Citation: Idris, Z.B. & Tukur, B. (2024). Salon Roƙo a Wasu daga Cikin Waƙoƙin Sa`idu Faru. Four Decades of Hausa Royal Songs: Proceedings from the International Conference on the Life and Songs of Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, 3(3), 339-342. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i03.047.
Salon Roƙo a Wasu daga Cikin Waƙoƙin Sa`idu Faru
Daga
Zahraddeen Bala Idris
zbidris@fudutsinma.edu.ng
08036793221
Hausa Department, Federal University,
Dutsin-Ma
Da
Bilkisu Tukur
btukur@fudutsinma.edu.ng
08035982242
Hausa Department, Federal University,
Dutsin-Ma
Tsakure
Wannan takarda ta yi
yinƙurin bincikar yadda
ake amfani da harshe wajen roƙo
a wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin Sai`du Faru.
Hanyoyin tattara bayanai da wannan bincike yi amfani da su sun haɗa da juyar waƙoƙin daga murya zuwa
rubutu don nuna yadda ake roƙo
a waƙoƙinsa. Ra`in da
binciken ya yi amfani da shi shi ne ra`in nan na Communication Accommodation
Theory (CAT) wanda aka aka fassara da daidata sadarwa tsakanin masu magana.
Binciken ya gano yadda makaɗa Sa`idu Faru yake
amfani da roƙo kai tsaye da kuma
roƙo a fakaice wajen
cimma muradin waƙoƙinsa.
Gabatarwa
Sadarwa
hanya ce ta isar da saƙo
a tsakanin al`umma musamman wajen bayyana manufa da cimma buri ko kuma isar da
wani saƙo
zuwa ga al`umma. Wannan hanya ta ƙunshi
dabaru da sigogi da dama da mutane suke amfani da ita wajen bayyana kansu.
Roƙo ya ƙunshi neman taimako
ko agaji ko biyan buƙatar
wani abu daga wajen wani ta kowace hanya. Mutuƙar al`umma sun wanzu
a waje to lallai akwai buƙatar
yin magana ko neman taimako daga wani zuwa wani. Wannan ya ƙunshi isar da saƙo daga mai magana
zuwa wanda ake magana da shi, wannan ya sa wanda ake magana da shi zai yi matuƙar ƙoƙari wajen biyan buƙatar wanda ya nemi
agajinsa ko taimakonsa.
Roƙon baka, Ɗangambo (1984:63) ya
siffanta shi da, “Yabon da maroƙi ke yi wa
gwaninsa ta hanyar yabonsa da kyawawan halaye, asali, kyauta, ko addini.”A cikin
roƙon baka ake faɗin
maganganun da za su daɗaɗa wa
wanda ake yi wa roƙon rai, ko kuma su fifita
shi bisa sauran jama’a wanda wannan ka iya motso shi ya yi wa maroƙin kyauta ta ban mamaki.
Roƙo a tsakanin al`ummar Hausawa ya ƙunshi hanyoyi da dama
waɗanda ake amfani da su
wajen neman taimako, ya daganta da abubuwa guda uku kamar haka:
Mai magana: Mai maganar ya danganta ya kasance
babba ne ko yaro ko kuma shi ne a sama da wanda ake magana da shi. Idan mai
magana shi ne babba to akwai buƙatar
a yi roƙon
cikin girmamawa.
Wanda ake magana da
shi: Wanda ake magana da shi
ya kasance shi ne a ƙasa
ko kuma ya zama a sama. Idan wanda ake magana da shi shi ne yaro to roƙon zai kasance kai
tsaye ba tare da an nuna girmamawa ba saboda a nan akwai iko da kuma matsayi na
fifiko a tsakaninsu.
Wajen (muhallin)
maganar: Wannan ya ƙunshi wajen da ake
magana a kansa. Muhalli yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar zance ko kuma bayyana
matsayi. A nan idan ya kasance wanda yake neman taimako shi ne a sama ko kuma
shi ne babba, kuma muhallin maganar ya kasance yana ƙarƙashin ikon wanda ake
magana da shi, to a nan akwai buƙatar
ƙasƙantar da kai ga wanda
ake magana da shi don buƙata
ta biya.
Masana da dama sun gabatar da rubutu
masu yawa a wannan fage daga ciki akwai, Almajir (2017: 606) ya bayyana zance
ko tattaunawa wata hanya ce da ta ƙunshi
yadda mutane suke zantawa ta hanyar isar da saƙo a tsakaninsu.
Tattaunawa ta ƙunshi
mayar da hankali a kan abubuwa kamar rubutu, hira ta tsawon lokaci (maganganu
na baka).
Binciken ya tabbatar cewa, baya ga
muhallin magana sai kuma duba lokacin magana da masu isar da saƙon suka yi amfani da
shi yana taimakawa wajen gano ma`anar abin da suka faɗa a muhallin maganar.
Chamo (2014:84) ya bayyana tasirin
hanyoyin sadarwa a tattaunawa ko zantuka a cikin finafinan Hausa. Wannan
binciken ya kawo hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin miji da mata a finafinan Hausa na
zamani. Binciken ya tabatar da cewa yadda mata suke isar da saƙo a finafina ya saɓa wa al`adar Hausawa ta kunya wajen
magana da mai gida. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon tasirin baƙin al`adu na Turawan
Yamma da suke kwararowa cikin finafinan zamani.
Wannan takarada ta yi nazarin yadda
makaɗa Alhaji Sa`idu Faru
yake amfani da harshen Hausa wajen roƙo a cikin waƙoƙinsa. Daga nan wannan
bincike ya yi nazarin hanyoyin da makaɗa Sa`idu Faru yake bi wajen isar da saƙonsa ga iyayen
gidansa sarakuna da masu hannu da shuni wajen yin roƙo cikin dabara kamar
yadda ya zo a wasu zaɓaɓɓun waƙoƙinsa.
Hanyoyin Gudanar da Bincike
Wanna bincike ya yi amfani da hanyar
bayani wajen bayyana yadda makaɗa Sai`du faru yake
isar da saƙo
ta hanyar roƙo
a wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinsa. Sannan an yi
amfani da waƙoƙin makaɗa Sa`idu Faru wajen tantace hanyar da
ya bi wajen yin roƙo
a cikin waƙarsa.
Haka kuma an yi amfani da waɗannan hanyoyi kamar
haka:
i.
Sauraron
waƙoƙin
ii.
Juyar su
zuwa rubutu
iii.Fito da
hanyoyin roƙo a waƙoƙinsa.
Ra’in
Bincike
Ra`in da aka yi amfani da shi wajen
wannan bincike shi ne na Communication
Accomodation Theory (CAT) wanda aka fassara da, Daidata Sadarwa Tsakanin
Masu Magana. Wannan ra`i ya ta`allaƙa wajen duba daidaito ko saɓani da daidata sadarwa musamman ta fuskar
matsayin da ake ba shi a cikin al`umma.
Wannan ra`i an yi amfani da shi wajen
duba yadda makaɗa Sa`idu Faru yake
amfani da daidaiton matsayin wanda yake yi wa roƙo a wasu daga cikin
waƙoƙinsa.
Harshen Roƙo A Mahangar Wasu Waƙoƙin Sa`idu Faru
Wannan ɓangare ya waiwayi wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin Alhaji Sa`idu Faru
domin nuna yadda ya yi amfani da harshe wajen roƙo a mahangarsa. Daga
ciki akwai waƙoƙi kamar haka:-
Waƙar Turakin Argungu
Wanan waƙa ce da Alhaji Sa`du
Faru ya yi wa Turakin Argungu, kuma ya yi amfani da kalmomin roƙo a cikin waƙarsa, sai dai roƙon ya yi shi ne ta
hanyar hikima da fasaha wato roƙo
a fakaice. Misali wajen da yake cewa:
Shi ka ba ka mota ka shiga
ya ba naira wajjen ɗari biyar
Don ka aje kana kwasar
hetur ɗ2
In kana biɗar riga
wadda at ta kirki ka zo gun Turakin Argungu,
In kana biɗar doki
wanda an na kirki ka je gun Turakin Argungu,
In kana biɗar bawa
wanda an na kirki ka je gun Turakin Argungu,
In ka na biɗar jakki
wanda an na kirki ka je gun Turakin Argungu.
(Faru: Waƙar Turakin Argungu)
A wannan waƙa makaɗa S`idu Faru ya yi amfanin da roƙo ne a fakaice wajen
Turakin Argungu domin neman wani abu a wajensa. Haka kuma ya nuna halin kyauta
yadda Turaki yake kyauta ga hadimansa ko kuma duk wanda ya je neman taimako
wajensa. Irin waɗannan kyaututtuka da
yake yi kyauta ce ta musamman kuma mai inganci ga duk wanda ya karɓa.
Waƙar Galadiman Kano
Wannan waƙa ce da Alhaji Sa`du
Faru ya yi wa Galadiman Kano. A cikin wannan waƙa Sa`idu Faru ya yi
amfani da kalmomin roƙo
a fili ga Galadiman Kano. Kamar yadda yake cewa:
Amadu cikani azani ka ba ni
kuɗi in tai
haji,
In dawo bisa marsandi ina
rabsar kiɗi,
In don kiɗin barkak
ka da kaya ba
ba na zuwa ko Moriki.
(Faru: Waƙar Galadiman Kano).
Wanna waƙa tana bayyana yadda Sa`idu
Faru yake nuna halin dattako na Galadiman Kano da kuma nuna yadda yake taimaka
wa mutane ta ɓangarori
da dama. Sannan ya bayyana yadda Galadima yake kyautata kowane ɓangare
kamar a wannan waƙa ya nuna
yadda zai ba shi kuɗi ya tafi
haji, sannan idan ya dawo ya ba shi marsandi yana rabsar kiɗi.
Waƙar Muhammad Sarkin
Kudu.
Haka kuma a wata waƙa da ya yi wa Alhaji
Muhammadu Sarkin Kudu. Sai dai a wannan waƙar makaɗa Sa`idu Faru ya wasa Sarkin Kudu kuma
ya yabe shi a wannan waƙar
har yake kamun kafa da Nana Uwar Daje. Kamar yadda ya zo a ɗan waƙar kamar haka:
Ya yi mutum ɗan sarki,
Kuma ya aza bawan sarki,
Sai ya yi mutum mai iko,
Kuma ya aza mai roƙo nai,
Albarkar nana uwar daje
bani mato Muhammad Sarkin da kyau.
(Faru: Waƙar Muhammadu Sarkin Kudu).
Wannan waƙa ce ta Muhammadu
Sarkin Kudu. A nan, makaɗa Sai`du Faru ya yi
amfani da roƙo
kai tsaye ga Muhammadu Sarkin Kudu, ya nemi ya ci albarkacin Nana Uwar Daje a
ba shi mota.
Waƙar Mahamman Ɗan`Abdu
Bayan hakan, akwai kuma wadda Sa`idu
Faru ya yi wa Alhaji Muhammadu Ɗan`Abdu
ita ma a cikin wannan waƙa
Sa`idu Faru ya yi amfani da kalmomin roƙo a fili inda yake roƙon Muhammadu ɗan`Abdu a cikin waƙar kamar yadda yake
cewa:
Ni dai roƙon nay yi
ma Mamman ɗan Abdu,
Ni dai roƙon nay yi
ma Mamman ɗan Mamman,
Ka sai mani mota Fijo fikab
ko ko marsandi ɗ2
In dai kab ba Sa`idu mota
tai yak kama,
Su ko yara uban kiɗi ba kowa
CG.
(Faru: Waƙar Mamman ɗan Abdu)
Dangane da wannan waƙa ta Muhammadu Ɗan`abdu ce kuma Saidu
Faru ya yi roƙo
a wannan waƙa kai tsaye ko kuma ƙarara cewa roƙonsa a sai masa mota,
sannan kuma ya ba da zaɓi irin wadda yake so
a sai masa. A ƙarshe
ya rufe da roƙar
wa yaransa mashin CG kowane.
Waƙar Muhammad Sarkin
Kudu II
A ƙarshe akwai kuma waƙar Muhammadu Sarkin
Kudu II. Wannan waƙar
na ɗauke da kalmomin roƙo a zahiri inda
Sa`idu Faru ya yi roƙo
ga ubangidansa domin ya biya masa buƙatarsa kamar yadda ya zo a ɗan waƙa kamar haka:
Macciɗo roƙon mota niz zaka, ɗ2
Kai wurin gamji iyakar
gargare, ɗ2
mai roƙon doki don suka,
In an ba shi mato amsa
yakai,
Mai roƙon riga kwakwata,
In an ba shi kufta amsa
yakai,
Mai roƙon riga ‘yaddiga,
In am ba shi kore amsa
yakai
(Faru: Waƙar Muhammadu Macciɗo)
Wanna waƙa ta
Muhammadu Macciɗo, Sa`idu
Faru ya yi roƙo ne a cikin ɗan waƙar inda
ya kira sunan Macciɗo yake
cewa Macciɗo roƙon mota
niz zaka, sannan kuma ya wasa kansa da cewa wanda aka ba doki ya riƙa in ba
shi mota amsa yakai.
Sakamakon Bincike
Wannan bincike ya tabbatar mana da cewa haƙiƙa makaɗa suna amfani da harshe a wajen roƙo tsakanin waɗanda suke yi wa kiɗa da waƙa. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa roƙo wata hanya ce ta samun biyan buƙata tsakanin makaɗa da iyayen gidansu. Haka kuma, wannan bincike ya fito da hanyoyin da makaɗa suke bi wajen roƙo, wato akwai roƙo kai tsaye akwai kuma roƙo a fakaice. Sannan wannan bincike ya nuna cewa roƙo ana yin sa ne ga iyayen gida ta duk wata buƙatar da ta bijiro wa mutum komai girmanta ko ƙanƙantarta mutuƙar yana zaton za a samu biyan buƙata ko ba za a samu ba, zai gabatar da wannan buƙata ga ubangidansa kamar yadda ya zo a ɗiyan waƙoƙin da suka gabata.
Kammalawa
Wannan takarda ta yi
nazarin wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin Sai`du
Faru da kuma duba yadda yake amfani da harshe wajen roƙo domin
cimma burinsa , wanna yana nuna irin ƙwarewarsa da hikimarsa
wajen iya amfani da harshe sannan ya samu biyan buƙatar abin
da ya nema a wajen masu hannu da shuni ko kuma iyayen gidansa sarakuna waɗanda yake
yi wa waƙa. Wannan ya tabbatar da
makaɗa suna
iya amfani da roƙo kai tsaye ko kuma roƙo a
fakaice domin neman biyan buƙata.
Manazarta
Almajir, T.S. (2017).
Discourse in Utterence, Production and Interpretation Festriftch in Honor of
Professor M.K.M Galadanci Endangered Languages
in Nigeria. Policy, structure and Documentation Vol.II. P.605-612.
Chamo,
Y.I. (2014). Tranglobal Media Influences in Film Discourse. An Analysis of New
Communication Practice in Kannywood Films. Garkuwan
Hausa cikin Hausa. A Festrift in Tribute to Abdulƙadir Ɗangambo. Zaria. ABU
Press. P. 83-92.
Ɗangambo A. (1984). Rabe-Raben Adabin Hausa da Muhimmancinsa ga Rayuwar
Hausawa. Maɗaba’ar Kamfanin ‘Triumph’, Gidan Sa’aduZungur, Kano – Nigeria.
Giles, H. (1973). Accent Mobility: A model and
some data. Antropological Linguistics.
15, 87-109.
Giles, H. & Smith
P.M (1979). Accomodation Theory Optional level
of Convergence, in Giles & R st. Clear (Eds). Language and Social Psychology 45-65.
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