Table of Contents
- Tsakure
- 1.1 Harshen Hausa
- 1.2 Tsarin Sauti a Hausa
- 2.1 Ma’anar Zaurance
- 2.3 Yadda Tsarin da dabarun Zaurance
- 2.3.1 Magana da sauri
- 2.3.2 Saka ɗ a wasu sababbin ga ɓ o ɓ i
- 2.3.3 Sakay a ma’anar zance
- 2.3.4 Rukunin mamallaka
-
2.3.5 Isar da sa
ƙ
on cikin nisha
ɗ
i
-
3.1
Misalan
Zaurance a aikace
-
3.1.1 Zaurancen saka
ɗ
a “Da”
- 3.1.2 Zaurancen saka ɗ a “Wala”
-
3.2 Ala
ƙ
ar Tsarin Sautin Hausa da Zaurance
-
3.3 Tsarin ga
ɓ
ar
kalma a Hausa
-
3.4 Saka
ɗ
a ga
ɓ
ar
kalma a zaurance
- 4.1 Muhimmancin Zaurance
- 5.1 Kammalawa
- References
Citation: Abdullahi, M.S. (2024). Nazarin Tsarin Sauti a Wasu Zaurance Na Hausa. Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture, 3(1), 315-321. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i01.036.
Nazarin
Tsarin
Sauti
a Wasu Zaurance
N
a
Hausa
Muhammad
Sulaiman Abdullahi
Sashen
Koyar Da Harsunan Najeriya
Jami’ar
Bayero, Kano
msabdullahi.hau@buk.edu.ng
+234 806
5846 225
Tsakure
Zaurance yana
ɗ
aya daga cikin azancin da harshen Hausa ya yi fice da su
wanda matasa musamman mata suke amfani da shi wajen sakaya zance ta hanyar
sauya masa wasu fitattun kamannin da aka san shi da su a harshe.
Hikima
ce da
ɗ
a
ɗɗ
iya a adabin al’ummar Hausawa wadda matasa suke amfani
da ita a harshen Hausa domin isar da sa
ƙ
wanninsu ba tare da wata matsala ba. Azanci da hikimar
z
aurance suna da ala
ƙ
a da ilimin tasarifi da
kuma ilimin tsarin sautin Hausa. Wannan takarda ta yi
ƙ
o
ƙ
arin bibiyar
z
aurance
a al’adar Hausawa da kuma ala
ƙ
arsa da ilimin tsarin sautin Hausa. Takardar ta
bayyana cewa lallai
z
aurance
wata hikima ce ta harshe wadda harshen Hausa ya yi fice da ita. Kasacewar
z
aurance
ya shafi adabin baka na Hausa kai tsaye, amma takardar ta fito
da wasu
muhimman
lamuran tsarin sauti, kamar sa
ɓ
a
ƙ
a’idar tabbatattun ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
in
kalmomin Hausa ta hanyar wasu ‘yan
ƙ
are-
ƙ
are da ake yi a kan ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
in a
yayin samar da shi. Haka kuma, akwai alamar
ƙ
ara saurin magana,
wadda takan taimaka wajen cikarsa.
Muhimman kalmomi
:
Zaurance,
Tsarin Sauti, Azanci, Harshen Hausa
1.1 Harshen Hausa
Harshen Hausa
ɗ
aya
ne daga cikin muhimman harsunan da ake sadarwa da su a fa
ɗ
in duniya, musamman a nahiyar Afirka. Harshe ne na
kasuwanci da ilimi da fasaha, wanda ya
ƙ
unshi fasahohi da dama da rubuce-rubuce da yawa wa
ɗ
anda suke
ƙ
ara kwarzanta shi a idon duniya. A
hasashen wannan bincike za a raba
ƙ
asashen da suke amfani da Hausa zuwa matakai guda uku.
Mataki na farko su ne
ƙ
asashen
da suke da asalin al’ummar Hausawa kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna. A nan za a ga
cewa, al’ummar Hausawa sun fi yawa a
ƙ
asashen Najeriya da Nijar, wanda tarihi ya nuna wa
ɗ
annan
ƙ
asashe su ne tushen
ƙ
asar Hausa.. Sai kuma mataki na biyu, su ne
ƙ
asashen da ke kewaye da wa
ɗ
annan
ƙ
asashe kamar
ƙ
asashen Ghana da Kamaru da Chadi da Mali da Senegal da
kusan dukkanin
ƙ
asashen
Afirka ta yamma. Mataki na uku na
ƙ
asashen da suke magana da harshen Hausa bayan wa
ɗ
annan da aka bayyana a baya, su ne, kusan dukkanin
ƙ
asashen duniya, musamman
manyan
ƙ
asashe,
da ma
ƙ
anana,
za a tarar al’ummar Hausawa sun shiga wa
ɗ
annan
ƙ
asashe sun fantsama, ko
dai a dalilin ilimi ko kuma fatauci ko sauran al’amuran cirani.
Al’ummar
Hausawa, mutane ne da suka shahara da kasuwanci da kuma neman ilimi.
A yanzu harshen Hausa yakan shiga cikin harsuna mafiya
muhimmanci guda 10 a duniya, ta fuskar yawan al’umma da fa
ɗ
a
ɗ
a, wanda
wannan yakan
ɗ
ora shi a matsayin harshen farko a nahiyar
Afirka. Bunza (2019) ya bayyana cewa akwai masu magana da harshen Hausa kusan
adadin mutum miliyan 150 a fa
ɗ
in
duniya, wanda idan aka ha
ɗ
a da
masu koyon harshen a yau, adadin zai iya ninka haka.
1.2 Tsarin Sauti a Hausa
Tsarin Sauti, fannin nazari ne da ake bayyana yadda
sautukan kowane harshe suke da yadda ake samar da su da kuma yadda za su iya kasancewa
a muhallai daban-daban. Wannan fannin ya
ƙ
unshi wasu muhimman sassa guda uku
, Sani
(2005);
1)
Tsarin sautin furuci da
fatar baki
2)
Ala
ƙ
ar sauti da ji (kunne)
3)
Ilimin awon sauti
Dukkanin wa
ɗ
annan
fannoni sun
ƙ
unshi
abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi sauti da yadda ake samar da furuci har
ɗ
an’adam ya ji shi ya kuma fahimce shi. Wasu daga cikin
wa
ɗ
annan fannoni ana karantar su a fahimce su
a
ɗ
akunan gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya ko kuma ta
hanyar amfani da kwamfuyutoci da manhajoji ko ma a ha
ɗ
a duka
, Abdullahi (2019, sh.5).
Fannin nazarin Tsarin Sauti ya yi fice a duniya a harsuna
daban-daban, kuma fannin yana taimakawa wajen samuwa da daidaitar wasu
fasahohin zamani da ake amfani da su a yau, kamar fasahar na’urorin kwamfuyuta
da yadda za a koya musu magana, da wayoyin hannu da yadda suke
ɗ
aukar sauti da karanta magana da fasahar AI, wato
ƙ
ir
ƙ
irarriyar basira, wadda ake amfani da ita
wajen
ƙ
o
ƙ
arin maye gurbin tunani da
ayyukan
ɗ
an’adam ta na’urori, da sauran fannonin
fasahar cigaban zamani da yawa.
Haka kuma akwai rubuce-rubuce da aka yi da yawa na ilimi
game da wannan fanni, tun daga littattafai da ma
ƙ
aloli da kundayen digiri, har ma da manyan
kundaye na manyan digirin PhD, wa
ɗ
anda
fitattun masana suka rubuta a
ɓ
angaren
ilimin Tsarin Sauti a Hausa.
2.1 Ma’anar Zaurance
Rabi’u (1986), da Yahaya (1992), sun bayyana zaurance a
matsayin wata hanya da yara suke wasa da harshe domin nisha
ɗ
i da kuma samun
ƙ
warewa gami da isar da wata
ɓ
oyayyiyar ma’ana a tsakaninsu. Haka kuma sun nuna cewa
akan yi amfani da wannan dabara wajen gano wanda ya yi nasara a tsakanin yara
gami da bayar da wani lada ga wanda ya yi nasara, ko kuma wani nau’i na u
ƙ
uba ga wanda bai yi nasara
ba. A ta
ƙ
aice, zaurance
wata dabara ce ta sakaya ma’ana da sauya fasalin zance wadda matasa suke amfani
da ita domin isar da sa
ƙ
wanninsu
a tsakaninsu cikin gwaninta da nuna
ƙ
warewar fahimtar harshe. Duk da cewa zaurance da
ɗ
a
ɗɗ
en
azanci ne a tsakanin al’ummar Hausawa, amma marubuta da yawa sun fi mayar da
hankali game da takwarar zaurance, wato
ƙ
arangiya, wadda ita ma dabara ce da ake amfani da ita
wajen koyon iya lallan
ƙ
wasa
zance a harshe. Haka kuma shi azancin
Ƙ
arangiya ana samunsa a harsuna da yawa na duniya, ta
yadda za ma a iya samun
Ƙ
arangiya a cikin dukkanin harasan duniya, idan aka duba
yadda ake samar shi.
Amma shi kuwa
z
aurance,
wannan bincike ya lura da cewa ba kowane harshe ba ne na duniya yake iya samar
da wannan fasaha da azanci. Misali, ana samun
ƙ
arangiya a harsuna biyu da suka fi tasiri sosai a kan
harshen Hausa, wato Ingilishi da Larabci, amma kuma wannan bincike bai sami
misalin
z
aurance ko
ƙ
waya
ɗ
aya
ba a cikin wa
ɗ
annan harsuna.
Don haka, yawancin rubuce-rubucen da aka ci karo da
su, rubuce-rubuce ne da suke bayyana yadda ake amfani da
ƙ
arangiya wajen koyar da masu koyon harshe yadda za su
la
ƙ
anci wannan harshe,
misali akwai Ayom (1987), Luo (2014), Arnott (1957), Ayom, (1987), Luo (2014).
A harshen Hausa, zaurance abu ne da
ɗ
a
ɗɗ
e,
amma ba a ba shi muhimmanci ba sosai a fagen nazari. Sai dai duk da haka,
malamai sukan sanya shi a cikin tsarin koyarwa musamman ga yara ‘yan sakandire,
ta yadda ake kawo misalai domin koyar da yara yadda za su
ƙ
ware a harshe.
2.3 Yadda Tsarin da dabarun Zaurance
Zaurance yana da tsari, kuma ya
ƙ
unshi wasu dabaru da ake amfani da su a
yayin samar da shi. Wa
ɗ
annan dabaru kuwa sun ha
ɗ
a da;
1)
Magana da sauri
2)
Saka
ɗ
a (sa
ƙ
andami)
wasu sababbin ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
i
3)
Sakaye ma’anar zance
4)
Rukunin mamallaka
5)
Isar da sa
ƙ
o cikin nisha
ɗ
i
2.3.1 Magana da sauri
A daidai lokacin da masu amfani da zaurance suke
shirya zancensu, sukan
ɗ
an
ƙ
ara saurin maganarsu domin zancen ya
ƙ
ara wahalar ganewa, sai dai zuwa ga wanda
ake maganar dominsa. Haka kuma
ƙ
arin
wasu sabbin ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
i da
ake yi a cikin zaurance, yakan sanya zancen ya fi sauran magana ta yau da
kullum yawa, don haka akwai bu
ƙ
atar
a
ɗ
an
ƙ
ara saurin magana domin a iya isar da sa
ƙ
on a kan lokaci.
2.3.2 Saka ɗ a wasu sababbin ga ɓ o ɓ i
Tsarin kalmomin Hausa ya ginu ne a kan wasu fitattun
ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
in
kalma sanannu. Wa
ɗ
annan ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
i na harshen Hausa su ne kamar haka:
a-
BW
b-
BWW
c-
BWB
A tsarin zaurance, akan
ƙ
ara sabuwar ga
ɓ
a ne
a cikin ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
in da
ake da su a kalma, kuma yawanci an fi
ƙ
ara ga
ɓ
ar BW
da BWBW, sai dai kuma akan samu wata sabuwar ga
ɓ
a mai
ɓ
ur
ɓ
ushin
BWB. Dalilin haka kuwa shi ne, ita wannan ga
ɓ
a,
asalinta BW ce wadda aka
ƙ
ara,
amma a sakamakon
ƙ
warewa
da yadda ake tsara zancen, ga
ɓ
ar
takan naso ba
ƙ
in
gabar da ke biye, kamar yadda za a gani a cikin misali mai zuwa;
Za mu
zo
1
a
– Za
da mu da zo da
1
b
– Za
dam mu daz zo da
A misalin sama, za a ga asalin maganar kamar yadda
take a harshen Hausa a 1, sannan kuma da yadda take komawa a zaurance da aka
saka
ɗ
a ga
ɓ
ar
“da” a misali na 1
a
, sai kuma yadda salon
ƙ
warewa yakan sa wannan ga
ɓ
a ta naso wasu daga cikin ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
in da
suke biye da ita kamar yadda aka gani a misali na 1
a
.
Don haka za a iya cewa tsarin saka
ɗ
a ga
ɓ
a a
zaurance yana tafiya da wasu fitattun ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
i kamar haka;
1)
BW
2)
BWBW
3)
BW(B)
Tsarin zaurance zai iya
ɗ
aukar
wasu fuskokin da yawa, don haka da wahala a iya iyakance irin azancin da
ɗ
an’adam zai iya ha
ɗ
awa a
cikin zaurance.
2.3.3 Sakay a ma’anar zance
Babbar manufar zaurance ita ce
ɓ
oye ma’ana. Don haka masu yin zaurance, sukan yi shi
da
ɗ
an sauri-sauri ta yadda za su
ɓ
oye asalin kalmomin da suke fa
ɗ
a, kuma ko da wani ya ji kalmomin, to ma’anar abin da
suke nufi za ta
ɓ
uya daga gare shi, domin an hargitsa
kalmomin daga asalin tsarinsu da aka san su a harshe. Haka kuma, duba da
yanayin yadda
ƙ
wa
ƙ
walwa take iya sarrafa zance, kafin mutum
ya kai ga fahimtar abin da wata kalma take nufi, an furta wata kalmar. Saboda
haka, lokaci ba zai ba
i
wa mai saurare damar
jejjera kalmomin a
ƙ
wa
ƙ
walwa har
y
a
fahimce su cikin sau
ƙ
i ba.
Har’ilayau, masu yin zaurance sukan saka ita wannan ga
ɓ
a a matsayin wata dabara ta
ɓ
oye zancensu daga wanda ba ya cikin rukunin wa
ɗ
anda ake so su fahimci wannan zance. Wato kenan, shi
zaurance yana bu
ƙ
atar
wani rukuni na musamman na al’umma da su ka
ɗ
ai
ne
suke
fahimtar ma’anar abin da aka fa
ɗ
a,
wanda ba
ya cikin wannan rukunin ba zai ta
ɓ
a fahimta ba, sai bayan tsawon lokaci, ko kuma bayan
an fahimtar da shi.
2.3.4 Rukunin mamallaka
Wa
ɗ
annan
su ne wani taron jama’a, musamman matasa wa
ɗ
anda
shekarunsu ba su wuce tsakanin shekaru 14 zuwa 19 ba. Za a iya samun zaurance a
ƙ
asa ka
ɗ
an ko sama ka
ɗ
an da
wa
ɗ
annan shekaru, musamman ma a shekarun
samartaka. Dalili kuwa shi ne, masu yin zaurance sun riga sun gama iya magana
da harshe, sun koyi dukkanin wani siddabaru da harshen ya
ƙ
unsa
;
a
cikin sau
ƙ
i za
su iya mammal
ƙ
waya
shi, su sassaka
ɗ
a abubuwan da suke so su saka
ɗ
a, domin su
ɓ
atar
da wanda ba ya cikinsu.
Ba a fiye samun magana da zaurance a tsakanin manyan
mutane ba, domin manya sun fahimci rayuwa da sanin cewa
ɓ
oye zance ta wannan hanyar za ta iya ba
ƙ
antawa wanda ba a so ya gane, su kuwa
matasa ba dole ba ne wannan ya dame su.
2.3.5 Isar da sa
ƙ
on cikin nisha
ɗ
i
Isar da sa
ƙ
on cikin nisha
ɗ
i da
ƙ
warewa da iya sarrafa harshe yana daga
cikin muhimman dabarun da suke sa wa mata su yi amfani da salon zaurance. Iya
sarrafa sautukan harshe kuwa
,
suna
taimaka
wa
mai koyon harshe da ma wanda ya
ƙ
ware a cikin harshen wajen sarrafa furuci
mai sar
ƙ
a
ƙ
iya.
3.1
Misalan
Zaurance a aikace
Akwai misalan zaurance a cikin maganganun Hausawa da
kuma wasu daga cikin irin ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
in da ake
ƙ
arawa. Irin wa
ɗ
annan
ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
in kalmar
da ake saka
ɗ
awa a cikin magana domin samar da zaurance
sun sha bamban tsakanin wani rukunin mamallaka zuwa wani. Amma akwai fitattun
ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
in da
ake amfani da su wa
ɗ
anda aka riga aka san su a
ƙ
asar Hausa sosai, wasu kuma,
ƙ
ara fa
ɗ
a
ɗ
a bincike ne zai iya fito da su. Ga wasu daga cikin ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
in;
3.1.1 Zaurancen saka
ɗ
a “Da”
A wannan nau’i
n
a
zaurance, akan saka
ɗ
a ga
ɓ
ar
“da”, kamar yadda za a gani a misali masu zuwa.
2)
a-
Yadaroda yada cida adabindacida
b- Yáaròo
yá
a
cí abincí
A misalin
2
a da
ke sama, za a ga j
u
mlar “yaro ya ci
abinci”, j
u
mlar da take
ɗ
auke
da kalmomi hu
ɗ
u, wato
,
yaro
da ya
da ci da
kuma
abinci
. Amma kalmar farko
wadda take da ga
ɓ
a
biyu,
ta komai mai ga
ɓ
a
hu
ɗ
u, wato daga BWBW zuwa BW(BW)BW(BW), saboda
ƙ
arin da aka yi wa ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
in kalmomin
da sa
ƙ
andamin
“da - BW”.
Don haka za a iya amfani da wannan salo a cikin zance
wanda yake da tsayi, wato cikakkiyar magana ko hira, kamar yadda matasan suke
aiwatar da maganganunsu da suaran hirarrakinsu na rayuwa a cikin zaurance. Ga
misali na
gaba
.
3)
a- Wadatada
radanada munda jeda madakadarandatada saida mudakada gada wadasuda badakida
sunda shidagoda dodaminda tatdataudanada madatsadalodalinda idalidamida ada
madakadarandatardamuda. Ada cidakinda bada
ƙ
inda nanda adakwaida mandayanda mudatadaneda wada
ɗ
andadada sudakada hada
ɗ
ada
madazada dada madatada. Munda yida murdanada
ƙ
wadaraida dada jinda idarinda adabinda dada sudakada
zoda dada shida. Kudamada muda mada munda yida niydayarda kodayonda idarinda
wandananda hadalinda kirdakida nadasuda. Munda kodayida dadabida’arda
taidamadakonda alda’umdamada dadagada wadajendasuda.
b-
Wata ráanáa mun jée makaranta
a
sai
muka ga wasu bá
a
ƙ
i
i
sun
shigo
o
do
o
min
tattauna matsalo
o
lin ilimi
i
a
makarantarmu. A cikin bá
a
ƙ
in nan akwai manyan mutá
a
né
e
wa
ɗ
anda suka ha
ɗ
a
a
mazá
a
da má
a
tá
a
. Mun
yi murna
ƙ
warai
da jin irin abin da suka zo
o
da
shi
i
. Kuma mu
u
má
a
mun
yi niyyar ko
o
yon irin wannan há
a
lin
kirki ná
a
su. Mun kó
o
yi
ɗ
abi’ar taimakon al’umma
a
daga
wajensu.
3.1.2 Zaurancen saka ɗ a “Wala”
A wannan nau’in zaurance kuma, ana saka
ɗ
a ga
ɓ
ar
“wala”, ga misalai kamar haka;
4)
a- Suwalanawala
zuwalawawala mawalakawalaranwalatawala awala kanwala lowalakawalaciwala.
b-
Sunáa zuwa makaranta a kan lóokaci.
5)
a- Niwala
zawala kawala cewala wawala bawala niwala dawala wawalayowala? Towala
walwalalawalahiwala zawala kawala sanwala wanwaladawala kawala gawalayawala
wawala mumwalamuwalanarwala mawalagawalanawala iwalarinwala wanwalananwala
dowalaminwala niwala mawala aiwala bawala kanwalawarwala lawalasawala bawala
newala, kuwalamawala karwala tawala sanwala karwala awala ciwalakinwala
harwalakarwala nanwala. Donwala hawalakawala dukwala awalabinwala dawala
awalakawala yiwala minwala saiwala nawala rawalamawala.
b- Ní
i
zá
a
ka cé
e
wa bá
a
ni
da w
aa
yó
o
? Tó
o
wallahi
zá
a
ka san wanda ka gaya
a
wa
mummunar magana
a
irin wannan do
o
min ní
i
má
a
ai b
aa
kanwar lá
a
sá
a
ba
ne
e
, kuma kar tá
a
san
kar a cikin harkar nan. Don haka duk abin da aka yí
i
min
sai ná
a
rá
a
ma
a
.
Ba za a iya
ƙ
ayyade adadin sa
ƙ
andaman da masu zaurance su
ke
iya
kawowa ba. Masu zaurance za su iya kawo ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
i mabambanta iri-iri wa
ɗ
anda
za su isar da sa
ƙ
on da
ake so na zaurancensu.
3.2 Ala
ƙ
ar Tsarin Sautin Hausa da Zaurance
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya, tsarin ga
ɓ
ar Hausa ya yi tasiri wajen samar da ala
ƙ
a tsakanin zaurance da tsarin sautin Hausa.
A nan za a kawo misalan yadda wannan ala
ƙ
a take musamman ta fuskar saurin sauti da kuma ga
ɓ
ar kalma
3.3 Tsarin ga
ɓ
ar
kalma a Hausa
Zaurance yana da ala
ƙ
a ne ta kai tsaye da tsarin ga
ɓ
ar kalma a tsarin sautin Hausa, sai kuma yadda ake
ɗ
an
ƙ
ara
saurin magana domin a
ƙ
ara
samar da hanyar sakaye zance da kuma yin sa a kan lokacin tun da an
ƙ
ara wa zancen adadin ga
ɓ
o
ɓ
i da
ƙ
arin tsayi a kan tsayinsa na asali.
Ita ga
ɓ
a a
kalma tana nufin dukkanin inda mai magana zai iya tsayawa ya huta. Za a iya
ɗ
aukar ga
ɓ
a
kamar ga
ɓ
ar rake, wato wani wuri ne da yake kamar
maha
ɗ
i na wannan kalma, domin haka ga
ɓ
a ma wuri ne da yake tamkar maha
ɗ
i a jikin kalma. Amma a ilimin tsarin sautin Hausa, za
a iya
ƙ
arawa
ga
ɓ
a ma’ana da cewa ita ce ha
ɗ
uwar ba
ƙ
i da wasali ko ba
ƙ
i da dogo wasali ko tagwan wasali, ko kuma ba
ƙ
i da wasali da ba
ƙ
i (BW/BWW/BWB) har su bayar da wani sauti
mai ma’ana mai zaman kansa. Кamusun Cambridge ya bayyana ga
ɓ
a da cewa;
“a single unit of
speech, either a whole word or one of the parts into which a word can be
separated, usually containing a
v
owel”,
A wata ma’anar
ƙ
amusun ya
ƙ
ara cewa:
“a single unit of
speech, in English usually containing a
v
owel,
consisting of either a whole word or one of the parts into which a word is
separated when it is spoken or printed”.
A
wannan bincike, za a iya
bayyana ga
ɓ
ar kalmar Hausa da cewa, shi ne wurin da mutum
zai iya tsayawa ya huta a cikin kalma, wanda yakan
ƙ
unshi ba
ƙ
i da wasali ko ba
ƙ
i da wasali da ba
ƙ
i, kamar yadda za a nuna a
misalai. A harshen Hausa ga
ɓ
a ta
kasu zuwa kashi biyu, bu
ɗ
a
ɗɗ
iya da rufaffiya, ga bayaninsu kamar haka:
Bu
ɗ
a
ɗɗ
iyar ga
ɓ
a
: wannan
ga
ɓ
a ta kasu zuwa gida biyu, ta
ƙ
unshi gajeriya da doguwa.
Bu
ɗ
a
ɗɗ
iyar ga
ɓ
a gajeriya ita ce ga
ɓ
ar da ta
ƙ
unshi ba
ƙ
i da wasali kawa. Ana wakiltarta a rubuce da – BW –. Sai
kuma ta biyu ita ce bu
ɗ
a
ɗɗ
iyar ga
ɓ
a
doguwa, wadda ita kuma ta
ƙ
unshi ba
ƙ
i da dogon wasali ko kuma ba
ƙ
i da tagwan wasali.
Ana
wakiltarta a rubuce kamar haka – BWW –. Ga misalansu kamar haka;
a-
B+W = Ba
b-
B+WW = Baa/Bai
Rufaffiyar ga
ɓ
a:
ita kuma ga
ɓ
a ce wadda take farawa da ba
ƙ
i kuma ta
ƙ
are da ba
ƙ
i a karshenta. Ita wannan ga
ɓ
a, dole ne a magana ta yau da gobe, ta
ƙ
unshi gajeren wasali, domin dogon wasali ba
ya shiga cikinta, sai dai a tsarin zancen da ya kauce kar
ɓ
a
ɓɓ
iyar
ƙ
a’ida ko kuma yake nuna shau
ƙ
i. Ana nuna wakilcin irin wannan ga
ɓ
a kamar haka;
B+W+B.
3.4 Saka
ɗ
a ga
ɓ
ar
kalma a zaurance
A tsarin sauti, saka
ɗ
a
wani sabon sauti abu ne sananne a wasu muhallai domin cimma wani yanayi na
samar da sauti. Akan saka
ɗ
a sautin wasali ko ma ba
ƙ
i a wasu wurare domin samar da wasu
sautukan.
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya, a
zaurance, cikakkiyar ga
ɓ
a ake saka
ɗ
awa
wadda shigarta yakan sauya fasalin zancen zuwa wani abu da ba kowa ba ne zai
iya ganewa sai wanda ya san me ake magana a kai. Misalan inda ake saka
ɗ
a wasali a kalmomin Hausa shi ne a cikin kalmomin aro
domin su dace da yanayin furucin kalmomin harshen Hausa. Misali;
a-
Table – Tebur
b-
Cable – Kebur
c-
Le
v
el –
Lebur
d-
Candle – Kyandir
e-
Bundle – bandir
f-
Android – andiroy
A zaurance, kuwa, akan
ƙ
ara cikakkiyar ga
ɓ
a ne
guda
ɗ
aya ko biyu, ko ma fiye, domin samar da
yanayin zancen da mamallaka zaurancen suke so su yi amfani da shi.
4.1 Muhimmancin Zaurance
Zaurance yana da muhimmanci sosai
a
tsakanin al’ummar Hausawa, kuma musamman
a wajen masu yin sa.
Wasu daga cikin muhimmancin da zaurance yake
ɗ
auke
da su, sun ha
ɗ
a
taimaka
wa
wajen
ɓ
oye ma’anar abin da ake magana a kai ga
wanda ba ya cikin rukunin masu zaurance.
Yakan
ba wa masu magana da shi damar la
ƙ
antar magana da harshen da jujjuya shi yadda suke so.
Haka kuma, z
aurance yana ba wa masu
amfani da shi damar zama hazi
ƙ
ai
masu
ƙ
ir
ƙ
irar azanci, ta yadda duk wanda ya iya wani
nau’in zaurance, to zai iya fahimtar wani nau’in ko da kuwa ba nasa ba ne a
cikin sau
ƙ
i.
Haka
kuma, zaurance yana
ƙ
ara
nuna hikimar ta ke tattare da harshen Hausa, ta yadda za a ga cewa harsuna da
yawa ba su da wannan fasaha ta zaurance a cikinsu.
5.1 Kammalawa
Zaurance yana cikin hikimomi da fasahohi da azancin al’ummar
Hausawa wanda hikima ce da matasa suke amfani da ita domin sakaye zancensu ta
yadda wanda ba ya cikin rukuninsu ba zai fahimci abin da suke fa
ɗ
a ba. Akwai lamuran da suka shafi tsarin sautin Hausa
a cikin zaurance musamman tsayin zance da kuma ga
ɓ
ar
kalma. A yau, zaurance yana
ƙ
ara
ɓ
acewa daga cikin al’ummar Hausawa, musamman ma a
birane. Domin binciken nan ya gano cewa, yawancin wuraren da ake amfani da
zaurance a yanzu sun fi yawa a karkara,
a yay
in
da
kuma da yawa daga cikin mazauna birni ba ma su san shi ba.
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(
https://arabiconline.eu/can-you-say-these-arabic-tongue-twisters/
)
(
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/tongue-twister
)
(
https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaZaurance.html#gsc.tab=0
)
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