Takardar ƙara wa juna sani da aka gabatar a ajin ALH 400: Seminars, a Sashen Nazarin Harsuna Da Al’adu, Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau, Nijeriya, (2022/2023 Academic Session).
Manufofin Gwamnati A Kan Noman Shinkafa Don Cigaban
Tattalin Arzikin Kasa
DAGA
TUKUR ADAMU
KIBDAU: tukuradamu@yahoo.com
LAMBAR: 08069338202
TSAKURE
Wannan muƙala
ta Bincike tayi bayani ne a kan ɓangaren al’adu. Hakama ko a cikin al’adun a
ɓangaren sana’o’i ne
binciken ya wakana kuma binciken ya wakana ne a kan sana’ar noma. Haka ma
binciken ya yi bayani a kan manufofin gwamnati a kan noman shinkafa don cigaban
tattalin arzikin ƙasa.
Haka kuma a cikin
binciken an samar da hanyoyin da za’a iya bi domin ƙara
haɓaka noman shinkafa
ta hanyar yin amfani da kayayyakin zamani na noma da suka shafi,
Tarakta,Galemanin Zamani masuamfani da man gas da fetur domin bunƙasa
aikin noma. Haka ma daga cikin hanyoyin da ake bi domin Bincike ko gudanar da
Bincike akwai, ta hanyar yin amfani da littafai, kundayen Bincike, mujallu,
tattaunawa da jami’an noma da ɗeɗekun jama’a masu
aikin nomad a ma masu sana’ar noma domin ƙara samun hanyoyin
da yakamata abi domin bunƙasa ƙasa.
Hakama a cikin muƙala
an gano irin yadda noman shinkafa yake haɓɓaka tattalin arzikin da bunƙasa
sa, da ma samar ma al’umma da abinci a cikin ƙasa.
FITILUN KALMOMI
A cikin wannan muƙala
za’a fahimci cewa fitilu a cikin su ne
gwamnati kanta domin ita gwamnati ta zama uwa ma ba da mama ga kowa kuma ginshiƙin
a cikin ƙasa domin akwai abubuwa waɗanda gwamnati kaɗai za ta iya
tsarawa a bisu kamar su dokar farashin a ƙasa,sawo kayayyakin
aikin noma kuma a sayar ma manoma a cikin farashi mai sauƙi
domin bunƙasa tattalin arzikin ƙasa da samar da
isasshen abinci a cikin ƙasa.
Haka ma ita
shinkafa akanta fitila ce domin sai an samar da irraruwan ta domin
shukawa,wanda yake ko da an samar takin zamani domin zubawa, ba za’a zuba ba in
babu shinkafar. Haka ita shinkafar it ace za’a sayar domin bunƙasa
tattalin arzikin ƙasa, tare da samar da abinci a cikin ƙasa.
Haka ma shi kansa
tattalin arziki yana daga cikin manyan fitilun kalmomi domin kacokam muƙala
tayi bayani ne ko Bincike a kan manufofin gwamnati a kan noman shinkafa don
cigaban tattalin arziki ƙasa. Anan wannan Bincike ya nuna yadda tattalin arzikin
ya zama babbar fitila a cikin wannan muƙala da Bincike da
aka gudanar don cigaban haɓaka tattalin arzikin ƙasa, da samar da
abinci a cikin ƙasa.
1.0
GABATARWA
A cikin wannan muƙala
mai Bincike a kan, manufofin gwamnati akan noman shinkafa don cigaban tattalin
arzikin ƙasa, aiki ne da za’a binciko manufofin
gwamnati na haɓaka noman shinkafa
domin bunƙasa ƙaruwar tattalin arziki a cikin ƙasa.
Haka kuma duk a
cikin wannan Bincike za’a gano dabarun yadda ake gudanar da Bincike da
muhimmancisa a cikin haɓaka ko bunƙasa
noman shinkafa domin bunƙasa tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Haka ma wannan
Bincike zai binciko ma’anar gwamnati ma’anar
noma, ire-iren noma lokuttan da ake gudanar da noma gudumawar gwamnati wajen
bunƙasa noman shinkafa,matsalolin da ake samu wajen aiwatat
da noman shinkafa da hanyoyin da za’a bi domin magance matsalolin noman
shinkafar kansa. Daga ƙarshe za’a kamala tare da
bada shawarwari ga ita kanta gwamnati da sauran al’umma
da kawo manazarta.
DABARUN BINCIKE
A wannan ɓangaren mai Bincike
zai yi amfani da hikimomi dabaru wajen aiwatar da bincike a cikin natsuwa.
Misali, a wannan muƙala ta manufofin gwamnati a kan noman shinkafa don
cigaban tattalin arzikin ƙasa mai bincike zai yi amfani da dabarun Bincike kamar
haka
(i)
Ta
hanyar mujallu da ƙasidu
(ii)
Ta
yin amfani da binciken littafai dam asana suka wallafa.
(iii)
Ta
hanyar dabarar yin Bincike a cikin kundayen digiri daban-daban da ɗaliban ilimi suka
gabatar ko suka rubuta.
(iv)
Ta
hanyar yin Bincike wajen masana aikin noman shinkafa a karance da kuma aikace.
(v)
Ta
hanyar zuwa Bincike a ma’aikatun nomad a muke da su a cikin jaha daban-daban.
Duka
waɗannan hanyoyin ne
da dabaru na gudanar Bincike musamman a cikin fanni na sana’ar noma. Haka ma ta
hanyar kai ziyara ta gani da ido duk dubaru ne da yakamata a bi domin samun
nasara a wajen aiwatar da binciken sa.
2.0
MANUFOFIN GWAMNATI
A KAN NOMAN SHINKAFA
Don cigaban
tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Manufar gwamnati a kan noman shinkafa shi ne don
cigaban arziki da bunƙasa abinci a cikin ƙasa.
2.1 MA’ANAR GWAMNATI
Gwamnati wani tsari
ne da ake tafiya akai don mulkar ko kuma shuwagabantar wata ƙungiya
ko gungun al’umma.A tsarin tafiyar da shugabantar al’umma musamman ma tsarin gwamnati ya haɗar da gungun ‘yan majilisu wato masu tsarawa da zartarwa. A wata ma’anar sunce:’’ gwamnati na
nufi wata hanya ce ta jagorancin gari ko jaha da kuma jama’ar dake cikinsa ko
cikin ta’’.
Ƙamusun
Hausa. (2015) ya bayyana ma’anar gwamnati da cewa, ita ce hukumar ƙasa
ko jaha.
Dr. A.A Ujo (1994)
a nasa littafin mai suna (citizenship in Nigeria) ya bayyana wamnati da cewa
‘’wata hanya ce da jaha ko ƙasa ke bi domin cimma manufofinta.
Agboye et al (2001)
a cikin littafinsu mai suna: exam focus government for WASSCE and SSCE’’ suna
ganin gwamnati a matsayin wata hanya da ake bi domin samar da dokokin ƙasa
ko jiha a kuma yi amfani da su wajen jagorancin jama’a.
Garba, B.M da
Alhaji, A.S (2016) a littafinsu mai suna ‘’citizenship educations for Nigerian
student sun bayyana ma’anar gwamnati da cewa: wani tsari ne da ake bi domin
samar da dokoki da matakai na tafiyar da rayuwar jama’a ko al’umma jiha’’.
Waɗannan su ne wasu
ma’anoni da aka samar haɗi da ra’ayoyin wasu
masana a kan abinda ya shafi ma’anar gwamnati.
2.2 MA’ANAR NOMA
Kusan muce ma ko
wane Bahaushe ya iya noma ya kuma san yadda ake yin shi, Nomad a kiwo duk suna
nufin abu ɗaya ne a ma’anar da
ilimin zamani ya samar. (Hausa paper, may-june 2015)
Noma shi ne shukawa
tare da renon abinda aka shuka har zuwa girbinsa.
Noma ya kasu kasha
biyu
(i)
Noman
damina
(ii)
Noman
rani
Noman damina: shi
ne wanda akafi yi. Ana yinsa a lokacin da aka samu ruwan sama.Dazarar manomi ya
fahimci ƙaratowar rowan sama sai ya share gonarsa, sannan yakai
takin gargajiya.Dazarar ance rowan sama ya faɗi sai a tanadi iri da sauran kayan
aiki kamar su galma da kalme da hawayya da magirbi da sauransu. Wasu kuma sukan
yi sare ne suyi shuka. Bayan sati biyu da yin shuka sai a shiga noman farko, sannan
kuma bayan wani lokaci a sake yin noman wato maimai musamman ma noman shinkafa.
Kayan aikin sana’ar
sun haɗa: fartanya (hawaya)
garma,magirbi, sungumi da adda d.s.
Noman Rani: noma ne
wanda yake da wahala da kuma kasha kuɗi da yawa.Ana yin noman rani a madatsar
ruwa ko a fadama, inda akan yi lambu ayita ban ruwa haka ma ana iya fahimtar
cewa noman rani noma ne da ake yin shi a lokacin rani bayan ɗaukewar ruwan sama.
Haka ma shi noma rani anfi yinsa ne a wurare da ruwa suke wadatattu kamar ƙoramu,
da madatsun ruwa da kuma masu yin rijiyoyi na zamani ko rafi da sauransu.
Daga cikin abubuwan
da ake nomawa lokacin rani sun kunshi:yalo,yauɗi, (kuɓewa)masara,karas, rake albasa,
tumatur d.s. A ra’ayoyin wasu masana ga me da ma’anar noma akwai irinsu.
Zainab da wasu (2017)
a kundin Bincike mai ta ken:nazari a kan yadda ake noman rake a ƙasar
Hausa.
Sun ce ‘’Noma
sana’a ce da masana ilimin tarihi suka haƙiƙance
da cewa it ace sana’ar farko a tarihin duniya.Ba ma tarihin ƙasar
Hausa da kuma Hausawa ba, wannan sana’a ce tsahuwa mai ɗinbin tarihi ga
al’ummar Hausawa, sana’a ce da ta jiɓanci kwart ƙasa ko kuma ƙwalƙwalar
ƙasa
domin shuka tsabar hatsi a lokacin damina ko rani domin a samu yabanya mai
albarka domin aci a sha ayi sutura a kuma tallafi juna dangane da abubuwa da suka
shafi rayuwar Bahaushe ta yau da kullum.
Habib Alhassan da
wasu a cikin littafinsu mai suna ‘’zaman Hausawa’’ sun bayyana cewa ‘’Noma shi
ne tonon ƙasa a fitar da amfaninta ta hanyar zafe ta da zankaɗe tad a yin
shuke-shuke a bayanta. Ta nan ne ake samun tsirrai iri naci da na tsotsa, da na
yin amfani. Sun ƙara da cewa ‘’Noma wata tsirfa ce
daɗaɗɗiya wadda mutane ke
yi da kansu tun shekaru aru-aru da suka gabata ko suka wucce.
2.3 MA’ANAR NOMAN SHINKAFA
Shinkafa wata abuce
mai matuƙar muhimmanci a rayuwa ɗan adam.A yan babu wata ƙabila
ko wani nau’in mutane dab a su yin amfani da ita a
matsayin abinci,wannan yana nuna duk ƙasashen duniya babu
ƙasar
dab a ayin amfani da shinkafa a matsayin abinci.
Ma’anar noma
shinkafa:wani noma ne wanda ake yi ga shekara sau biyu wato noman damina dana
rani, kuma noman shinkafa wani noma ne wanda ke buƙatar
kayan aiki kamar irin su:taki zamani maganin feshi d.s.Kuma noma ne mai buƙatar
wurin mai dausayin sanyin ruwa.
3.0
MATSALOLIN BINCIKE
AKAN NOMAN SHINKAFA
Kamar yadda aka sani
cewa komai akace ansamu nasara to kuwa ba’a rasa cin karo da ‘yar matsala ko ya
ta ke, musamman ma aikin day a shafi Bincike. Haka ma ita wannan sana’a ta noma
tana da matsaloli da take fama das u musamman ma wannan noma na shinkafa.
Dagacikin matsalolin da wannan noma yake fama dasu na noman shinkafi sun haɗa da
(1) Matsalar kudi
(2) Matsalar ƙasar
noma
(3) Rashin isasshen
ilimi
(4) Rashin abubuwan
safarar kayan gona sun haɗa da
(i)
Rashin
abubuwan hawa
(ii)
Lalacewar
hanyoyi
(iii)
Tsadar
kawo kayan gonar kasuwa ko gida
Dasauran matsalolin
da noman shinkafa yake fuskanta.
3.1 MUHIMMANCI NOMAN SHINKAFA
Kamar yadda aka
sani cewa noman shinkafa nada matuƙar muhimmanci,
musamman a rayuwa mutane ta wannan zamani da muke ciki ta son hutawa, musamman
wajen saukin sarrafa abincin da muke ci yau da kullum haka ma daga cikin
muhimmanci noman shinkafa akwai
(i)
Samar
da abinci
(ii)
Bunƙasa
tattalin arzikin yanki
(iii)
Bunƙasa
tattalin arzikin jaha
(iv)
Bunƙasa
tattalin arzikin ƙasa.
Haka ma muhimmancin
noman shinkafa tamkar magani ne a asibiti, kamar samun cigaba dakuma sauƙin
aikin noman ta samun sababbin dabaru daban-daban da kuma magunguna ta fuskar
gyaran gona, feshi kashe haki kafin shuka, da maganin feshin hana hakki fitowa
bayan an yi shuka da kuma samar da iraruwa masu aure kamar su
(i)
Irin
yar farisa
(ii)
Irin
yar china
(iii)
Irin
‘yar zaƙama
(iv)
Irin
‘yar beru
(v)
Irin
‘yar kwana d.s
Haka ma idan muka
duba zamuga cewa noman rani dana damuna yana da mutuƙar
muhimmanci ga rayuwar al’umma saboda idan muka lura da kyau zamu ga
cewa duk hanya ce mafi sauƙi, sai wadda aka zaɓa za a bi don samar
da abinci isasshe ga al’umma da dabbobi.
4.0
SAKAMAKON BINCIKE
Kamar yadda bayanai
suka gabata a baya wannan muƙala mai bayani a kan manufofin
gwamnati a kan noman shinkafa don cigaban tattalin arzikin ƙasa.
Dangane da wannan,
Bincike ya gano muhimmanci noman shinkafa a cikin yanki da kuma ƙasa,
domin binciken ya gano cewa noman shinkafa yana da matuƙar
amfani wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin ƙasa da samar da
abinci a cikin yanki da jaha dama ƙasa baki ɗaya.
Haka ma binciken ya
gano akwai matsalolin da noman shinkafa ya ke fuskanta wanda ya shafi matsalar
isasshen ilimi, matsalar ƙasar noma,matsalar kudi, rashin abubuwan safarar kayan
gonad a dai sauransu.
4.1 SHAWARWRI
Shawara muhimmiyar
abu ce, domin Hausawa ma na cewa:‘’mai shawara aikinsa baya ɓaci’’wannan karin
Magana da Hausawa suka yi tabbas haka ta ke.
Shawara ta farko d
azan bayar it ace zuwa ga gwanati da ta daure ta ƙara ƙoƙarin
da ta ke yi a riƙa ɗaukar nauyin wasu mutane ta hanyar shirya ma su muƙaladomin
ƙara
wayar masu da kai a kan sha’anin noman shinkafa
da wasu hanyoyin da za’a bi domin ƙara haɓɓaka sha’anin noman
shinkafa a cikin yankuna da ƙasa baki ɗaya.
Haka ma tare da ƙara
bada shawara ga ita kanta gwamnati da ta ƙara kaso a cikin
kasafin kuɗi domin taimakawa
wajen samar da isassun kayan aikin noman shinkafa waɗanda suka haɗa da takin
zamani,maganin feshi,motocin nomad a kuɗaɗen na gudanar da noman da sauran su.Sai
kuma ƙarin wata shawara ga su kansu al’umma
da su tashi tsaye su taimaka ma ita kanta gwamnati ta hanyar taimaka ma juna
musamman masu hannu da shuni, ta hanyar bada rance domin yin noman da sauran
su.
Shawara ta ƙarshe
zuwa ga har wayau ita gwamnati da ta riƙa taimakawa ɗalibai ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyin wasu
dalibbai tana tura su wasu makarantu daban-daban domin nazarin harshen
Hausa.Kasancewar Harshen Hausa bai bar kowane fanni na tafiyar da rayuwa ba.
Allah ya yi mamu
jagora ya taimake mu, amin.
5.0
KAMMALAWA
Sakamakon wannan
Bincike na manufofin gwamnati a kan noman shinkafa don cigaban tattalin arziki ƙasa
yana nuna irin yadda noman shinkafa yake taimakawa wajen samar da abinci a
cikin ƙasa.Haka ma wannan muƙalar bincike tana
nuna irin gudunmawar da noman shinkafa yak e bayarwa wajen bunƙasa
tattalin arzikin ƙasa da samar da aikin yi a cikin al’ummar
ƙarsa
Haka sakamakon Bincike
yana nuna irin yadda yakamat gwamnati ta ƙara taimakawa wajen
samar da musamman wuraren da za’ayi amfani da su
domin ƙara bunƙasa noman shinkafa a cikin ƙasa.
Dafatar ɗan abin da aka ji
zai yi amfani.
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