafe-tsafe da suka gudana a
cikinsa.
Salo
Salo shi ne
dabarun da aka bi wajen isar da saƙo ko a ce salo shi
ne dabarun jawo hankali waɗanda suka ƙunshi aron kalmomi
da sarrafa harshe, karin magana, jisantawa, kamance, da sauransu. Haka salo ya ƙunshi amfani da zaɓen kalmomi da
tsara jumloli yadda ya kamata.
A.Kirari:
Shi ne mutum ya
kwarzanta kansa, misali,
“Kububuwa nake mai
sara a mutu,
Ɗaci nake mai sa
fuska ta yamutse,
Cinnaka nake ban
san na gida,
Fushi da rashin haƙuri abin gado a
gareni,
Wutar daji nake
mai wuyar kashewa,
Annoba nake mai maida
alƙarya
su zama kanguna ababen zagayewa”
(Bautar Bayi:
1:38-39)
B. Aron Kalmomi:
Shi ne faɗin wata kalma a
cikin wani harshe, misali:
“Wulaya” (Larabci)
“Hadisil Ƙudisi” (Larabci)
“Al’izkar”
(Larabci)
(Bautar Bayi: 2: 76).
Zubi da Tsari
Zubi da tsari ya ƙunshi
a.
Buɗewa da rufewa
b.
Dabarun
ƙulla
labari
c.
Tsarin
babuka
Wannan littafi an
buɗe shi da irin buɗewar zamani wato
yanzu domin an fara da fitowar Lu’uzi daga gida ta shiga daji ɗiban ruwa aka
kameta, ba tare da an fara sanin su waye iyayenta yaushe aka haifeta, wa ta
aura, ta haihu ko ba ta haihu ba, idan ta haihu ‘ya’yanta nawa, Nahab ne babban
ɗanta ko ƙaƙa?
Duk da irin ƙarar kaɗawar bishiyoyi,
kukan tsuntsaye da kuma gunji, haɗe da gurnanin manyan namun daji ba za su
hana aji sautin ƙarar tafiyar matar ba, wacce ta ke goye da wata
jaririya a bayanta. (Bautar Bayi: 1: 5)
Rufewar wannan
littafi haka take wato rufewar adabin littafan kasuwar Kano, domin a kan tsaya
ne a wurin da dole sai ka nemi littafi na gaba domin jin ci gabansa. Misali
yadda aka rufe littafi na ɗaya har zuwa na huɗu:
Shin wai wacece
ne? kar fa a ce Aljana Kalbun-Ru’usi ce? To idan ita ce mai zai iya faruwa a
wajen? A wane irin hali Lu’uzi mahaifiyar Nahab ta kasance a yanzu? Shin Nahab
zai yi nasarar ɗibar sharar har ya
koma wajen matsafiya Manduriya kuwa? Ku biyo ni zuwa:
Bautar Bayi 2. (Bautar Bayi 1:54)
C. Dabarun Ƙulla Labari
Mai wannan littafi
ya yi amfani da tsarin kan labari misali, idan zai ci gaba da labarin wani daga
cikin taurarin sai ya ce:
NAHAB wato labarin
a kan Nahab ne
ALƘARYAR KENYUN-DARI
BIRNIN BAUTAYI
BIRNIN MAZAUWIL
MUHSIN BIN MAS’UD
NAHAB DA MUSAYI
Taurari
Taurari a wannan
littafin za a iya kasa su guda biyu:
Manyan Taurari
Manyan taurarin
nan su ne mafin waɗanda suka fi taka
rawa. Ga su:
Nahab:
Shi ne babban tauraro
wanda ya taka rawa sosai a cikin wannan littafi domin labarin kusan ya ginu ne
a kansa. An haifi Nahab a Kenyun-Dari sunan mahaifinsa Yandi mahaifiyarsa
Lu’uzi. An kashe mahaifinsa an kuma kama mahaifiyarsa domin bauta a gidan sarki
Ayus, kuma Nahab ya ɗaura ɗamarar nemo
mahaifiyarsa a cikin duniya.
Muhsin:
Muhsin shi ma
babban tauraro ne an haife shi a birnin Muzauwil, sunan mahaifinsa Mas’ud
mahaifiyarsa Azumi ta rasu kuma an kama mahaifinsa domin bauta a gidan sarki
Ayus, kuma ta bashi wasicin nemo mahaifinsa.
Musayi:
Musayi shi ma
babban tauraro ne domin abokin Nahab ne kuma ya shiga duniya don ya nemo Nahab
kuma ya taya shi gwagwarmayar neman mahaifiyarsa.
Yakinya:
Yakinya ita ma
babbar tauraruwa ce domin ita ce budurwar Musayi kuma ta gida da danginta
saboda shi, ta kuma shiga duniya neman sa da kuma nufin yaƙar sarki Ayus
domin ya sa an kashe mata ‘yar uwa.
Kisnira:
Ita ma babbar
tauraruwa ce, domin ita ce budurwar Muhsin kuma ta musulunta a dalilinsa ta
kuma raka shi yaƙi da sarki Ayus don ya kauda zalincin sarki Ayus ya
kuma ƙwato mahafinsa,
Ƙananan
Taurari
1.
Sarki
Ayus
2.
Sanda
(Barde)
3.
Matsafiya
Manduriya
4.
Aljana
Kalbun-Ru’usi
5.
Lu’uzi
mahaifiyar Nahab
6.
Mas’ud
mahaifin Nahab
7.
Sahana
ƙanwar
Nahab
8.
Namudi
kakan Nahab
9.
Sarki
Uzairu Mazauwil
10. Habiwal-Fasihi
aminin Mas’ud
11. Azumi mahaifiyar
Muhsin
12. Kacakali mijin
matsafiya Manduriya
13. Bagira mahaifiyar
Yahiniya
14. Dammul-Zalzalu ɗan Aljana
Kalbun-Ru’usi
Duk waɗannan ƙananan taurari ne
wasu daga cikinsu masu halayen ƙwarai ne wasu kuma masu halaye ne
marasa kyau.
Kammalawa
Wannan littafin an
yi nazarinsa ne bisa hanya ta gargajiya ta hanyar gabatar da littafi, wato
sunansa, marubucinsa, da maɗaba’a da kuma shekarar bugawa. Haka kuma an duba ƙumshiyar wannan
littafi da jigonsa da kuma salonsa da tsarin zubi da tsarinsa, an kuma duba
halayen taurari manya da ƙanana.
Manazarta
Atuwo,
A. A. (2017). Laccar Aji da ya gabatar wa ɗalibai ‘yan aji huɗu mai lamba ALH
406, Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sakkwato.
Abubakar T. I. (2007). Bautar Bayi Maɗaba’a So Bookshop, Kasuwar Kurmi Kano State Nijeriya.
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