Salon Roko a Wasu daga Cikin Wakokin Sa’idu Faru

Citation: Idris, Z.B. & Tukur, B. (2024). Salon Roƙo a Wasu daga Cikin Waƙoƙin Sa`idu Faru. Four Decades of Hausa Royal Songs: Proceedings from the International Conference on the Life and Songs of Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, 3(3), 339-342. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i03.047.

Salon Roƙo a Wasu daga Cikin Waƙoƙin Sa`idu Faru

Daga 

Zahraddeen Bala Idris
zbidris@fudutsinma.edu.ng 08036793221
Hausa Department, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma 

Da 

Bilkisu Tukur
btukur@fudutsinma.edu.ng 08035982242
Hausa Department, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma 

 Tsakure

Wannan takarda ta yi yinƙurin bincikar yadda ake amfani da harshe wajen roƙo a wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin Sai`du Faru. Hanyoyin tattara bayanai da wannan bincike yi amfani da su sun haɗa da juyar waƙoƙin daga murya zuwa rubutu don nuna yadda ake roƙo a waƙoƙinsa. Ra`in da binciken ya yi amfani da shi shi ne ra`in nan na Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) wanda aka aka fassara da daidata sadarwa tsakanin masu magana. Binciken ya gano yadda makaɗa Sa`idu Faru yake amfani da roƙo kai tsaye da kuma roƙo a fakaice wajen cimma muradin waƙoƙinsa.

Gabatarwa

Sadarwa hanya ce ta isar da saƙo a tsakanin al`umma musamman wajen bayyana manufa da cimma buri ko kuma isar da wani saƙo zuwa ga al`umma. Wannan hanya ta ƙunshi dabaru da sigogi da dama da mutane suke amfani da ita wajen bayyana kansu.

Roƙo ya ƙunshi neman taimako ko agaji ko biyan buƙatar wani abu daga wajen wani ta kowace hanya. Mutuƙar al`umma sun wanzu a waje to lallai akwai buƙatar yin magana ko neman taimako daga wani zuwa wani. Wannan ya ƙunshi isar da saƙo daga mai magana zuwa wanda ake magana da shi, wannan ya sa wanda ake magana da shi zai yi matuƙar ƙoƙari wajen biyan buƙatar wanda ya nemi agajinsa ko taimakonsa.

Roƙon baka, Ɗangambo (1984:63) ya siffanta shi da, “Yabon da maroƙi ke yi wa gwaninsa ta hanyar yabonsa da kyawawan halaye, asali, kyauta, ko addini.”A cikin roƙon baka ake faɗin maganganun da za su daɗaɗa wa wanda ake yi wa roƙon rai, ko kuma su fifita shi bisa sauran jama’a wanda wannan ka iya motso shi ya yi wa maroƙin kyauta ta ban mamaki.

Roƙo a tsakanin al`ummar Hausawa ya ƙunshi hanyoyi da dama waɗanda ake amfani da su wajen neman taimako, ya daganta da abubuwa guda uku kamar haka:

Mai magana: Mai maganar ya danganta ya kasance babba ne ko yaro ko kuma shi ne a sama da wanda ake magana da shi. Idan mai magana shi ne babba to akwai buƙatar a yi roƙon cikin girmamawa.

Wanda ake magana da shi: Wanda ake magana da shi ya kasance shi ne a ƙasa ko kuma ya zama a sama. Idan wanda ake magana da shi shi ne yaro to roƙon zai kasance kai tsaye ba tare da an nuna girmamawa ba saboda a nan akwai iko da kuma matsayi na fifiko a tsakaninsu.

Wajen (muhallin) maganar: Wannan ya ƙunshi wajen da ake magana a kansa. Muhalli yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar zance ko kuma bayyana matsayi. A nan idan ya kasance wanda yake neman taimako shi ne a sama ko kuma shi ne babba, kuma muhallin maganar ya kasance yana ƙarƙashin ikon wanda ake magana da shi, to a nan akwai buƙatar ƙasƙantar da kai ga wanda ake magana da shi don buƙata ta biya.

Masana da dama sun gabatar da rubutu masu yawa a wannan fage daga ciki akwai, Almajir (2017: 606) ya bayyana zance ko tattaunawa wata hanya ce da ta ƙunshi yadda mutane suke zantawa ta hanyar isar da saƙo a tsakaninsu. Tattaunawa ta ƙunshi mayar da hankali a kan abubuwa kamar rubutu, hira ta tsawon lokaci (maganganu na baka).

Binciken ya tabbatar cewa, baya ga muhallin magana sai kuma duba lokacin magana da masu isar da saƙon suka yi amfani da shi yana taimakawa wajen gano ma`anar abin da suka faɗa a muhallin maganar.

Chamo (2014:84) ya bayyana tasirin hanyoyin sadarwa a tattaunawa ko zantuka a cikin finafinan Hausa. Wannan binciken ya kawo hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin miji da mata a finafinan Hausa na zamani. Binciken ya tabatar da cewa yadda mata suke isar da saƙo a finafina ya saɓa wa al`adar Hausawa ta kunya wajen magana da mai gida. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon tasirin baƙin al`adu na Turawan Yamma da suke kwararowa cikin finafinan zamani.

Wannan takarada ta yi nazarin yadda makaɗa Alhaji Sa`idu Faru yake amfani da harshen Hausa wajen roƙo a cikin waƙoƙinsa. Daga nan wannan bincike ya yi nazarin hanyoyin da makaɗa Sa`idu Faru yake bi wajen isar da saƙonsa ga iyayen gidansa sarakuna da masu hannu da shuni wajen yin roƙo cikin dabara kamar yadda ya zo a wasu zaɓaɓɓun waƙoƙinsa.

 Hanyoyin Gudanar da Bincike

Wanna bincike ya yi amfani da hanyar bayani wajen bayyana yadda makaɗa Sai`du faru yake isar da saƙo ta hanyar roƙo a wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinsa. Sannan an yi amfani da waƙoƙin makaɗa Sa`idu Faru wajen tantace hanyar da ya bi wajen yin roƙo a cikin waƙarsa. Haka kuma an yi amfani da waɗannan hanyoyi kamar haka:

i.     Sauraron waƙoƙin

ii.   Juyar su zuwa rubutu

iii.Fito da hanyoyin roƙo a waƙoƙinsa.

Ra’in Bincike

Ra`in da aka yi amfani da shi wajen wannan bincike shi ne na Communication Accomodation Theory (CAT) wanda aka fassara da, Daidata Sadarwa Tsakanin Masu Magana. Wannan ra`i ya ta`allaƙa wajen duba daidaito ko saɓani da daidata sadarwa musamman ta fuskar matsayin da ake ba shi a cikin al`umma.

Wannan ra`i an yi amfani da shi wajen duba yadda makaɗa Sa`idu Faru yake amfani da daidaiton matsayin wanda yake yi wa roƙo a wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinsa.

Harshen Roƙo A Mahangar Wasu Waƙoƙin Sa`idu Faru

Wannan ɓangare ya waiwayi wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin Alhaji Sa`idu Faru domin nuna yadda ya yi amfani da harshe wajen roƙo a mahangarsa. Daga ciki akwai waƙoƙi kamar haka:-

 Waƙar Turakin Argungu

Wanan waƙa ce da Alhaji Sa`du Faru ya yi wa Turakin Argungu, kuma ya yi amfani da kalmomin roƙo a cikin waƙarsa, sai dai roƙon ya yi shi ne ta hanyar hikima da fasaha wato roƙo a fakaice. Misali wajen da yake cewa:

Shi ka ba ka mota ka shiga ya ba naira wajjen ɗari biyar

Don ka aje kana kwasar hetur ɗ2

In kana biɗar riga wadda at ta kirki ka zo gun Turakin Argungu,

In kana biɗar doki wanda an na kirki ka je gun Turakin Argungu,

In kana biɗar bawa wanda an na kirki ka je gun Turakin Argungu,

In ka na biɗar jakki wanda an na kirki ka je gun Turakin Argungu.

(Faru: Waƙar Turakin Argungu)

A wannan waƙa makaɗa S`idu Faru ya yi amfanin da roƙo ne a fakaice wajen Turakin Argungu domin neman wani abu a wajensa. Haka kuma ya nuna halin kyauta yadda Turaki yake kyauta ga hadimansa ko kuma duk wanda ya je neman taimako wajensa. Irin waɗannan kyaututtuka da yake yi kyauta ce ta musamman kuma mai inganci ga duk wanda ya karɓa.

 Waƙar Galadiman Kano

Wannan waƙa ce da Alhaji Sa`du Faru ya yi wa Galadiman Kano. A cikin wannan waƙa Sa`idu Faru ya yi amfani da kalmomin roƙo a fili ga Galadiman Kano. Kamar yadda yake cewa:

Amadu cikani azani ka ba ni kuɗi in tai haji,

In dawo bisa marsandi ina rabsar kiɗi,

In don kiɗin barkak ka da kaya ba ba na zuwa ko Moriki.

(Faru: Waƙar Galadiman Kano).

Wanna waƙa tana bayyana yadda Sa`idu Faru yake nuna halin dattako na Galadiman Kano da kuma nuna yadda yake taimaka wa mutane ta ɓangarori da dama. Sannan ya bayyana yadda Galadima yake kyautata kowane ɓangare kamar a wannan waƙa ya nuna yadda zai ba shi kuɗi ya tafi haji, sannan idan ya dawo ya ba shi marsandi yana rabsar kiɗi.

Waƙar Muhammad Sarkin Kudu.

Haka kuma a wata waƙa da ya yi wa Alhaji Muhammadu Sarkin Kudu. Sai dai a wannan waƙar makaɗa Sa`idu Faru ya wasa Sarkin Kudu kuma ya yabe shi a wannan waƙar har yake kamun kafa da Nana Uwar Daje. Kamar yadda ya zo a ɗan waƙar kamar haka:

Ya yi mutum ɗan sarki,

Kuma ya aza bawan sarki,

Sai ya yi mutum mai iko,

Kuma ya aza mai roƙo nai,

Albarkar nana uwar daje bani mato Muhammad Sarkin da kyau.

(Faru: Waƙar Muhammadu Sarkin Kudu).

Wannan waƙa ce ta Muhammadu Sarkin Kudu. A nan, makaɗa Sai`du Faru ya yi amfani da roƙo kai tsaye ga Muhammadu Sarkin Kudu, ya nemi ya ci albarkacin Nana Uwar Daje a ba shi mota.

 Waƙar Mahamman Ɗan`Abdu

Bayan hakan, akwai kuma wadda Sa`idu Faru ya yi wa Alhaji Muhammadu Ɗan`Abdu ita ma a cikin wannan waƙa Sa`idu Faru ya yi amfani da kalmomin roƙo a fili inda yake roƙon Muhammadu ɗan`Abdu a cikin waƙar kamar yadda yake cewa:

Ni dai roƙon nay yi ma Mamman ɗan Abdu,

Ni dai roƙon nay yi ma Mamman ɗan Mamman,

Ka sai mani mota Fijo fikab ko ko marsandi ɗ2

In dai kab ba Sa`idu mota tai yak kama,

Su ko yara uban kiɗi ba kowa CG.

(Faru: Waƙar Mamman ɗan Abdu)

Dangane da wannan waƙa ta Muhammadu Ɗan`abdu ce kuma Saidu Faru ya yi roƙo a wannan waƙa kai tsaye ko kuma ƙarara cewa roƙonsa a sai masa mota, sannan kuma ya ba da zaɓi irin wadda yake so a sai masa. A ƙarshe ya rufe da roƙar wa yaransa mashin CG kowane.

 Waƙar Muhammad Sarkin Kudu II

A ƙarshe akwai kuma waƙar Muhammadu Sarkin Kudu II. Wannan waƙar na ɗauke da kalmomin roƙo a zahiri inda Sa`idu Faru ya yi roƙo ga ubangidansa domin ya biya masa buƙatarsa kamar yadda ya zo a ɗan waƙa kamar haka:

Macciɗo roƙon mota niz zaka, ɗ2

Kai wurin gamji iyakar gargare, ɗ2

mai roƙon doki don suka,

In an ba shi mato amsa yakai,

Mai roƙon riga kwakwata,

In an ba shi kufta amsa yakai,

Mai roƙon riga ‘yaddiga,

In am ba shi kore amsa yakai

(Faru: Waƙar Muhammadu Macciɗo)

Wanna waƙa ta Muhammadu Macciɗo, Sa`idu Faru ya yi roƙo ne a cikin ɗan waƙar inda ya kira sunan Macciɗo yake cewa Macciɗo roƙon mota niz zaka, sannan kuma ya wasa kansa da cewa wanda aka ba doki ya riƙa in ba shi mota amsa yakai.

Sakamakon Bincike

Wannan bincike ya tabbatar mana da cewa haƙiƙa makaɗa suna amfani da harshe a wajen roƙo tsakanin waɗanda suke yi wa kiɗa da waƙa. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa roƙo wata hanya ce ta samun biyan buƙata tsakanin makaɗa da iyayen gidansu. Haka kuma, wannan bincike ya fito da hanyoyin da makaɗa suke bi wajen roƙo, wato akwai roƙo kai tsaye akwai kuma roƙo a fakaice. Sannan wannan bincike ya nuna cewa roƙo ana yin sa ne ga iyayen gida ta duk wata buƙatar da ta bijiro wa mutum komai girmanta ko ƙanƙantarta mutuƙar yana zaton za a samu biyan buƙata ko ba za a samu ba, zai gabatar da wannan buƙata ga ubangidansa kamar yadda ya zo a ɗiyan waƙoƙin da suka gabata.

Kammalawa

Wannan takarda ta yi nazarin wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin Sai`du Faru da kuma duba yadda yake amfani da harshe wajen roƙo domin cimma burinsa , wanna yana nuna irin ƙwarewarsa da hikimarsa wajen iya amfani da harshe sannan ya samu biyan buƙatar abin da ya nema a wajen masu hannu da shuni ko kuma iyayen gidansa sarakuna waɗanda yake yi wa waƙa. Wannan ya tabbatar da makaɗa suna iya amfani da roƙo kai tsaye ko kuma roƙo a fakaice domin neman biyan buƙata.

Manazarta

Almajir, T.S. (2017). Discourse in Utterence, Production and Interpretation Festriftch in Honor of Professor M.K.M Galadanci Endangered Languages in Nigeria. Policy, structure and Documentation Vol.II. P.605-612.

Chamo, Y.I. (2014). Tranglobal Media Influences in Film Discourse. An Analysis of New Communication Practice in Kannywood Films. Garkuwan Hausa cikin Hausa. A Festrift in Tribute to Abdulƙadir Ɗangambo. Zaria. ABU Press. P. 83-92.

Ɗangambo A. (1984). Rabe-Raben Adabin Hausa da Muhimmancinsa ga Rayuwar Hausawa. Maɗaba’ar Kamfanin ‘Triumph’, Gidan Sa’aduZungur, Kano – Nigeria.

 Giles, H. (1973). Accent Mobility: A model and some data. Antropological Linguistics. 15, 87-109.

Giles, H. & Smith P.M (1979). Accomodation Theory Optional level of Convergence, in Giles & R st. Clear (Eds). Language and Social Psychology 45-65.

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