Cite this article as: Abdullahi, I. S. S. (2020) “Tubalan Haɗin Kan Ƙasa A Tunanin Maguzawa” Nigeria In Search of Stability. The Relevance of History, Language and Religion. Proceedings of First National Conference, Faculty of Atrs and Islamic Studies, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. Pages 464–469 ISBN: 978-978-58566-5-1
Tubalan
Haɗin Kan Nijeriya A Tunanin
Maguzawa
Ibrahim
Abdullahi Sarkin Sudan
Abstract
Every society
has its peculiarities of problems like conflicts, crisis and disagreements that
usually obstruct development and promote disintegration among the people. Some
few individuals ideologies offered solutions to such problems which are
regularly employed to a point of becoming generally accepted in that particular
society. With time, the accepted ideologies form the basis for sustainable
development and unity in the society. In this paper, some Maguzawa’s
traditional practices which actually added value to their peaceful coexistence
and unity were critically studied with a view of becoming part of solutions to
the existing problems of disintegration and mistrust in Nigerian societies.
1.0 GABATARWA
Al’ummomi da yawa a wannan
zamani suna fuskantar barazanar wargajewa haɗin kai. Ta fuskar
zamantakewa, za a fahimci mutane da yawa sun ɗauki ɗabi’ar
kowa kansa kawai ya sani. Ba ruwansa da abin da ya shafi dangi ko maƙwabta, balantana
sauran jama’a da ake zaune tare. Da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da mutane
suke yi na alheri ko na ci gaban al’uma, suna yin shi ne don samun wani
sakamako nan take kamar son girma, yabo, ɗaukaka ko wata
bukata ta musamman. Tunanin a haɗa kai a yi wani
abin da zai taimaka wajen samun sauƙin warware matsala ya fara
dushewa a zukatan mutane. Wannan shi ne babban dalilin halin da muka wayi gari
a ciki na rashin tsaro, rashin ci gaba, da kuma rashin haɗin
kai musamman a al’ummar Hausawa.
Manufar wannan nazari shi ne
a dubi yadda Maguzawa suke aiwatar da wasu al’adu nasu na gargajiya da tunanin
ya zama darasi a wannan zamani. Tunanin da ake yi a nan shi ne, waɗannan
al’adu suna da nasaba da samar da haɗin
2.0 MAGUZAWA
Bitar ayyukan da suka gabata
zai iya wadatarwa a
3.0 AL’ADUN MAGUZAWA MASU ALAƘA DA HAƊIN KAI DA TAIMAKON JUNA
Kamar yadda fasalin da ya
gabata ya nuna, duk da kasancewa Maguzawa ba wani saukakken addini suke da shi
ba, wasu al’adun da suke gudanarwa suna taimaka musu wajen tabbatar da haɗin kan ƙasa da taimakon juna. A ilmance, idan da za a dora
waɗannan al’adu a mizanin inganci wajen warware
matsalolin da ake fuskanta a wannan ƙasa, to babu ko
shakka za a ga ingancinsu. Haka kuma za su iya samar da wata mafita musamman ga
halin da ake ciki a wannan ƙasa. Wannan fasali zai waiwayi kaɗan
daga cikin waɗannan al’adun.
3.1 Gàyyá
Ƙamusun Hausa (2006) ya bayar
da ma’anar da Kalmar Gàyyá wadda ake magana a
3.2 Auren Jaruntaka
Maguzawa suna da wani nau’in
aure da yake da alaƙa da jaruntaka. Jaruntaka a nan yana nufin mutum
ya yi fice wajen duk wani aiki da ya danganci ƙarfi kamar noma,
farauta, kokuwa da dai sauransu. Maguzawa suna sha'awar jarumi kuma suna
alfahari da kasancewar mutum jarumi. Wannan ya sa suke sha’awar haɗa
zuri’a da jarumi. Abin alfahari ne da farin ciki ga iyayen 'ya mace su bayar da
ita ga wani gwarzo ta fuskar noma ko farauta ko kokuwa. Tunaninsu a nan shi ne
zai iya riƙa ta da kare mutuncinta yadda ya kamata. Haka
kuma, ba a tunanin samun haihuwar raggo daga cikin wannan zuri’ar. Al'umma tana
la'akari da zarumawan da kan yi fice a lokacin noman gayya ko
noman gandu, ko farauta ko yaƙi da dai sauransu. Ko da ya
kasance irin waɗannan samarin da suka yi fice
ba su da ra'ayin mace, danginta ko iyayenta sukan ba shi shawarar ya neme ta su
ba shi kai tsaye. Haka kuma, idan daga cikin maneman mace akwai jarumin da ya
yi fice, to akan fi karkata gare shi ta hanyar ba yarinyar ƙwarin gwiwa ta
fitar da shi a matsayin mijin da za ta aura. Idan kuma ya kasance a wani buki
aka fahimci jaruntakar saurayi to magabata suna iya ba shi matar aure kai tsaye
daga zuri'arsu. Wannan al’ada kamar wata sakayya ce ga wanda ya yi fice ga abin
da al’uma take alfahari da shi. Shi kuma wannan aure da aka yi bisa wannan
dalili tamkar wani sanadari ne na haɗin
3.3
Kaciya
A taƙaice, kaciya ko
kwidu ko shayi na nufin yanke loɓar azzakarin
namiji. A al’adance, Maguzawa ba su ware yaro shi kaɗai a gida a yi
masa kaciya. Yawanci akan
3.4 Nomar
Gandu
Maguzawa suna da al’adar noman gandu. Noman gandu, noma ne da duk ilahirin mutanen gida (’ya’ya maza da mata da ba su yi aure ba, da matan aure da matan ’ya’ya da jikoki) za su taru a gonar maigida a noma ta gaba ɗaya. Irin wannan taron dangi da ake yi wa gona ba tare da ƙyashi ko kasala ba dole ya haifar da sakamako mai kyau, musamman da yake ana yin noman ne ta hanyar sha’awa da jin daɗi da alfahari. Wannan al’ada ta taimaka wa Maguzawa wajen riƙe sana’ar noma da samun yalwar abinci wanda ya zama ƙalubale a wannan zamani. Haka kuma al’adar ta samar da wata hanya ta haɗin kai a cikin zuri’a wanda ta yadda ake haɗuwa a waje ɗaya ana ƙara danƙon zumunci da fahimtar juma. Wannan wani darasi ne a wannan zamanin inda akan wayi gari za a yi shekara da shekaru ‘ya’yan gida ɗaya ba su haɗu ba. ‘Ya’yan ‘yan’uwa ba su san junansu ba. Wannan yana cikin dalilan da suka sa har yanzu ana samun kyakkyawar fahimtar juna da haɗin kai a al’umar Maguzawa.
3.5 Zumuncin
Sana’o’i
Maguzawa suna da al’adu
masu ban sha’awa dangane da sana’o’insu waɗanda suka kasance tubalai ne na taimakon juna, haɗin kai
da gina ƙasa. Sun yi ƙoƙari
ainun wajen samar da fahimtar juna da taimakekeniya. Noma dai ita ce sana’a
mafi muhimmanci da farin jini da ɗaukaka a wajen Maguzawa. Baya ga noma, sana’ar ƙira ma tana da mahimmanci ga Maguzawa. Wannan bai rasa
nasaba da alaƙar da ke
tsakanin sana’o’in guda biyu. Wato noma ga Bamaguje ya dogara ne ga kayayyakin
da maƙera ke ƙerawa. Wannan muhimmuncin na sana’ar ƙira shi ya tilasta wasu daga cikin Maguzawa suka ɗauki ƙira a matsayin sana’a. Zumuncin da ake samu na waɗannan
sana’o’i a wajen Maguzawa shi ne ba lallai ne sai Bamaguje yana da kuɗi ƙasa kafin ya mallaki wani kayan aikin da maƙeri ya ƙera ba.
Haka ma babu bukatar dole sai an biya kuɗin gyaran galma da sauransu. Idan babu halin biya kai
tsaye akan biya da amfanin gona a lokacin kaka. Kusan kowane Bamaguje da maƙerinsa. Idan aka yi girbi za a cire hatsin maƙeri ta la’akari da taimakon da ya ba manomi a lokacin da
yake bukata ba tare da ya karɓi ko sisi ba. Haka abin yake da sana’ar aski. Maguzawa
sukan bukaci Wanzami wurin yin aski da gyaran fuska da yin tsagar gado da cire
belu, da kaciya, da yin ƙaho da
kuma adon da akan yi wa jikin ‘yan mata (Jarfa). Amma duk waɗannan ba
sai Bamaguje ya ajiye kuɗi ƙasa ba. Ana biya ne a
lokacin da aka cire amfanin gona. Kamar yadda aka cire wa maƙeri haka shi ma wanzamin gida za a cire masa dami ko
damma gwargwadon ƙarfin
maigida. Manomi ya amfana da wanzami da maƙeri a lokacin da yake da matuƙar bukata ba tare da ya biya ba. Su kuma sun amfana da
manoma ta hanyar tara hatsi mai yawa baya ga abin da suka noma. Haka kuma akan
sami wasanni na barkwanci a tsakanin masu gudanar da sana’o’i daban-daban wanda
kan ƙara sanar da haɗin kan
juna a tsakaninsu. Wannan taimakekeniya, hikima ce da ta kuɓuce wa
rayuwar mutane musamman a wannan zamani. Idan da za a ɗauke shi a matsayin darasi, to da an warware matsalolin
haɗin kai da taimakon juma da ma babban abokin gaba wato talauci.
4.0 NAƊEWA
A wannan nazari, an waiwayi
wasu al’adu na Maguzawa waɗanda aka sami tabbacin cewa, sun taimaka musu ƙwarai da gaske wajen samar da haɗin kai da taimakon juna. Waɗannan al’adu sun daɗe suna wanzuwa a tsakanin Maguzawa wanda fa’idojinsu suka
sa aka sami nagartacciyar al’umma wadda suke alfari da ita. Kowane daga cikin
waɗannan al’adu idan da za a koyi darussan da suke koyarwa a wannan zamani, da
ko shakka babu za a kau da lalaci, da ƙeta da son kai, da sata, da dai makamantansu. Za su taimaka wajen ci gaban ƙasa, da haɗin kan al’umma waɗanda suka nesanta ga jama’a, kuma ake marmarinsu a
zukatan mutane, amma suka kasa samun wurin zama. Ana sha’awar al’umomin da
suka ginu a
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