Gabatarwa a Binciken Ilimi: Kayan Cikinsa Da Yadda Ake Tsara Su

Abu-Ubaida SANI

Department of Languages and Cultures,
Federal University, Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Email: abu-ubaidallah@fugusau.edu.ng | abuubaidasani5@gmail.com
Site: www.abu-ubaida.com | www.amsoshi.com
WhatsApp: +2348133529736

Za a iya rubuta manazartar wannan rubutu kamar haka: Sani, A-U. (2024). Tsakure: Ma'anarsa da yadda ake tsara shi. https://www.amsoshi.com/2024/09/gabatarwa-binciken-ilimi-kayan-cikinsa.html

Ma'anar Gabatarwa

Kalmar 'gabatarwa' a binciken ilimi tana nufin rubutaccen jawabi wanda yake bayar da haske da matashiya dangane da binciken da aka saka a gaba. "Gabatarwa" da "shimfiɗa" kalmomi ne buyu da suke da kinin ma'ana a binciken ilimi. Duk da haka, akan yi amfani da su a gurabu mabambanta a cikin wasu nau'ukan bincike, misali kundayen digiri.

Yana da kyau a fahimci cewa, yadda ake rubuta gabatarwa ya bambanta daga bincike zuwa bincike. Nau'in bincike da matakin gudanar da shi abubuwa ne biyu da suke taka rawa wurin nuna yadda gabatarwar bincike za ta kasance. A wannan rubutu, za a yi tsokaci a kan nau'ukan gabatarwa guda biyu, wato na:

a. Kundayen Digiri

b. Maƙalu

Gabatarwar Kundayen Digiri

A kundayen digiri, gabatarwa tana ɗaukar babi ne sukutum. Babi na farko shi ne yake kasancewa gabatarwar aikin. A ciki ne kuma buƙatar amfani da kalmar "shimfiɗa" take tasowa. Kasancewar an ba wa babi na farko sunan 'gabatarwa', bai dace a riƙa ganin kalmar ba a matsayin mabuɗin babuka. A maimakon haka, kowane babi sai ya riƙa farawa da "shimfiɗa" (har da shi kansa babi na farko, wato gabatarwa).

Babin gabatarwa a kundayen digiri yana ɗauke da muhimman ɓangarori da a jimlace suke bayar da haske da nuna ga alƙiblar da kundin ya saka gaba. Abubuwan da ke cikin babi na farko suna iya bambanta sakamakon nau'in binciken da ake gudanarwa. Misali, ba kowane bincike ba ne yake buƙatar hasashen bincike (research hypothesis). 

Haka kuma, bincike yana iya ɗaukar dalilin bincike (purpose/background of the study), ko kuma ya ɗauki dalilin bincike da kuma matsalar bincike (problem of the study). Wannan na faruwa ne kasancewar dalilin gudanar da bincike yana ƙunshe da matsalolin bincike (bayan sauran abubuwa da ya ƙunsa kamar gabatar da batun da ake son yin magana a kai da ra'o'i da sauransu). 'Matsalar bincike' kuwa ɓangare ne da yake batu kan ainihin giɓin da binciken yake son toshewa ko matsalar da yake son magancewa kai tsaye.

A ƙasa an yi ƙoƙarin kawo misalin yadda babin gabatarwa a kundin digiri zai iya kasancewa. An kawo bayaninsu a taƙaice ne saboda kowannen yana da buƙatar a yi masa cikakken bayani a keɓance.

BABI NA ƊAYA (CHAPTER ONE)

GABATARWA (GENERAL INTRODUCTION)

1.0 Shifimfiɗa (Introduction)

1.1 Dalilin Bincike (Purpose/Background of the Study)

* Matsalar Bincike (Research Problem)

1.2 Manufar Bincike (Aim of the Study)

1.3 Maƙasudin Bincike (Objectives of the Study)

1.4 Tambayoyin Bincike (Research Question)

*Hasashen Bincike (Research Hypothesis)

1.5 Muhimmancin Bincike (Significance/Relevance of the Study)

1.6 Kadadar Bincike (Scope of the Study)

1.7 Kalmomin Fannu (Operational Definition of Terms)

1.8 Naɗewa (Conclusion)

Gabatarwa a Maƙalu

Kundayen digiri da maƙalu nau'uka ne na binciken ilimi waɗanda dukkanninsu biyu ba sa kammala su amsa sunansu har sai sun isar da rahoton wani bincike da aka gabatar cikin tsararren salo a ilimance. Rubutun maƙalu taƙaitacce ne idan aka kwatanta shi da na kundayen digiri. A haƙiƙani, maƙala tana da ƙunshe da kwatankwacin ɓangarorin da kundin digiri yake ƙunsa. Bambancin kawai shi ne, a rubutun maƙala akan haɗe sassa da dama a wuri ɗaya. Hasali ma, akwai sassan da ba a fitowa ƙarara a rubuta su a matsayin take masu zaman kansu. A maimakon haka, akan nashe su a ƙarƙashin wasu take. Waɗanda suka naƙalci yadda tsarin rubuce-rubucen bincike yake, su ne kaɗai za su iya gane waɗannan ɓangarori yayin da aka haɗe su da juna.

Wani babban misali da za a iya bugawa a nan shi ne, a ƙarƙashin babin gabatarwa na kundin digiri ana iya samun taken batutuwa takwas (8) zuwa goma (10) kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. A gabatarwar maƙalu kuwa, ana iya nashe su zuwa take ɗaya (1) kawai, wato gabatarwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa, ba abin mamaki ba ne idan aka duba maƙala aka tarar da cewa ta nashe dukkannin waɗannan ɓangarori goma (10) a ƙarƙashin gabatarwarta kaɗai.

Duk da haka, akwai salon rubutun maƙalu musamman a sashen kimiyya da fasaha da suke samar da ƙananan take a ƙarƙashin gabatarwa. Yawanci ƙananan taken sukan kasance:

a. Dalilin Bincike (Background): Wanda shi ne yake ɗauke da gundarin gabatarwar. A ƙarƙashinsa ne ake gabatar da batun da ake bincike a kai.

b. Matsalar Bincike (Problem Statement): Wanda a ƙarƙashinsa ne ake gabatar da ainihin matsalar da ake son magancewa ko giɓin da ake so a cike.

c. Manufar Bincike (Objectives/Purpose): Wanda a ƙarƙashinsa ne ake bayyana manufar binciken.

d. Tambayoyin Bincike/Hasashen Bincike (Research Questions/Hypotheses): Wanda a ƙarƙashin sashen ne ake bayyana tambayoyin da binciken yake ƙoƙarin samar da amsoshinsu ko kuma hasashen binciken da ake aunawa.

e. Muhimmancin Bincike (Significance of the Study): Wanda a ƙarƙashin sashen ne ake bayyana muhimmancin binciken, musamman tasirin da zai iya yi yayin da aka kammala shi.

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