Takardar ƙara wa juna sani da aka gabatar a ajin ALH 400: Seminars, a Sashen Nazarin Harsuna Da Al’adu, Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau, Nijeriya, (2022/2023 Academic Session).
Kacici-Kacici A Faifan Nazari: Tambayoyi Hamsin (50) Da
Amsoshin Su
NA
ILIYASU MUSA
G.S.M NUMBER: 08068482478
gmail: iliyasumusa201744@gmail.com
TSAKURE
Wannan bincike ya mayar da hankali ne kacokam a
kan kacici-kacici a harshen Hausa.Wannan fanni na
adabin baka, ɗaya
ne daga cikin ƙananan rassa na maganganun hikima da sarrafa harshe. Manufar
wannan bincike ita ce domin asamar wa yara kanana da masu nazarin harshen Hausa
wani rumbu da za a adana ma su waɗannan maganganun
hikima don gudun ɓacewar su a nan
gaba. Kacici-kacici dai wasu ‘Yan guntayen jimloli ne ko dogaye da ake amfani
da su ta hanyar yin tambaya sai a bukaci wani ko wasu da su gane amsar. Ana yin
haka ne da zimmar ƙara zurfin tunani, nishaɗantarwa, raya
al’adun Hausawa tare da sanin sunayen abubuwan da ke kewaye da su. Wannan
bincike ya gano cewa akwai hasashen cewa nan da ‘yan shekaru masu zuwa wannan
fanni na kacici-kacici na iya ɓacewa. Bisa ga haka ne wannan muƙala ke bayar da shawarar cewa masu ruwa da tsaki da su tashi
tsaye, tsayin daka wajen ganin sun kundace wannan fannin, duba da irin rawar da
yake takawa wajen raya adabi.
1.0
GABATARWA
Baya ga samar da nishaɗi tare da ilmantarwa, kacici-kacici ya zama wata babbar
ma’adana inda ake adana rumbun kalmomi waɗanda
banda ta hanyar tatsuniyoyi ko irin waɗannan
mutum ba zai ji ana yin amfani da su sosai ba. Bugu da kari, kacici-kacici na
koyar da wani abu wanda yake muhimmi ne a halin rayuwar dan Adam. Wannan abu
kuwa shi ne, Hausawa sukan ce wai ba kullum akan kwana a kan gado ba. Wato idan
yau kai ne, to gobe ba kai ne ba; sai wani. Wannan kuwa na fitowa ne ta hanyar
‘’ Na ba ka gari’’. Yayin da waɗanda ake yin kacici-kacici da su ba su canki amsar ba, sukan
ce ‘’ Na ba ka gari’’. Wannan na nuna cewa dai mutum ba zai iya sanin komai na
duniya ba. Saboda haka yayin da duk aka tambaye shi abin da bai sani ba, ba
tare da jin kunya ko nauyi ba, zai ce ‘’ Na ba ka gari’’. Haka kuma yayin da duk bai
san wani abu ba, ba a bin da ya kamata ya yi fiye da ya tambaya a gaya masa.
Kacici-kacici tamkar wata makaranta ce
ta farko a gargajiyance wadda take koya wa yara tafarkin rayuwa. Misali da jin
ma’anar ‘’ Tsohuwar gidanmu kullum zata fita sai ta raba muna goro’’ wato
kashin awaki’’. A nan mutum zai iya gane cewa Hausawa mutane ne masu yin kiwon
dabbobi. Daga ƙarshe dai
makasudin binciken shi ne a farfado da wannan hanya ta ilimantar da ‘ya’yan
Hausawa tare da kundace wannan kafa don gudun ɓacewarta
baki daya.
1.1DABARUN BINCIKE
A wannan bincike an yi amfani da tsarin
tsurar bayani ne wato (Qualitative form of research). An
yi amfani da babbar hanyar tattara bayanai daga tushe na farko wato (primary
source). Da kuma babbar hanyar tattara bayanai daga majiya ta biyu
wato (secondary source). Inda aka binciki rubuce-rubucen
magabata, musamman bugaggun littaffai a ɗakunan
karatu.
2.0 MA’ANAR KACICI-KACICI A BAKIN MASANA
Kacici-kacici yana ɗaya daga cikin zantukan hikima wanda yake raya adabin baka
na Hausa,ko a can da kacici-kacici yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga adabin Hausa, musamman idan aka yi la’ari
da irin rawar da ya ke takawa wajen ilmantarwa, nishaɗantarwa, da samar da rumbun kalmomi tare da raya al’adun
Hausawa. Ga wasu daga cikin ra’ayoyin masana game da ma’anar kacici-kacici.
Muhammad,Y.M (2015:94)
a cikin littafinsa mai suna Adabin Hausa ya bayyana kacici-kacici da cewa waɗansu gajerun zantuka ne na azanci wadanɗa sukan zo a cikin jimloli ɗai-ɗai, ko jeren jimloli masu siffanta abin nufi guda ɗaya.
Dangambo A. (1984:40) A littafinsa mai
suna Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa da muhimmancinsa ga rayuwar
Hausawa ya ce ‘’ kacici-kacici ya ƙunshi hikima da sarrafa harshe. Ana siffanta wasu kalmomi da
ma’anarsu a sa mutum ko yaro ya yi ƙoƙari, ya danganta kalmomin da aka bayyana da ma’anarsu, ya
kuma gano su.
Owomoyela (1996:42) Says ‘’Riddles are
a form of verbal art that pose a question to an audience, challenging them to
find the correct answer by utilizing their knowledge, logic,and intuition’’.
Owomoyela (1996:42) Ta ce kacici-kacici wata
maganar hikima ce da ake tsarawa ta hanyar yin tambaya ga masu saurare domin su
gano amsar a ilmance tare da amfani da kaifin tunaninsu
Wasu masanan na ganin cewa
‘’kacici-kacici tatsuniya ce wadda ake shiryawa domin auna fahimtar yara. Ana
aiwatar da ita ne ta hanyar sakaya sunan wani abu amma sai a fadi wata sifa ta sa,
daga baya a nemi yaro ya gane mene ne.
Duba da wadannan ra’ayoyi na masana, ni ma a
tawa fahimta ina da ra’ayin cewa kacici-kacici wani salo ne na yin tambaya nan
take a bayar da amsa a tsakanin yara don ƙara kwarewa da harshe.
2.1
ASALIN KACICI-KACICI
Kamar yadda Muhammad Y.M (2015:93) Ya
faɗa a cikin littafinsa mai suna Adabin Hausa inda ya nuna da
cewa asalin Kalmar kacici-kacici daga Kalmar ‘’cinta ce’’ wato kintaci fadi.
Yara biyu sukan yi wa juna wasa da canki. Ta yadda sukan yi haka kuwa shi ne, ɗaya yakan rufe wani abu, misali kwabo, a tafin hannunsa ya
ce wa ɗayan ya cinka, wato ya yi kirdado ya faɗi abin da ya rufe a hannunsa. Siffar tambayar takan zo ne
kamar haka. Kacici-kacici, me ye a hannuna? Shi kuma wanda aka tambaya, zai yi
ta kokari ne ya ambaci abin da tafin tafin hannun zai iya damƙewa ya rufe ruf, ba tare da ana ganinsa
ba. Kuma zai yi ta tuntuno da abubuwan da ake ma’amala da su ne yau da kullum,
misali kamar tsabar kuɗi, da wasu abubuwa na ci kamar goro, ko gyaɗa, ko abubuwan wasa kamar tsakuwa, da sauransu.
2.2 NAU’O’IN KACICI-KACICI
A wannan muƙala an kasa nau’o’in kacici-kacici zuwa
gida huɗu,kamar haka
1
kacici-kacici da aka gina a kan siffa
2
Kacici-kacicin ɓoyo (sakayawa)
3
Kacici-kacici mai sauti
4
Kacici-kacici mai kirari
I Kacici-kacici da aka gina a kan siffa:
Irin wannan tambaya ce ko bayani wanda a cikin ta aka siffanta wani abu. Shi
abin da aka siffanta ɗin nan mutum zai kasance mai sauƙin ganewa ne, da zaran dai ya yi ɗan
gajeren tunani, zai iya gane abin da ake nufi. Misali idan mai kacici-kacici ya
ce ‘’Waina a dawa’’ amsar wannan ita ce ‘’Kashin shanu’’.
Da zarar mutum ya san kashin shanu, ya kuma
san waina, to zai san cewa dai an gina wannan kacici-kacicin ne ta hanyar
siffantawa. haka kuma kamar irin su: Shirin ba ci ba’’Wato ‘’baba’’ da dai sauransu.
II Kacici-kacicin ɓoyo (sakayawa):- Ita ma irin wannan
takan zo ne kamar sauran zantuka, ko bayanai waɗanda idan mutum ya
ji zai iya gane ma’anar su; amma maimakon abar su a haka a fili, sai akan yi dabara
a ɗan ɓoye su don a ruɗa mutun. Misali
: ‘yar burguma da fata goma. Amsar it ace ‘’albasa’’
III kacici-kacici mai sauti :-
Irin wannan tambaya ce ko bayani wacce
ta kunshi sauti ko murya ta musamman wacce daga muryar ko sautin mutun na iya
cankar amsar. Misali
Daga nesa na ji muryar ƙawata. wato ‘’ganga’’ An dai san ganga
na da ƙara kuma mutum
na iya jin ƙararta daga
nesa. Haka kuma akwai
wannan, misali
Bullum bar bullum bullum na bulloji.
Haka ma da jin wannan sauti mutum na iya hasashen cewa, kaza bari ƙoto shaho na kallon ki.
Kamar yadda ɗillin
ta kan yi ɗillin hakanan ma ɗillin
takan yi ɗillin. Shi ma wannan sautin mutun na iya hasashen shi da
cewa, kamar yadda kaza takan yi ƙwannan hakanan ma ƙwan yakan yi kaza.
IV Kacici-kacici mai kirari:-
Irin wannan kacici-kacici yakan zo ne
ta fannin kirari ko yabo. Anan akan dauki wani abu ne a kambama shi da nufin
yabon abin don muhimmancinsa ga rayuwar Ɗan-adam. Misali masu kacici-kacici
sukan ce. ‘’Tsumagiyar kan hanya fyaɗi yaro fyaɗi babba’’ wato
‘’yinwa’’ wannan ba kowa ake wa kirari ba ban da ‘’yinwa’’. Daga jin wannan idan
mutum bai sani ba zai tsammaci cewa wani abu ne muhimmi.
2.3
LOKACIN DA AKE YIN KACICI-KACICI
Ana yin kacici-kacici ne lokacin
hutawa, kuma a cikin raha watau a cikin wasa da dariya. Kacici-kacici dai da
daddare ake yin sa, amma idan ana son a yi da rana ko wani lokaci da yake ba
dare bane, to ana iya ɗaure gizo, sannan a fara. Muhimmancin abin da ya kamata a yi
la’akari da shi, dangane kacici-kacici, shi ne an fi yin sa da dare bayan
kamala cin abincin dare. Domin shi kacici-kacici abin raha ne da hutawa.
Hausawa kuma na cewa wai ‘’ Dare mahutar bawa’’. A she in haka ne kuwa ba wani
lokacin da ya fi dare dacewa ayi.
2.4 YADDA
AKE YIN KACICI-KACICI
Yayin da ake wannan hutawa, yara sukan
share fagen tatsuniyoyi ko labarum raha da kacici-kacici.
Wani lokaci kuma akan yi kacici-kacici ne
yayin da ake yin tatsuniyoyi da sauran raha, idan an fara gajiya sai a jefo
kacici-kacici don a dan shakata. A wasa ƙwaƙwalwa, a kuma
bar mai yin tatsuniyar ko labaran ya dan huta.
Wani lokaci ma akan zauna ne kawai don shi
kacici-kacicin kawai don wasa ƙwaƙwalwa.
3.0 WURIN
YIN KACICI-KACICI
Akan yi kacici-kacici ne a wurare kamar
haka
1
Gidan amarya ko gidan biki
2
Yayin da yara suka taru a dandali don wasa
3
Tare da kakanni mata a gida
3.1 MASU YIN KACICI-KACICI
Kacici-kacici dai ana iya cewa a taƙaice, wasan yara ne, don yara aka fi
sani na yin shi. Amma wani lokaci akan samu manya na yi, musamman mata.
3.2 MUHIMMANCIN
KACICI-KACICI
Kacici-kacici
na da matuƙar muhimmanci,
duba da irin gagarumar gudummuwar da yake bayarwa ga yara ƙanana
1 Koyar da dubarun zaman duniya da ƙara masu kaifin tunani
2 Samar da nishaɗi
3 Bunƙasa harshe
4 Sanin abubuwan amfani da ke kewaye da
yara na gida da
waje
5 Sanin al’adun al’uma
6 Iya sarrafa kalmomi d.s
3.3
DARUSSAN CIKIN KACICI-KACICI
Shi dai wannan salon Magana na
kacici-kacici wanda galibi yara da samari, kai har ma da waɗanda manya ke yi din, suna da matukar amfani wajen nuna
zurfin hikimomi da harshen Hausa ya ƙunsa.
Ga wasu daga cikin darussan kamar haka
I Kacici-kacici na sanya tunani ga masu
yinsu, sai a gano abin nufi wanda aka ƙudundune a cikin zuzzurfar Hausa.
II Kacici-kacici na sa yara su san
sunayen waɗansu abubuwa a cikin al’adunsu.
III Kacici-kacici na koyar da gasa, da
son mutum ya nuna bajinta wajen amsa tambayoyin da aka yi masa
IV Kacici-kacici na ƙara danƙon zumunta da haɗa kan yara tsakaninsu, domin ana yin su ne a dandali wurin
haɗuwar abokai da sauransu.
3.4 MISALAN
KACICI-KACICI GUDA HAMSIN ‘50’ DA AMSOSHINSU
1 Tambaya: Ƙulinƙulibita
Amsa: Gauta
2 Tambaya: Matar ƙuilbita
Amsa: Yalo
3 Tambaya: Kututturu uku gagara ɗauri
Amsa: Ƙwai
4 Tambaya: Abu siriri abu zarara, abu tufkar Allah
Amsa: Gashi
5 Tambaya: Tsohuwar gidanmu ta ƙwarƙwashe ta na roƙon Allah
Amsa: Rumfa
6 Tambaya: Bullum bar bullum, bullum na bulloji
Amsa: Kaza bar tono shaho na kallonki
7 Tambaya: Gwanda lili da liyo
Amsa: Gwanda noma da awo
8 Tambaya: Kurkucir kucif
Amsa: Kwanciyar kare
9 Tambaya: Ɗan tsako da linzami
Amsa: Allura da zare
10 Tambaya: Waina a dawa
Amsa: Kashin shanu
11 Tambaya: Angulu bisa kuka uku
Amsa: Tukunya
12 Tambaya: Ana haya haya kutukku na tsaye
Amsa: Turmi
13 Tambaya: Ƙato tsakar gida ba wando
Amsa: Turmi
14 Tambaya: Kaɗata feffeffes amma babu mai iya taɓa ta
Amsa: Taurari
15 Tambaya: Ɗakin samari ba ƙofa
Amsa: Ƙwai
16 Tambaya: Gungume uku baya ɗauro wuri ɗaya
Amsa: Ƙwai
17 Tambaya: Kamar yadda ɗillin takan yi ɗillin haka ma ɗillin yakan yi ɗillin
Amsa: Kamar yadda kaza takan yi ƙwannan haka ma ƙwan yakan yi kaza
18 Tambaya: Da dodo da bado da badoduwa
Amsa: Da rana da wata da tauraruwa
19 Tambaya: Takalmin kitse maɗauki na wuta
Amsa: Kunama
20 Tambaya: ‘‘Yar burguma da fata goma
Amsa: Albasa
21 Tambaya: Abu ɗan ɗil ya sa mai gari
sauka bisa doki
Amsa: Fitsari
22 Tambaya: Shanuna dubu dubu maɗaurarsu ɗaya
Amsa: Tsintsiya
23 Tambaya: Shanuna dubu dubu amma ‘yar ƙaramarsu ta fi su zaƙin nono
Amsa: Rakke (takanɗa)
24 Tambaya: Shanuna dubu dubu in suka wuce babu mai ganin ƙurarsu
Amsa: Turwa
25 Tambaya: Gari ɗaka yara kwana da yinwa
Amsa: Toka
26 Tambaya: Ga fili fallau amma babu mai damar yin ƙwallo
Amsa: Sararin sama
27 Tambaya: Tsohuwar gidanmu kullum wanka amma ƙara baƙi take
Amsa: Guga
28 Tambaya: Na gina taƙi ginuwa na rufe
taƙi rufuwa
Amsa: Inuwa
29 Tambaya: Na wanke ‘yar ƙwaryata na je
makka da madina na dawo ba ta bushe ba
Amsa: Hancin kare
30 Tambaya: Baƙar bakambara ratsa gidan sarki
Amsa: Daidawa
31 Tambaya: Iya ta zagaya baba ya zagaya amma basu haɗu ba
Amsa: Kunnuwa
32 Tambaya: ‘‘Yar tsohuwar gidanmu kullum wanka
Amsa: Randa
33 Tambaya: Abu siriri siriya abu da ginar ƙasa
Amsa: Fitsari
34 Tambaya: Taƙarna ba ƙashi ba
Amsa: Kanwa
35 Tambaya: Baba na ɗaka gemu na waje
Amsa: Hayaƙi
36 Tambaya: Shirin ba ci ba
Amsa: Baba
37 Tambaya: Icce gidana innuwa gidan wani
Amsa: Budurwa
38 Tambaya: Kai na laɓe ba ka shigowa?
Amsa: Gambu
39 Tambaya: Tsumunjiyar kan hanya fyaɗi yaro fyaɗi babba
Amsa: Yinwa
40 Tambaya: Na yi ‘yar sanwata kowazzo sai ya iza
Amsa: Tuntuɓe
41 Tambaya: Salame doguwa da duwatsu
Amsa: Goruba
42 Tambaya: Shimil ƙasa ba saye
Amsa: Kashi
43 Tambaya: Jan guru gagara sarki ɗauka
Amsa: Garwashi
44 Tambaya: Abu ɗan ɗil ya sa mai gari
kuka
Amsa: Barkono/yaji
45 Tambaya: ‘‘Yar tsohuwar gidanmu kullum tanke da gaba
Amsa: Darni
46 Tambaya: Akushin baba gagara suɗi
Amsa: Kududdufi
47 Tambaya: Ɗan baka a bayan suri
Amsa: Farce
48 Tambaya: ‘‘Yar ƙaramar dabba da suna uku
Amsa: Kyanwa
49 Tambaya: Ga gaɓa ga gaɓa zomo ya bi ya
wuce
Amsa: Tusa
50 Tambaya: Ɗan oga da ƙaton tumbi
Amsa: Kwando
4.0 SAKAMAKON BINCIKE
Wannan bincike ya gano cewa akwai hasashen cewa nan da ‘yan shekaru masu
zuwa,idan ba a yi hattara ba wannan fanni na azancin magana wato kacici-kacici
yana iya yin ɓatan dabo; wato a nemesa arasa. Ganin wannan ne binciken yai ƙoƙarin zaƙulo wata hanya da za a bi domin a farfaɗo da wannan fage na azancin magana kacici-kacici.Hanyar kuwa ita ce ta
kundace shi don gudun ɓacewarsa kwatakwata.
5.0 KAMMALAWA
Sakamakon wannan bincike ya yi daidai da hasashen binciken tun farko, na
cewa akwai alamu da ke nuna cewa kacici-kacici na iya salwanta nan da ‘yan
shekaru masu zuwa; matsawar ba a yi wani hoɓɓasa ba akai. Duba
da babu wasu rubuce-rubuce masu yawa da na ci karo da su a kan kacici-kacici.
Don haka, akwai buƙatar masu ruwa da tsaki wato masana da
manazarta harshen Hausa da su zage dantse wajen ganin an haɓɓaka tare da kundace wannan fage na adabin baka don ganin
haƙa ta cimma ruwa.
MANAZARTA
Muhammad, Y.M.(2015). Adabin Hausa, Ahamadu Bello University Press Samaru
Zaria
Yahayya, I. Y. da Ɗangambo A.(1986).Jagoran Nazarin Hausa,
Northern Nigerian
Publishing Company Limited.
Ɗangambo, A. (2011). Rabe-raben Adabin
Hausa(Sabon tsari) K. d. g. Publishers.
Owomoyela, O. (1996).
Yoruba riddles in Oral Literature. Research in African Literatures, 27 (3),
41-52.
Zarruk et al (1990). Sabuwar Hanyar
Nazarin Hausa Ibadan: University Press.
Dr. A. M Bunza da Malumfashi I.A
(2000). Pivotal Teachers Training Programme
National
Teachers’ Institute, Kaduna.
Umar, M.B. (1980), Adabin baka don
makarantu: Zariya; Hausa Publishers Centre, p.o. Box 675.
2 Comments
Wani abune fari kamar ruwa baki kamar tukunya namiji yana amfani dashi so uku a rana mace so daya tak a rayuwarta
ReplyDeleteAn ce ƙabari ne.
Delete1. Fari idan mutum ya yi aikin ƙwarai.
2. Baƙi idan mutum ya yi aikin banza.
3. Namiji na iya zuwa binne mamaci koyaushe, da safe ko da rana ko da dare.
4. Mace takan je kabari ne kawai lokacin da Allah ya yi mata cikawa aka kai gawarta.
ENGLISH: You are warmly invited to share your comments or ask questions regarding this post or related topics of interest. Your feedback serves as evidence of your appreciation for our hard work and ongoing efforts to sustain this extensive and informative blog. We value your input and engagement.
HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.