Abubuwan Da Ke Ciki
Daga
Isa
Yusuf Chamo
Cibiyar
Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar
Bayero, Kano
1.1 Gabatarwa
Fim abu ne mai gajaren tarihi idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran ɓ angarori na adabin zamani. Misali wa ƙ a da rubutun zube. A wajen Hausawa wasan kwaikwayo shi ne tushen samuwar finafinan bidiyo na Hausa, domin shi aka fara aiwatarwa a dandali kafin a sami na’urar ɗ aukar hoto ta majigi wadda daga baya kuma aka sami gidajen talabijin da na’urar bidiyo da ake amfani da ita a yau. Dangane da fim wanda aka fara aiwatarwa a harshen Hausa kuwa shi ne “Baban Larai”. Abdul ƙ adir (1988: 24).
Finfinan
Hausa na bidiyo kuwa, an fara samun su ne daga shekarar 1980 zuwa 1984.
Sakamakon irin ho
ɓɓ
asar
da
ƙ
ungiyoyin
marubuta litatttafai da na wasan kwaikwayo na dandamali da na wasan motsa jiki
(kareti), suka fara jarraba shiryawa. A shekarar 1990
ƙ
ungiyar Tumbin Giwa ta shirya wani
fim mai suna Turmin Danya. To sai kuma a shekarar 1994 suka sake shirya fim
ɗ
in
“Gimbiya Fatima”. Kamfanin Gidan Dabino ya shirya In da so da
Ƙ
auna
a 1994. Samuwar wa
ɗ
annan
finafinai da wasunsu shi ne ginshi
ƙ
in da ya ba wa kamfanoni da
ƙ
ungiyoyin
ƙ
asar nan damar yin finafinan Hausa.
A wannan
takarda an yi nazari ne, sannan aka fito da nau’o’in saƙonni waɗanda ake ƙulluawa
a cikin zubin finafinan Hausa. Domin haka, manufar wannsan takarda ita ce fito
da wasu jigogi na finafinan Hausa da kuma bayaninsu tare da kafa hujjoji da
misalai daga finafinan Hausa.
1.2
Ma’anar
kalmar
Jigo
Kalmar
jigo tana da ma’anoni guda biyu wato ma’ana ta lugga da kuma wadda aka ba wani
fannin ilimi da ake kira da Larabci ‘isdillahi’.
Jigo
a luggance na nufin abin da ake amfani da shi wajen ban ruwa a lambu. Ganin
muhimmancin da jigo yake da shi wajen ban ruwa wadda idan babu shi babu ban
ruwa, ya sa manazarta suka yi amfani da
Malamai
da manazarta da kuma
ɗ
alibai sun bayyana ma’anar jigo ta lugga
ko isdilahi a rubuce-rubucen da suka yi. Alal misali:
Ɗ
angambo, (1981:6) cewa ya yi “Jigo
shi ne sa
ƙ
o
ko manufa ko abin da wa
ƙ
a
ta
ƙ
unsa,
wato abin da take magana a kai”.
Gusau
(1983:142) Ya bayyana Jigo da cewa “shi ne sa
ƙ
o wato ainahin gundarin sa
ƙ
on da wa
ƙ
a take
ɗ
auke
da shi”.
Shi
ma Muktar (1984:1) Ya ce “Jigo wani abu ne da aka yi ko kuma ake so a sadar da
wannan
ƙ
uduri
ga wani ko wasu, domin wanda aka sadarwa da wannan
ƙ
uduri ya yi aiki da shi, ko kuma ya
zamana yana sane da wannan abu shi ma”.
Buhari
(1988:26) Ya bayyana jigo da “Duk wani sa
ƙ
o ko manufa da marubuci ke so ya isar ko
ya gabatar, shi ne jigonsa. Lallai ne wanda duk ya yi irin wannan rubutu ya
zamana yana da manufa. Manufar nan ita ce ginshi
ƙ
in rubutun shi jigo”.
Sai
kuma Halima,
Ɗ
.
(2002:25) ta bayyana jigo da cewa “Madogari da madosar da ake son nusarwa ga
jama’a wadda hakan yana iya zama gyara da kuma maganganu a cikin al’umma baki
ɗ
aya
don amfanin gaba”.
Idan
aka duba za a fahimci cewa wa
ɗ
annan ma’anoni da malamai da manazarta
suka bayar kusan abu
ɗ
aya suke magana a kai, sai dai bambancin
kalmomi da zurfin za
ɓ
ensu na kowane malami ko manazarci ne suke
da
ɗ
a
fito da ma’anar ko da
ɗ
a armasa ta.
Jigo
a fim na Hausa, kai tsaye yana nufin sa
ƙ
on da aka sar
ƙ
a a zubin labari na fim. Abu ne
wanda aka yi wa mutane ishara da a kansa ake son su koyi wani darasi daga abin
da aka nuna abin nisha
ɗ
i a kansa. Haka kuma jigo ra’ayi ne wadda
manazarci zai iya bayyanawa da kare kansa ta hanyar fito da wadatattun hujjoji
daga fim
ɗ
in
da yake nazari a kai.
Muhimman
hanyoyin fitar da jigo daga finafinan Hausa sun ha
ɗ
a
da:
-
kallon
fim
-
wa
ƙ
a
-
sunan fim
i)
Kallon Fim
Kallon
fim yana nufin mai nazari ya kalli fim tun daga farkonsa har ya zuwa
ƙ
arshensa. Ta haka ne za a iya gano
sa
ƙ
on da fim
ɗ
in
yake
ɗ
auke
da shi. Wannan hanya tana
ɗ
aya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin da mutum
zai iya yanke hukunci a
ii)
Wa
ƙ
a
Wa
ƙ
a wani zance ne tsararre kuma
shiryayye da ake yi da ya bambanta daga magana ko zance na hira da ake yi domin
yabon wani ko wata ko kuma isar da wani sa
ƙ
o. Wa
ƙ
a ma hanya ce da ake iya fayyace jigo a
finafinan Hausa daga zubinta, musamman wasu daga cikin finafinan, manufarsu ba
ta fita sai ta hanyar wa
ƙ
ar
da take cikinsu. Misali a cikin fim
ɗ
in Sutura da wuya mutum ya
iya gane takamaiman jigonsa bayan ya gama kallon fim
ɗ
in,
domin
ɓ
angarori
na rayuwa da kowannensu za a iya shirya fim a kai, aka gwama su. Amma sai a wa
ƙ
ar
ƙ
arshe ne jigon ya bayyana kansa inda matan
da suka fito a cikin shirin suka bayyana matsayinsu wato na 'yar masu ku
ɗ
i
da mai kyau da kuma mace mai ilimi wadda a cikin shirin aka nuna aurenta ya fi
na sauran.
Haka
kuma, su ma kansu masu shirya fim sukan sa a rubuta musu wa
ƙ
a wadda a cikinta za ta bayyana
jigon fim kawai. (Sani Sidi Sharifai)
iii)
Sunan Fim
Sunan
fim na nufin la
ƙ
abin
da aka yi wa wani shiri wanda kuma ake kiransa da shi. Wasu finafinan
1.3 Nau’o’in Jigo a Finafinan Hausa
A
wannan
ɓ
angare
an duba yadda jigo yake fitowa a cikin finafinan Hausa. Akwai abubuwa da yawa
wa
ɗ
anda
ake gina jigon fim a kansu wa
ɗ
anda suka shafi rayuwar al’umma
daban-daban tun daga zamantakewarsu da ma’amalolinsu da dai sauran hul
ɗ
o
ɗ
in
rayuwa. An lura a finafinan Hausa a
A
wannan
ɓ
angare
kuma an zo da rabe-raben jigo a cikin finafinan Hausa tare da kawo misalai daga
finafinan da suka dace da kowanne rabo kamar haka:
1.3.1
Jigon
Ha
ƙ
uri
Haƙuri na nufin juriya da kawaici da ƙin nuna damuwa a kan wasu
abubuwan rashin jin daɗi
da kuma da-na-sani. Haƙuri halin manzon allah ne, kuma ya umarci al’ummarsa da su yi
shi. Sakamakon ƙarancinsa a zukatan al’umma ya sa masu shirya finafinan Hausa
suke shirya fim a kansa, domin tunatar da mutane sakamakon wadda yake aikata
shi da kuma illolin rashinsa, don mutane su gyara halayensu.
Misali
fim
ɗ
in
Ha
ƙ
uri
,
an shirya shi ne a
Babban
jigon wannan fim shi ne Ha
ƙ
uri
sai dai akwai
ƙ
ananan
jigogi da aka yi amfani da su wajen gina babban jigon, wa
ɗ
anda
suka ha
ɗ
a
soyayya kamar yadda ta faru tsakanin Aminu da Asma’u da zumunci kamar yadda
Lami take yawan ziyarar Asma’u da kuma cin amana kamar yadda Lami ta juya wa
Asma’u baya, lokacin da ta sami haihuwa. Sauran misalan finafinan da suke
ɗ
auke
da jigon ha
ƙ
uri
sun ha
ɗ
a
da Madadi da Ha
ƙ
uri
Magani da
Ƙ
addara
da Nagari da Duniya da kuma Umarni da sauransu.
1.3.2 Jigon Siyasa
Bisa
lugga
Ƙ
amus
ɗ
in Turanci na O
ɗ
ford,
ya fassara siyasa da cewa “hanya ce da mutane suke mulkar kansu ta dimokra
ɗ
iyya.
Mashi
(1986:16) ya kalli siyasa bisa isdillahi fuskoki guda uku. Fuska ta
farko ya fassara siyasa da cewa kalma ce ta Girkawa (politics) wadda ke nufin
salo. Fuska ta biyu da ta uku su ne wa
ɗ
anda Hausawa suka ba kalmar
“siyasa” wadda ke nufin sulhu ko sau
ƙ
i, domin ganin cewa siyasa ta kasance
hanya ta lallashi da lalla
ɓ
awa da neman goyon baya, ko kuma siyasa ta
zama yaudara da
ƙ
arya
saboda yadda 'yan siyasa kan tsara wani labari na yaudara domin neman biyan bu
ƙ
ata.
Shi
kuma Gusau (1995:13) ya bayyana siyasa da cewa “hanya ce wadda ake amfani da
hankali da lafazi mai da
ɗ
i a jawo ra’ayin mutane zuwa ga kyautata
rayuwarsu. Ta haka ne siyasa ta
ƙ
unshi tsarin tafiyar da mutane, da
matsalolinsu da ra’ayoyinsu har ta zama hanyar mulki bisa tafarkin dimokra
ɗ
iyya”.
Kuma
ta ita ne ake za
ɓ
en
shugabannin bayan kowanne shekaru hu
ɗ
u. Sannan duk finafinan da aka
shirya masu jigon siyasa suna koyarwa ne ko hannunka-mai-sanda ga 'yan siyasa
da su gyara halayensu na babakere da almundahana da dukiyar al’umma, su rungumi
adalci da kwatanta gaskiya.
Misali
fim
ɗ
in
Mahandama wadda kamfanin Mandawari enterprises ya shirya, yana da jigon siyasa
kamar yadda aka nuna a fim
ɗ
in, mun ga yadda Gwamna da sakataren
gwamnati da kwamishinoni da matayensu suke wacaka da dukiyar al’umma, ban da
wani kwamishina guda
ɗ
aya na ayyuka wato Ibrahim Mandawari. Da
kuma yadda Ibrahim Mandawari ya tsaya takarar gwamna da za
ɓ
e
ya zagayo ya kuma ci saboda kyawawan halayensa na kamanta gaskiya.
Babban
jigon wannan fim shi ne siyasa sai dai akwai
ƙ
ananan jigogi da aka gano a cikin fim
ɗ
in
wa
ɗ
anda
suka ha
ɗ
a
da soyayya kamar yadda ta faru tsakanin 'yar tsohon gwamna da
ɗ
an
sabon gwamna, da muhimmancin ri
ƙ
e
gaskiya kamar yadda kwamishinan ayyuka ya yi da kuma facaka da dukiyar al’umma
kamar yadda 'yan siyasa da matansu suka yi.
Sauran
misalan finafinan da ke
ɗ
auke da irin wannan jigo na siyasa sun ha
ɗ
a
da siyasa da Dare
Ɗ
aya
da kuma Gaskiya Dokin
Ƙ
arfe
.
1.3.3 Jigon Soyayya
Masana da
ɗalibai sun yi ta ƙoƙarin
bayyana ko bayanin ma’anar so. Sa’id B. (1982:1-6) cewa ya yi “wani ɗarsashi ne zaunanne a cikin
zukatan halittu wanda yakan bayyana a sakamakon bege ko ƙauna ko sha’awa. So yakan
sa abu ya kwanta a zuciya a ji ana matuƙar muradinsa.
Gusau
(1995:15) ya bayyana soyayya da cewa “So da ke aukuwa tsakanin masoya guda biyu
inda za su dinga
ƙ
aunar
juna, suna masu begen saduwa da juna”.
Buhari
(1988:47) ya bayyana soyayya da “wani hali ne na
ƙ
auna da mutane biyu
Sa’id
(1982:8) ya karkasa soyayya zuwa kaso shida kamar haka:
i)
Son da ke
tsakanin mutum da Ubangijinsa Mahalicci.
ii)
Son da
ake yi wa annabawa musamman annabi Muhammadu mai tsira da aminci.
iii)
Ƙ
aunar
da ke tsakanin uwa ko uba da 'ya’yansu ko kuma akasi.
i
ɓ
)
Son da mace ke yi wa namiji ko wanda namiji ke yi wa mace.
ɓ
)
Ƙ
aunar da
ke tsakanin abokai maza ko
ƙ
awaye
mata.
vi)
So irin na
ɗ
abi’a wanda
mutum yake yi wa wani abu kamar doki ko wata dabba ko makami ko wani wasa na
motsa jiki ko dai wani mutum haka don kawai ra’ayinsa.
Bayan haka Sa’id (1982:9) ya
ƙ
ara bayyana wasu sigogi na soyayya
da suka ha
ɗ
a
da:
-
Soyayya
mafificiya – wato wadda ake musayarta tsakanin masoya biyu (kana so ina so)
-
Soyayya
mafi tsarki wato wadda babu batsa a cikinta. Soyayya ce tsantsa ba tare da
tunani ko bu
ƙ
atar
saduwa ta jiki ba.
-
Soyayya
gurguwa – Wato wadda
ɓ
angare
ɗ
aya yana matu
ƙ
ar so, amma ya kasa bayyana son a
wajen namiji ko wajen mace.
-
Soyayya
mafi muni – Wato wadda
ɓ
angare
ɗ
aya kawai ke so
ɗ
ayan
ba ya so (wato yana so, ba ta so, ko tana so, shi ba ya so).
Dangane
da irin soyayyar da ake nunawa a finafinan Hausa ta shafi kaso na biyu wato
soyayya tsakanin mace da namiji da soyayya mafi muni wadda ɓangare ɗaya kawai ke so ɗayan ba ya so, da kuma
soyayyar yaudara da ake yi saboda kuɗin
iyayen mace ko namiji.
Misali
a cikin fim
ɗ
in
Kallabi da kamfanin H.R.B Production suka shirya an fito da jigon a fili
domin tun daga farko har
ƙ
arshe
soyayya kawai aka nuna a matsayin babban jigo kamar yadda Ahmad S. Nuhu ya ri
ƙ
a nace wa Maryam, ita kuma ta yi ta
ja masa aji, kafin daga baya ta ba da kai bori ya hau. Sannan
ƙ
ananan jigogin da ke cikin wannan
fim sun ha
ɗ
a
da taimako kamar yadda
ƙ
awar
Maryam ta taimaki Murtala da kuma yaudara kamar yadda 'yanmata da samarin cikin
wasan suke yi wa kawunansu.
Sauran
finafinan da suke
ɗ
auke
da jigon soyayya sun ha
ɗ
a da Dawayya da Kushu’i da
Ɗ
ansoyayya da Haya
ƙ
i da Wasila da Mujadala da
Tsumagiya da haya
ƙ
i
da Girma da Masoyiyata da Soyayya
Ƙ
aunar Zuci da In da so da
Ƙ
auna da Rana da
Ƙ
ugiya da Ciwon Ido da Isan da U
ƙ
uba da Ina son sa haka da Zabari da
Katanga da Dafi da Limza da Shara
ɗ
i da
Ƙ
amshi da Turare da sauransu.
1.3.4
Fa
ɗ
akarwa
Wannan
na nufin fa
ɗ
akar
da mutane a
Bargery,
(1934:288) ya bayyana ma’anar fa
ɗ
akarwa da “zaburar da fa
ɗ
akar
da a sa mutum ya fahimta, a sanya mutum ya gano wani abu na ha
ƙ
i
ƙ
a wanda aka rigaya aka mance”. Ya ci gaba
da cewa fa
ɗ
akarwa
takan ta da tsimin mutum”.
'Yar’aduwa
(2001:126) cewa ya yi fa
ɗ
akarwa na nufin “nusar da mutum a
Fa
ɗ
akarwa
takan shafi garga
ɗ
i
da nasiha da gyran hali da sauran hanyoyin inganta rayuwa da kuma gyara ta.
Misali
a cikin fim
ɗ
in
Jankunne an fa
ɗ
akar da mutane a
Sauran
finafinan da suke
ɗ
auke
da irin wannan jigo, sun ha
ɗ
a da Nasaba da Zarge da Aisha
da Bada
ƙ
ala
da Dangaye da Sihiri da jahilci ya fi Hausa da Jirwaye da Buri da Halak da
Tubali da Darasi da
Ƙ
auli
da Ruhi.
Daga
cikin abubuwan da finafinan Hausa kuma sukan yi garga
ɗ
i
a kansa, akwai nuni a
Misali
a cikin fim
ɗ
in
Maula mun ga yadda sakamakon mai cin amana ya kasance wato Hindatu
Bashir da
ƙ
aninta
Ali Nuhu wadda ta kai su har da bara a tiit, kuma babban jigon wannan wasa na Maula shi ne fa
ɗ
akarwa kan cin amana domin duk
sauran abubuwan da aka yi a cikin shirin an yi shi su ne domin su taimaka wajen
fito da babban jigon shirin, wato fa
ɗ
akarwa kan cin amana.
Ƙ
ananan jigogin da ke cikin fim
ɗ
in
kuwa sun ha
ɗ
a
da taimako kamar yadda Alhaji ya taimaki Ali Nuhu da yayarsa Hindatu Bashir da
Makirci kamar yadda Ciroki da Hindatu suka yi da kuma magani kamar yadda
Hindatu ta yi wa Alhaji ya saki matarsa.
Haka
zalika sauran finafinan da suke
ɗ
auke da irin wannan jigo na fa
ɗ
akarwa
kan cin amana sun ha
ɗ
a da
Ɗ
an’uwa da
Ɗ
an’adam da Mukhtar da Jinsi da Juyin Mulki
da Ruhi da Furuci da Saura
ƙ
iris
da Ayah da Sufuri da Gadar zare da sauransu.
1.3.5 Jigon Wayar da Kai
Wayar
da kai wata hanya ce da ake amfani da ita wajen sanar da mutane a
Gusau
(1995:16) Ya bayyana wayar da kai da cewa “yakan yi
ƙ
o
ƙ
ari ne ya sanar da mutane wasu abubuwa
sababbi da suke aukuwa a rayuwar yau da gobe”. Ta haka ne finafinan Hausa ke
taimakawa wajen yi wa jama’a sanarwa da fa
ɗ
akarwa da garga
ɗ
i
Misali
a fim
ɗ
in
Tsautsayin Takaba mun ga yadda aka wayar wa da 'yanmata kai wajen
soyayyar gaskiya maimakon ta ku
ɗ
i da kuma irin sakamakon da Bebi ta samu
na gamuwa da cutar
ƙ
anjamau.
Kuma babban jigon wannan fim shi ne wayar da kai, sannan akwai
ƙ
ananan jigogi wa
ɗ
anda
suka ha
ɗ
a
da cin amana kamar yadda Bebi ta yi wa Abdul da sakamakon mai kwa
ɗ
ayi
kamar yadda Bebi ta gamu da cutar
ƙ
anjamau da kuma soyayya kamar yadda aka
nuna a cikin fim
ɗ
in.
Sauran
finafinan da suke
ɗ
auke
da irin wannan jigo na wayar da kai sun ha
ɗ
a da Inuwar
Giginya
da Alheri da Linzami da Sutura da Gashin
Ƙ
uma
da Gyale da Lokaci da Fito na Fito da Sundu
ƙ
i
da
Sansani da Halacci da Sukuni da Kasko da Ki Yarda
da ni da
Ƙ
asarmu
ce
da Sadaki da Sauyi da
sauransu.
1.3.6 Jigon Bandariya
Bandariya
hanya ce da ake amfani da ita wajen sanya mutane su yi dariya da walwala da
kuma nisha
ɗ
i
wanda suke
ɗ
aukar
wani darasi ta hanyar dabara.
Bargery,
(1934:76) ya bayyana “bandariya da cewa ta samo asali daga “Bandare”
wadda
take nufin mutum mai bayar da dariya ko mai sa a yi dariya”. Shi kuma
Ibrahim M.S. (1976:104), ya bayyana bandariya da irin wa
ƙ
o
ƙ
in da 'yan gambara da 'yan
A
finafinan Hausa ana amfani da bandariya wajen isar da wani sa
ƙ
o ta hanyar wasa, wadda mutane suke
koyar da wani darasi ta hanyar nisha
ɗ
i, yawancin finafinan bandariya
Ibro ne yake shirya su, sannan ya bayyana cewa yana yin su ne domin isar da
wani sa
ƙ
o
cikin raha tun da mutane ba wa’azi suke son saurara ba. (Hira da BBC, 2003).
Misali
fim
ɗ
in
“Jahilci Ya Fi Hauka Wuyar Magani”. Babban jignsa shi ne bandariya, domin tun
daga farkon shirin har
ƙ
arshensa
jigon ya ratsa ko’ina kuma ya koyar da hanyar nisha
ɗ
i.
Akwai kuma
ƙ
ananan
jigogi da suka bayyana a cikin fim
ɗ
in wa
ɗ
anda suka ha
ɗ
a
siyasar gargajiya da illar jahilci da tafiye-tafiye.
Sannan
misalan finafinan da suke
ɗ
auke da irin wannan jigo sun ha
ɗ
a
da Ibro Mafiya da Ibro Maitsine da Ibro D.P.O. da Ibro
Siniya da Ibro
Ɗ
andaudu
da Ibro Maishayi da Kar-ta-san-kar da Ibro
Usama da
Ibro
Shata da Ibro
Ɗ
an
ƙ
waito
da Gidauniya
da Bobmai da sauransu.
1.4
Na
ɗ
ewa
Tun a farkon wannan takarda an yi
bayanin cewa fitar da jigo a finafinan Hausa ra’ayi ne, da za a iya samun
daidaito ko bambanci a tsakanin manazarta a kan wani fim da suka yi nazari a kansa .
Haka a wannan takarda an yi
hasashen wasu nau’o’in jigogi da ake iya samu a finafinan Hausa kuma aka kawo
misalansu. An yi magana a kan
jigon ha
ƙ
uri
da fa
ɗ
akarwa da siyasa
da soyayya da wayar da kai da kuma ban-dariya.
Manazarta
Abdullahi, I.I. (1998). “Nazarin
Littattafan Soyayya na Hausa”. Kundin Digiri na Biyu, Jami’ar Bayero,
Abdul
ƙ
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1, No. 1 Department of Nigerian Languages, Bayero Uniɓersity, Kano.
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.