Nuta Cikin Tarihin Alkalin Lardin Sakkwato Mallam Yahya Nawawi (1897-1979)

Citation: Ahmad, A. A. (2024). Nuta Cikin Tarihin Alƙalin Lardin Sakkwato Mallam Yahya Nawawi (1897-1979). Ginshiƙin Nazarin Salon Waƙoƙin Hausa,6-17. www.doi.org/10.36349/djhs.2024.v03i01.002.

Nuta Cikin Tarihin Alƙalin Lardin Sakkwato Mallam Yahya Nawawi (1897-1979)

Aliyah Adamu Ahmad (Mrs)
 08133314217, 08095059926, aliyaadamu@yahoo.com
Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar Jihar Sakkwato

Tsakure: Tunanin shirya wani kundi wanda zai ƙunshi maƙalu na ilmi domin ciyar da bincike gaba, musamman kan adabin Hausa ya taso ne a wani zaman liyafar cin abinci da aka yi a harabar Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sakkwato ranar 15 ga Maris,` 2023 daga ƙarfe 7-10 na dare. Wannan liyafa an shirya ta ne domin karramawa ga Farfesa Abdullahi Bayero Yahya. Shi kuma Farfesa Abdullahi Bayero ya cika shekaru saba’in a wannan lokaci saboda haka ya rubuta takardar aje aikin jami’a a matsayin mai ritaya. Wannan nasara ta cimma shekaru saba’in da yin ritaya, ita ce dalilin shirya walima domin girmamawa da taya murna gare shi. Wannan kuma ita ce damar da na samu na shiga sahun sauran ɗalibai wajen rubuta muƙala kamar yadda hakan ta kasance.

Gabatarwa

Wannan muƙala za ta yi tsokaci kan rayuwar Mallam Yahya Nawawi Alƙalin Lardin Sakkwato^[1]. Ƙumshiyar muƙalar za ta haɗa da nasabarsa wato asalin mahaifansa da kuma sharhi kan gudummuwarsa ta ilmi da kuma ayyuka irin na hidima ga al’ummarsa a lokacin da yana raye. Tambayar da za ta biyo baya ganin wannan take kan marigayi Alƙalin Lardi Yahya Nawawi ita ce, shin me zai hana a yi rubutu kan Farfesa Abdullahi Bayero, ganin cewa shi ne ake shirya kundi domin karrama shi, a maimakon mahaifinsa? Amsa a nan ita ce, da yawa za a yi rubutu kan Farfesa Abdullahi Bayero, musamman kan gwarzontakarsa a fagen waƙa. Kuma wasu za su yi rubutu kan tarihin rayuwarsa da ayyukansa ga jama’a da jiharsa. To ita wannan muƙala tana son ta tono dalilan shaharar Abdullahi Bayero Yahya, domin Barewa ba ta yin gudu, ɗanta ya yi rarrafe, sai dai shi ɗan ya zama mai gudu irin uwarsa Barewa, har ma ya haɗa da tumamaye (tsalle) wajen gudunsa. An nemi malaman da suka san Malam Yahya Nawawi waɗanda suka rage a raye, aka tattauna da su domin samun ingantattun bayanai a kansa. An kuma nemi iyalansa waɗanda suka haɗa da ‘ya’yansa, da matarsa da ke raye, aka tattauna da su. Akwai kuma fayil-fayil waɗanda suka ƙunshi bayanai kan rayuwarsa da ayyukansa da ke hannun iyalansa da kuma cibiyar adana tarihi ta Waziri Junaidu History and Culture Bureau, waɗanda aka yi nazari a cikinsu. Da waɗannan bayanai da aka tattara kamar yadda aka ambata, aka duƙufa wajen rubuta wannan muƙalar.

Shehu Usmanu bn Fodiyo Uba ga Malam Yahya Nawawi

Haihuwa

Tabbas an haifi Malam Yahya Nawawi cikin ƙarni na goma sha tara (Ƙ.19). Sai dai, kamar ga mafi yawan mutanen ƙasar Hausa kafin zamanin da muke ciki, inda gizo ke saƙa shi ne sanin takamaiman kwanan watan da aka haifi wannan bawan Allah. Bayanan da aka samo sun haɗa da sheka ta 1897, da 1899 da 1886. Haka kuma ta la’akari da sanannun bayanan ayyukan tarihi ana iya cewa ko da Turawa suka ci birnin Sakkwato a 1903 Malam Yahya Nawawi yana duniya, kuma ya girmi wasu ‘yan’uwansa da aka haifa kamar Waziri Junaidu (ƙanin mahaifinsa). To amma shekarar da ɗaya daga manyan ‘ya’yansa, Alhaji Abbas Yahya, ya bayar kuma Buhari (2014:689, 693) ya ruwaito, (1899) ba za ta fi kusa da daidai ba. Dalilin cewa haka shi ne sanin cewa an haifi babban ɗan Yahya Nawawi, wato Usman Shehu Yahya Nawawi, a 1923^[2]. Abin da aka sani ne kuwa cewa mafi rinjayen lokutan da aka fi yi wa ‘ya’ya maza amre a ƙarni na 19 a nan ƙasar Sakkwato, har ma a farko-farkon ƙarni na 20, shi ne lokacin da matashi ya kai shekaru 20 zuwa 25 na haihuwa. Mai wannan muƙala ta ɗauki 1897 saboda yin la’akari da lokacin da aka haifi babban ɗan Nawawi, Usman Shehu, 1923 na nufin Malam Yahya yana da shekaru 26 na haihuwa ya yi amre. Wannan ra’ayi yana ƙarfafa idan aka yi la’akari da al’adar da aka ambata ta yi wa ‘ya’ya amren fari a zamaninsu. Da an samu kai ga hirar da gidan rediyon RIMA ya yi da Yahya Nawawi da watakila duk wannan ka-ce-na-ce bai taso ba. To amma kash!, Abdullahi Bayero Yahya ya shaida wa mai wannan muƙala cewa ya yi ƙoƙarin da zai samun wannan hira daga RIMA Rediyo amma a lokacin bayan da aka yi gobara da shekaru da yawa a kafar labaran ne, kuma kafar ta sanar da shi la’alla har da faifan da aka naɗa hirar ne gobarar ta cinye. Allah ne Masani.

A dai garin Wurno ne aka haifi Malam Yahya Nawawi kamar yadda ‘ya’yansa da littaffan tarihi suka bayyana. Iƙirarin da kan batun ke cewa, “Shehu Usmanu bn Fodiyo Uba ga Malam Yahya Nawawi”, take ne zai jawo hankalin mai karatu kan yaya za a yi Shaikh Usman bn Fodiyo ya zama uba ga Malam Yahaya Nawawi. Amsa a nan mai sauƙin fahimta ce, domin a fahimtar Bahaushe, kaka ga mahaifinka shi ne uba na biyu gareka. Ƙarin bayani kan hakan shi ne, idan mutum ya haifi ɗa to ɗansa ne, idan ɗansa ya haihu, to ya samu jika, ko aboki. Idan jikansa ya haihu, to ya samu wani ɗa, a wata Hausa ana cewa kama-kunne. Kama-kunne idan ya samu ɗa, ana kiran wannan tattaɓa-kunne. Idan kuwa tattaɓa-kunne ya haihu, an samu taka-kushewa! Hausa harshe ne mai tarin kalmomi da ma’anonin da sai an fassara wa Gwari da bai iya gane abin da ake nufi, duk da ko Alhaji Garba Gwandu (GG) ya ce,

Ga sauƙin koyo nan da nan

A cikin sati huɗu sai ka san

Halshen Hausawa sai kaɗan

Ka ɓace maka ko an lafatan

Naki ko ƙunduƙushariya/!!

(ayar motsin rai ta mai muƙala ce)

(Alhaji Garba Gwandu:Waƙar Ƙongiyar Hausa ta Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo)

Taswirar da ke biye ta tabbatar da wannan bayani kan tushen Malam Yahya Nawawi. A lissafin da ya bayyana ta wannan taswirar da ke biye, Yahya Nawawi hula huɗu ce tsakaninsa da Shehu Usmanu bn Fodiyo; hula uku tsakaninsa da Nana Asma’u ‘yar Shehu Usmanu. Ahmadu ɗan Nana-Asma’u shi ne jikan Shehu Usman bn Fodiyo. Idan ana son a waiwayi tushe na iyaye dangane da Mallam Yahya Nawawi daidai yake da neman tarihin malaman Jihadi na daular Usmaniyya. Tarihin Malaman Jihadi bai taɓa samun surki ba. Tarihinsu ya sha ambato a hannun malamai da marubuta tarihin daular Usmaniyya, kuma an yi ittifaƙi a kan tarihin. (Farfesa Sani Zaharaddin da Farfesa A.A. Gwandu da Malam Muhammadu Isa Talata Mafara da Farfesa M.M. Gwadabe da Dr. Usman Bugaje, kaɗan ne daga misalan manazarta).

Nasabar Yahya Nawawi Alƙalin Lardi

Sharhi a kan Taswira

Malam Yahya Nawawi (Alƙalin Lardi) ɗa ne ga Waziri Abdulƙadir Macciɗo, ɗan Waziri Buhari, ɗan Ɗangaladima Ahmadu, ɗan Nana Asma’u^[3]‘yar Shehu Usman bn Fodiyo (Rahimahullahu amin). Taswirar ta sake tabbatar da bayanan da suka gabata.

Dalilin Sunan Yahya Nawawi

Mahaifin Malam Yahya Nawawi shi ne Abdulƙadir Macciɗo. Sarakuna har uku a Sakkwato ya yi wa wazirci. Ya yi wa Sarkin Musulumi Muhammadu Attahiru II (1903-1915), da Muhammadu Maiturare (1915-1924) da kuma Muhammadu Tambari (1924-1931). Haka kuma shi ne shugaban masu zaɓen Sarki. A lokacin da Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Maiturare ya rasu, Turawan Mulkin Mallaka sun tilasta wa wannan kwamiti na zaɓe da Macciɗo ke jagoranta amincewa da Muhammadu Tambari (maimakon Hasan ɗan Mu’azu da yake shi ne zaɓin kwamitin) da ya kasance shi ne Sarkin Musulmi (1915-1924)^[4].

Waziri Macciɗo masanin shari’ar musulunci ne domin yana gabaci a hukunce-hukunce na shari’a tun ma ba duk wani al’amari na rabon gado a yankin Sakkwato. Malam Abdulƙadir Macciɗo yana daga cikin mashahuran malaman Hadisi daular Usmaniyya. Saboda soyuwarsa da nazari a cikin litattafan Hadisi, ya ƙaunaci Shaikh Sharifuddin marubucin littafin nan na Arba’una Hadisi. Ya shahara ne wajen tattara Hadisai, ga shi kuma matashi mai ƙarancin shekaru. Cikakken sunan mawallafin littafin Hadisai na Arba’una shi ne Abu Zakariyyah Yahya bn Sharaf Al-Nawawi (631-676 H). Shaikh Nawawi mutumin Damaskas ne, sunan ƙauyensu Nawa^[5]. Ya shahara wajen nemo ingantaccen Hadisi daga manyan sahabai da tabi’ai, ya rubuce Isnadinsu domin adana tarihi. Ya yi suna a duniya kan Hadisi, kuma ya bar duniyar yana ɗan shekaru Arba’in da biyar (45)^[6]. Soyuwar Abdulƙadir Macciɗo ga Sharaf al- Nawawi, shi ya sa bayan an haifi Yahya, lokacin da za a raɗa masa suna sai mahaifinsa ya riƙa kiran ɗansa da laƙabin Nawawi. Tun wannan lokacin aka riƙa kiran wannan ɗa na Waziri Abdulƙadir Macciɗo da Yahya Nawawi, ko Nawawi kai tsaye ga manya da sa’o’insa.^[7] Shi kansa yakan rubuta sunansa da ‘Yahya Nawawi’ a wasu rubuce-rubucensa.

Mahaifan Yahya Nawawi

Sunan Mahaifinsa Abdulƙadir Macciɗɗo^[8]ɗan waziri Buhari ne. Uba malamin ɗansa ne, wato Buhari malamin Abdulƙadir ne. Kuma dukkaninsu sun zama mashahuran malamai kafin wafatinsu. Malam Ahmadu mijin Faɗimatu da Malam Abubakar Bube suna daga cikin malamansa, kuma su waɗannan malamai shahararsu ta karaɗe ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin daular Usmaniyya ta yanzu saboda yawon neman ilmi da kuma yaɗa ilmin. Abin da wannan ke nuni shi ne kakan Yahya Nawawi Malam Buhari Shaihi ne, kuma ‘ya’yansa kamar Waziri Abdulƙadir Macciɗo da Waziri Junaidu sun gado shi, kusan dukkaninsu shaihunai ne waɗanda kuma Yahya Nawawi yana daga cikin jikokinsa. Sauran ɗiyan Abdulƙadir Macciɗo akwai Malam Buhari Joɗi wanda riƙaƙƙen mai tafsiri ne kuma mai kaifin ƙwaƙwalwa da har akan ce tafsirin Jalalaini da Diya’ut Tawil fi ma’ani –l Tanzil ga kansa suke. Sauran sun haɗa da Alƙali Bello Giɗaɗawa (Ɗangaladiman Waziri) kuma sanannen marubucin waƙa, shugaban Ƙungiyar Marubuta da Manazarta Waƙoƙin Hausa na farko kuma mawallafin littafin da ake kira Bargon Hikima, da Alƙali Ahmadu Ɗantsoho, da Malam Isa, da Lamiɗo Abdurrahman Sayuɗi, da Muhammad Attahiru, da AlHassan, da Idirisu, da Abubakar, da Muhammadu da Malam Halliru, da Malam Abubakar. Daga cikin ‘ya’yansa mata kuwa akwai Aminatu (Kura), da Nana Asma’u (Dumukku) da Khadijatu, da Faɗimatu da Hafsatu (matar Sardauna Ahmadu Bello Firimiyan Jihar Arewa ta Najeriya)^[9], da Aishatu (Giwa), da Maryamu (Daje)^[10] Waɗannan su ne ‘ya’yan waziri Macciɗo har da Yahya Nawawi wanda yana daga cikin manyan ‘yan’yansa.

Mahaifiyar Yahya Nawawi ita ce Maryamu. Ta yi karatu a hannun mijinta Waziri Abdulƙadir Macciɗo. Ta yi litattafan addini masu yawa. Tana daga cikin matansa waɗanda suke taimakawa wajen koyar da yara karatun allo a cikin gida, a zamaninta. Malam Yahya ya samu horo mai kyau da tarbiya irin ta makarantar allo tun a wajen mahaifiyarsa. Ana iya cewa mahaifansa biyu su ne suka fara ba shi tarbiyya ta gari.

Malam Yahya Nawawi ya auri Khadijatu ‘yar Malam Basharu ɗan Wali Usman ɗan Waziri Abdlƙadir ɗan Waziri Usman Goɗaɗo mijin Nana Asma’u ‘yar Shehu Usmanu ɗan Fodiyo. Har ila yau ita Khadijatu matar Malam Yahya Nawawi ɗiyar Ramatu Hinnaye ce matar Malam Basharu kuma ɗiyar Waziri Buhari, kuma ƙaunar Abdulƙadir Macciɗo mahaifin Malam Yahya Nawawi. Saboda haka da shi Nawawi da Khadijatu kakansu guda, a yayin da kuma suka haɗa kakanninsu suka dangana zuwa ga Waziri Usman Giɗaɗo mijin Nana Asma’u ɗiyar Shehu ɗan Fodiyo. A taƙaice da Khadijatu da Nawawi auren zumunta ne suka yi. Su ne suka haifi Abdullahi Bayero.^[11]

Ƙuruciyar Yahaya Nawawi (1897-1927)

A ƙarƙashin wannan taken za a dubi shekarun farko kimanin talatin (30) na rayuwarsa da yadda ya samu tarbiya ta rayuwa da ta ilmi daga wajen mahaifansa da malamansa na karatun zaure.

Tarbiyyarsa

Tarbiyyar da Nawawi ya fara samu bayan reno na jarintaka ita ce nuna masa muhimmancin Addinin Musulunci. Wannan kuwa iyayensa sun cusa masa ita ta hanyoyin ganin iyaye suna aikata ibada, da koya masa salla da ganin da yake yi mahaifansa suna karatu da karantarwa; mahaifiya tana karantar da yayyensa da wasu yara; mahaifi ko yana karantar da yayyen Nawawi da kuma manyan mutane idan suka zo nan gidansu.Haka kuma mahaifiyarsa, Maryam, da yannensa sukan koya masa yadda ake salla; mahaifiya ita ce ta farko sannan yannensa idan suka ga yana koyon yadda mahaifiyar ta koya masa, ko suka ga yana kwaikwayon su. A wannan gefi sai Nawawi ya samu muhimman ɓangarorin tarbiyyar Musulunci, wato da karatu da ibada. Baicin waɗannan akwai ladubba kamar girmama na gaba, da sanya sutura da cin abinci da shan abin sha da makamantansu. Haka kuma da yake mahaifinsa, basarake ne, wato waziri, ba zai rasa samun tarbiyyar hulɗa da jama’a ba, cikin gida da waje. A taƙaice Malam Yahya Nawawi ya buɗe ido da ilmi domin gidansu na ilmi ne. Wannan kuwa haka aka sanar wa shiyyar Giɗaɗawa tun daga kakanninsa, Waziri Buhari, har zuwa ga Waziri Usman Giɗaɗo wanda daga sunansa ne shiyyar ta samo sunanta, da Nana Asma’u, da mahaifinta Shehu aUsmanu ɗan Fodiyo.

Karatu a Gida da Makarantar Zaure

 Malam Yahya ya fara karatun allo a gida wajen mahaifansa guda biyu wato Waziri Abdulƙadir Macciɗo da Modibbo Maryamu. Daga bisani ya fara zuwa wajen wasu malamai a makarantunsu kamar Abdulƙadir Macciɗo Limamin Masallacin Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Bello, da Malam Bube da Malam Muhammadu da Modibbo Faɗimatu. Malam Yahya ya fara shiga sahun manyan ɗalibai waɗanda ake iya bai wa ƙananan ɗalibai su fara koya musu karatu. Wannan aiki yana fuska biyu, koyon aikin malanta da kuma taimaka wa manyan malamai wajen tarbiyantar da ƙananan ɗalibai. Idan aka samu sallamar ƙanana waɗanda ba su buƙatar dogon lokaci saboda shekaru, sai manya irinsu Yahya Nawawi su zauna su fara ɗibar nasu ilmin wajen Malami mai makaranta zuwa lokacin da mutum ya gamsu da abin da ya samu a wannan ranar. Haka nan kuma a wannan mataki, Malam Yahya ya samu ilmi na litattafai a wajen Malam Ubandoma^[12] da Liman Abdulƙadir Macciɗo^[13].

Halayensa da Sha’awarsa

Malam Yahya Nawawi yana son zaman majalisi biyu: Zaman karatu a gaban malamansa da zaman yanke hukunci idan ba a makaranta ko wurin aiki yake ba; yin karatu idan a gida yake ba tare da waɗanda suka kawo masa ziyara yake ba, mutane daga waje ko ‘ya’yansa, ko kuma ba salla ko azkar yake ba. Kusan duk inda za ka gan shi a zaune cikin mutane to irin waɗannan majalisai ne. In ba haka ba, shi ma’abucin zama gida ne riƙe da littafi koyaushe. Abin da Malam Ibrahim ya shaidar shi ne, babu abin da ke raba Malam Yahya Nawawi da littafi sai salla ko zikiri ko zama da ‘ya’yansa ko idan aka kai masa ziyara ta zumunci ko neman karatu. Sai kuwa bacci in ya kama^[14].

Halayyarsa ta fuskar abinci kuma ita ce, shi a koyaushe ba ya son cin abinci mai yawa, ko abinci mai nauyi. ‘Ya’yan itace ne ya fi so, da zuma. Iyalan Malam Yahya Nawawi sun shaidar da ba ya shan ruwa sai waɗanda aka tafasa suka huce, sai a zuba cikin abu mai marfi kamar buta, yana riƙa sha. Amma duk ƙishirwa sai an dafa ruwa sannan zai sha. Malam Yahya bai cin abinci mai maiƙo ko yaji. Ba ya cin abincin da aka dafa da man gyaɗa ko aka saka twanka (barkono)^[15]. Iyalansa sun shaidar bai cika cin abinci daga wani wuri ba, sai kuwa idan ‘ya’yansa sun dafo sun kawo masa saboda sun san irin abincinsa. Wannan bayani ya nuna irin yadda Malam Yahya ke bai wa lafiyarsa muhimmanci. Idan tafiya zai yi to lalle akwai butoci kamar uku zuwa huɗu a tafiyar, ɗaya wadda aka saka ruwan da aka tafasa, ɗaya wadda yake lalura da ita kamar kama ruwa ko alwala, ɗaya wadda aka saka masa goron da yake ci a yayin da ɗaya kuwa ake saka masa hura. Waɗannan suna daga cikin guzurin duk tafiyar da zai yi mai tsawo. Idan ma tafiyar wadda ke ɗaukar kwanakki ce, yakan tafi tare da ɗaya daga cikin matansa.

Wani abin da iyalansa ke tunawa na game da shi kan abinci shi ne, shi mai son dabino da madara ne, kuma yana samun gamsuwa da su kaɗai, domin idan ya ci dabino ya sha madara da zuma, to yana iya wuni bai nemi abinci ba. “Ku ci abinci don ku rayu, kada ku rayu don ku ci abinci”^[16], wannan wata maganar hikima ce da Malam Yahya Nawawi ke nuna wa iyalansa da cewa, kada mutum ya zama bawan ciki, wanda koyaushe abinci yake nema don ya cika ciki ya kwanta. Amma mutum ya nemi abinci mai kyau ya ci domin lafiyarsa ta inganta, ya samu ƙarfin amfanar da kansa da al’umma. Idan ya samu abinci mai gina lafiya, to yana iya neman ilmi, ya kuma koyar da ilmi.

Dangane da halayen Yahya Nawawi ga kaɗan daga waƙar da Alƙali Haliru Wurno ya faɗa:

3.      Tuna ka nikai ammu ƙul Yahya

Ƙadi na Lardi fa don ku jiya   

Tunawa nikai ko dare safiya

Da halinsa mai kyau halin anbiya

            Bale dai yinin nan da zai tafiya

4.      Shina la’asar yai sujuda jiya

Nan Rabbuhu yak kirai Yahaya

Da tsarkin hali na jiki zucciya

Da tasbihu yab bar gidan duniya

            Ilahi ka sa ya gama lafiya (Ya Rabb ka gafarta masa, amin)

5.      Daɗai bai ɗumin hira illa sani

Na tafsiru kullum mutum ya gani

Bai batsa ko dauri bai lahani

An san shi bai bin hawad dut wani

            Ya karkace hanya ya ce anniya

6.      Ibada yakai ko ga hanya tafe

Bai dube-dube idonai kife

Bai yin fululu bale rattafe

Ɗumin Yahya ba da ilmi ɗafe

            Da yin gargaɗi ga zama lafiya

7.      Ya wuce tsarassa ilmi kuma

Da yannai da ƙannensu bai da kama

Daɗai Yahya yanke bai fankama

Bale tafiya ba shi yin taƙama

            Ba shi kula don abin duniya  

(Alƙali Alhaji Haliru Hurno: Marsiyyar Mallam Yahya Nawawi Giɗaɗawa)^[17]

Ayyukan Alƙalin Lardi Malam Yahya Nawawi a Wasu Hukumomi da Tarurruka

Malam Yahya ya yi ayyuka da dama da suka taimaki al’ummarsa. Da farko dai malamin sani ne da ya karantar da ɗalibai da dama. Daga cikin ɗalibansa akwai Malam Haliru Giɗaɗawa Alƙalin Wazirin Sakkwato da Malam Abdullahi Jatau Giɗaɗawa. Haka kuma daga cikin ɗalibansa akwai waɗanda suka kai matsayin manyan malamai mashahurai kamar Waziri Junaidu da Malam Haliru Binji da makamantansu^[18].

Ta fuskar ayyukan hukumomi ya karantar a makarantar Midil da yanzu ake kira Kwalejin Nagarta daga 1917 zuwa 1931. A 1931 sai aka yi masa sauyin wurin aiki zuwa makarantar koyar da aikin alƙalanci ta Sakkwato, wato Khad School ko Kadi Sukul a Hausance. A lokaci guda kuma ya karantar a makarantar mata wadda a yanzu ake kira Government Girls College, Sokoto. A 1942 sai aka yi masa Wali na kotunan ƙasar Sakkwato, wato Lardin Sakkwato daga 1942 zuwa 1954.^[19] A wannan shekarar ce ya zama Babban Alƙalin Lardin Sakkwato a ƙarƙashin En’e (N.A.) ta Sakkwato. Wannan muƙami ya shafi kotunan da ke ƙarƙashin En’e ta Sakkwato. Malam Yahya Nawawi yana a wannan matsayi daga 1954 har zuwa 1960, lokacin da aka ba shi makamancinsa amma a ƙarƙashin Gwamnatin Jihar Arewa. Matsayin shi ne Alƙalin Lardin Sakkwato na ita gwamnatin, a turance Provincial Judge. Lardin Sakkwato ya ƙunshi ƙasar Sakkwato da ta Gwandu da ta Argungu da ta Yawuri. Duk dai yana riƙe da wannan muƙami aka yi masa muƙamin ɗaya daga cikin alƙalan kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Musulunci ta Jihar Arewa da ke zama a Kaduna.

A tsawon sheksarun nan da ya yi yana aiki na hukumomin En’e da Gwamnatin Jihar Arewa, Malam Yahya Nawawi ya kasance mai gabatar da tafsirin Alƙur’ani mai tsarki a Masallacin Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Bello cikin watan Ramadana. Abdullahi Bayero ya shaida wa mai wannan muƙala cewa ya taɓa jin mahaifinsa yana ba wani daga masu ziyartar sa cewa shi har ya aje aikin hukuma yakan yi hutun shekara-shekara cikin watan Ramadana.^[20] Wannan lamari ne da ke nuni da cewa Malam Yahya mai tsara harkokinsa ne domin gudun su ci karo da juna. Bai bar aikin hukuma ya ci karo ko ya hana shi yin aikin da ya jiɓinci na Addininsa ba. Haka kuma tsarin yana nuni da cewa Malam Yahya yakan yi hutun shekara-shekara ba don ya huta ba, sai don ya yi wani babban aiki.

 Halin Yahya Nawawi ne na tsayawa a kan ayyukan magabata ta fuskar Addinin Musulunci. A kan haka ne tafsiri da yake gabatarwa a Masallacin Muhammadu Bello da ke a garin Sakkwato, ko ma a ko wane wuri ne ta kama to littaffan magabata na Sunnah yake tsayawa a kansu. Misalan waɗannan ayyuka na magabata sun haɗa da tafsirin Jalalaini da na Abdullahi ɗan Fodiyo, Diya’ut Tawiil da sauransu. Shi bai rubuta tafsiru ba amma ya karantar da tafsiran da magabata suka rubuta. Cikin harshen Hausa yake gabatar da tafsiru. Haka kuma kamar wada ya gabata Yahya Nawawi ya koyar da hanyar yin Tafsiru.

A shekara ta 1967 sai Malam Yahya Nawawi ya aje aiki don ra’ayin kansa.^[21] Abin tunani shi ne Malam Yahya Nawawi ya aje aikin gwamnati wanda ya yi shekru 50 yana yi, to haka ɗansa da wannan muƙala ta shiga cikin karrama shi, wato Abdullahi Bayero Yahya, shi ma hamsin ɗin ya zuba wa gwamnati sannan ya aje aiki! Watakila da sani ne ɗan Barewa ya yi gudu kamar mahaifiya!!

Ayyukansa na Bayan Ritaya Gwamnati

Malam Yahya Nawawi ya aje aikin Gwamnati a shekarar 1967. Sai dai bai kwanta ba kamar yadda kalmar Turanci ta ‘retire’ ke nuni. Malami ne, malami ko na Musulunci ba hutu yake yi ba. Karantarwa bai bari ba. Ya ci gaba da wannan ta fuskoki da dama. Yana aje aikin gwamnati sai nan take Jama’atu Nasril Islam, reshen jihar Sakkwato ta naɗa shi shugaban masu wa’azu saboda sanin da aka yi masa ba ma a wannan fage ba, har a fagen shari’a da karantarwa.

Haka nan kuma Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III ya kafa wata makaranta a nan cikin fadarsa da ake kira Ma’ahadul Ilmi, aka naɗa Malam Yahya Nawawi shugabanta. A wannan makaranta mai matsayi daidai da abin da ake kira “Academy” a Turance, ana horar da ɗalibai ilmi da tarbiyyar yin wa’azi da kuma na tafsirin Alƙur’ani mai tsarki. Ya riƙe wannan matsayi na Shugaban masu Wa’azu da Jama’atu Nasril Islam da kuma na Shugaban makarantar Ma’ahadul Ilmi da ke gidan Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III har zuwa wafatinsa ranar Assabar 22 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 1979.  Allah Maɗaukaki ya yi masa rahma, amin.

Malam Nawawi ya kasance malami mai yin tafsiri a masallacin Muhammadu Bello a duk lokacin azumin watan Ramadana. Haka kuma ya sha yin wa’azi a duk ranar Mauludi a makarantar Nizamiyya ta Sakkwato. Mafi yawan wa’azinsa a wannan rana yakan shafi ire-iren matsalolin da al’umma ke fuskata a lokacin, kamar matsalar ganin wata da tawassuli da usulud Dini da makamancin haka.

Malam Yahya Nawawi babban malami wanda saboda yawan ilminsa da adilcin da aka san shi da su aka kuma yarda da shi, ya kai har yakan wakilci Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III ko Waziri Junaidu a wasu tarurruka, ko ya jagoranci wasu kwamitoci masu sarƙaƙiya. Idan kuma Sarkin Musulmi ko Wazirinsa, Junaidu, suka sa shi irin waɗannan ayyuka, to zai yi tsakaninsa da Allah Mahalicci. Misali, Sarkin Musulmi ya taɓa sa shi ya binciki musabbabin wani rikici da ya haɗa mabiya ɗariƙar Ƙadiriyya da ta Tijjaniyya a garin Gusau. Malam Yahya Nawawi ya gudanar da wannan bincike ya kuma miƙa sakamakon binciken ga Majalisar Sarkin Musulmi. Ya dai gudanar da binciken a shekara ta 1949, wato lokacin da yake a matsayin Walin Sakkwato. Mafi yawan mutanen ƙasar sun ɗauka cewa ɗariƙar Ƙadiriyya ce Nawawi zai ba gaskiya a wannan bincike saboda ganin cewa ɗariƙar ce Sarkin Musulmi da ilaharin’yan majalisarsa da mafi rinjayen talakkawan ƙasar Hausa ɗariƙar da suke bi a zamanin. A dalilin haka ne ma a wancan zamani idan Sarkin Musulmi ya ba da umurnin wata sanarwa ga jama’a, misali sanarwar ganin wata, to mai shela kan zagaye gari yana yin wannan sanarwa. Zai fara da cewa, “Kuna jiyawa Ƙadirawan Shehu! Sarkin Musulmi ya gaishe ku!” Daga nan sai ya faɗi saƙon Sarkin Musulmi. Wannan ne dalilin da ya sa jama’a suka ɗauka cewa mabiya ɗariƙar Ƙadiriyya wannan kwamitin bincike da Sarkin Musulmi ya naɗa rufa-rufa ne kurum aka yi, ɗariƙar Ƙadiriyya kwamitin Nawawi zai ba gaskiya. To amma ba haka ta kasance ba, domin kuwa Malam Yahya Nawawi ɗariƙar Tijjaniyya ya ba gaskiya, ya kuma ce dole a biya ta hasarar da ta yi na rushe mata masallaci da mabiya ɗariƙar Ƙadiriyya suka yi.

Wallafe-wallafen Malam Yahya Nawawi

Ayyukan Malam Yahya Nawawi sun fi ƙarfi a fagen Tauhidi da Fiƙihu. Ya yi rubuce-rubuce a sauran fannoni kamar na adabi musamman waƙa da kuma tarihi. Tauhidi ne da Fiƙihu da ilmin shari’a ya fi mai da hankalinsa. Waɗannan kuwa suna ɓuɓɓuga ne daga Alƙur’ani da tafsirinsa. Tafsiri kuwa da shari’a ilmi ne da aka shaidar da ƙwarewar Malam Yahya Nawawi a kai.

Daga cikin ayyukansa 14 waɗanda Abdullahi Buhari ya kawo cikin littafinsa, Intellectual Foundation of Sokoto Caliphate, uku ne za a iya cewa ba su kai ga lurar marubucin ba. Aiki na ɗaya shi ne tarin shari’o’in da Malam Yahya Nawawi ya yanke a lokacin da yake alƙali a matakai daban dabam da aka ambata cikin littafin Abdullahi Buhari da kuma cikin wannan muƙala^[22]. Tsawon lokacin da ya shuɗe, da rashin na’urorin zamani a lokacin da Nawawi ya yi alƙalanci, da kuma matsalolin da ke tattare da samun rubuce-rubucen hukuma idan mai bincike na ƙoƙarin samo su, da kuma uwa uba ɓarnar da gobara da canje-canjen wuraren adana kaya, duk masu yin tarnaƙi ne ga mai gudanar da bincike. Wallafa ta biyu da Nawawi ya yi ita ce tarjamar da ya yi wa littafin Usulud Dini cikin harshen Hausa wanda Shehu Usmanu ɗan Fodiyo ya rubuta. Abin mamaki ne a ce Abdullahi Buhari bai ambaci wannan aiki ba duk kuwa da cewa littafin ya watsu. Ibrahim Yaro Yahaya ya kawo sunansa cikin littafinsa, Hausa a Rubuce… (1988). Haka kuma akwai nasihar da Nawawi ya bai wa kwamitin da Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III ya kafa har wannan kwamiti ya buga nasihohin da malaman da ya tuntuɓa, ciki har da ta Nawawi. Kwamitin ya sanya wa littafin da ya buga sunan, Nasiha Ga Musulmi.

A ganin wannan marubuciya abu ne da ya dace a tattaro hukumce-hukukumcen da Malam Yahya Nawawi ya yanke a lokacin alƙalacinsa, aikin da in sha Allahu marubuciyar ke a kan yi. Haka kuma ya dace a bibiyi laccocin wa’azi da Nawawi ya gabatar a tarurrukan Maulidi da ya halarta don a taskace su don amfanin ɗalibai. Abdullahi Buhari ya kawo sunayen wasunsu kamar Durratu Ahlus Sunna.

Akwai wasu ayyukan Nawawi na tarihi waɗanda mai muƙala ta samu gani guda biyu ne: da Akhbaru Biladil Hausiyyat was Sudaniyyat wa ɗarfi akhbari Muluukiha was Salaaɗiiniha. Wannan littafi ne mai tsawon shafi 46 a kan tarihin ƙasar Hausa da sauran ƙasashen da ake kira Sudan dangane da sarakunan ƙasashen. Ya wallafa shi cikin harsunan Larabci da Hausa, kamar yadda ya fi yi a rubuce-rubucensa. Ya rubuta wannan littafi, kamar yadda ya faɗa ciki, domin Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III, abin da ke nuni da cewa an rubuta shi domin ya yi wa Sarkin Musulmi nuni ga yadda tarihin ƙasar ya kasance, da kuma yanzu da ƙasar take ƙarƙashin ikonsa. Littafin an rubuta shi cikin sigar wasiƙa zuwa ga Sarkin Musulmi domin haka ya faɗa a sakin layin farko cewa zuwa gare shi yake wannan rubutu domin dalilan da suka haɗa da jin daɗi, da zaburarwa ga mai hankali, wato don ya kasance darasi ko wa’azi.

Dangane da adabi Malam Yahya Nawawi a gefen waƙa ya fi ƙarfi. Wazirin Sakkwato, Farfesa Sambo Wali Junaidu ya ambata cikin kundinsa na digiri na uku, cewa mahaifinsa Waziri Junaidu wanda Baba ne ga Nawawi saboda ƙanen Waziri Abdulƙadir Macciɗo mahaifin Nawawi ne, Nawawi ya yi wa wata waƙa tashɗiri da Waziri Junaidu ya yi lokacin da suka biya ta wani fili a gefen Sakkwato mai shuke-shuke da suka yi libliblib saboda ni’imar da ke wurin. (Sambo W. Junaidu1985:140-141). Wannan bayani yana nuni da cewa ko a cikin mawaƙa Nawawi ƙwararre ne, domin kuwa duk da yi wa waƙa tahmisi mawuyacin abu ne, balle tashɗiri. Manazarta waƙa sun san da abin da wannan iƙrari ke nufi. To sai dai Nawawi bai shagaltar da kansa da rubuta waƙa ba, watakila saboda tasirin fannonin ilmin da ya fi ƙarfi a kai da na ambata sama, wato Tauhidi da Fiƙihu da Alƙur’ani da Tafsirinsa.

Akwai wani aiki da Nawawi ya rubuta wanda ya tara tarihi da zube da waƙa. Wannan aiki shi ne a kan ziyarar da Yahya Nawawi ya kai a birane masu tsarki, Makka da Madina da kuma yake shauƙin ya sake ziyarta. Ya kira littafin, ‘Tarwiihil Ƙalbil Haziini bi Zikri Akhbaari Rihlatinaa ilaa Makkati wa Buldatil Amini’. Bayan ya gabatar da sunan littafin da dalilin rubuta shi cikin layuka goma sha ɗaya gami da Basmala sai ya bi su da baitoci ishirin da bakwai 27 sannan ya koma ga zube na kamar shafuka huɗu. Ta haka ya rubuta littafin mai shafuka talatin, 30, da waƙa ta fi tsawo ciki.

Manazarta

Abba, A.ds. (editoci) Sultans of Sokoto. Kaduna: Arewa House.

Adamu, L.S. (2015) Hafsatu Ahmadu Bello: Jarumar Da Ba A Ruruta Ba (fassara: Dunfawa, A.A.). Kaduna: Littattafan Adams.

Adamu, L.S. (2015) Hafsatu Ahmadu Bello: The Unsung Heroine. Kaduna: Adams Books.

Alƙali, H. (2002) The Chief Arbiter: Waziri Junaidu and HisIntellectual Contribution. Sokoto: Usmanu Danfodiyo University.

Boyd, J. (1989). The Caliph’s Sister: Nana Asma’u 1793-1865. London: Newbury House, 900 Eastern Avenue.

Buhari, A. (2014), Intellectual Foundation of Sokoto Caliphate: Scholarship, Faith, Revolusion and An Empire. Sokoto: Usmanu Danfodiyo University.

Gwandu, A.A. (1977). ‘Abdullahi b. Fodio As A Muslim Jurist’ Ph.D. thesis, Durham.

Wasu ayyukan Malam Yahya Nawawi cikin Larabci ko Ajamin Hausa da hannunsa ko aka juya, waɗanda mai muƙala ta mallaka.

Hira da Farfesa Abdullahi Bayero Yahya Nawawi a ɗaya daga cikin tattaunawarmu da shi kan Halaye da Rayuwar Alƙalin Lardi Yahya Nawawi’ a gidansa da ke Gwiwa Eka Sakkwato, ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2023 da ƙarfe 5 yamma.

Hira da Ibrahim Yahya Nawawi ranar 28 ga watan Mayu, 2023.

Hira da Ibrahim Yalauɗo ranar 26 ga watan Maris, 2023.

Hira da Justice Shehu Yahya mai murabus ranar 25 ga watan Maris, 2023.

Last, M. (2007) Daular Sakkwato (fassara: Bunza, A.M. da wasu). Sokoto: Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

Ref. No Sokoto I/23/169 Alƙalai a Sokoto, 1931-1961 History Bureau Achieves, Sokoto

Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Najeriya, (2020), ZAUREN WAƘA. Sokoto: Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo.

Talata Mafara, M. I. (199), Daular Usmaniyya I-3. Kaduna: Nadabo Print Production.

Waziri Junaidu History and Culture Bureu Reference Files.

Yahaya, I. Y. (1988), Hausa A Rubuce: Tarihin Rubuce-Rubuce Cikin Hausa. Zariya: Northern Nigeria Publishing Company.

Rataye

Hoto na 1

Hoto na 2

Hoto na ɗaya da na biyu (1 da 14) shafukan farko da na ƙarshe ne na sakamakon binciken da Yahya Nawawi (lokacin yana Wali) ya gabatar wa Majalisar Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III a 1949.

Hoto na 3

Hoto na 4

Hoto na 5

Hoto na 6

Hotuna na 3,4,5 da na 6 nasiha ce da Yahya Nawawi ya ba Kwamitin Yaƙi da Shashanci da Almubazzaranbci na Majalisar Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III a 1971 da ya.

Waɗannan kuma wasu shafuka ne na wani talifin Yahya Nawayi da ya yi cikin waƙa da taƙaitattun bayanai cikin zube. Ya kira aikin da Kitab Tarwiihil Ƙalbil Haziini (Hutar Da Zuciya Mai Damuwa). A cikin waƙar akwai jigogi da dama. Ya yi wannan talifi ne domin ya taya ƙanin mahaifinsa, Waziri Junaidu, murnar dawowa daga Hajji. Yahya Nawawi ya ce wannan dawowa da ƙanin mahaifinsa ya yi ta motsar da zuciyarsa da tsananin ƙaunar Allah ya nufe shi (shi Nawawi) da sake tafiya ƙasa mai tsarki.

 

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[1] Mallam Yahya Nawawi ya rubuta sunansa a msatsayin ‘Yahya Nawawi’ cikin littafin day a rubuta, kamar cikin da dama daga ayyukansa, mai mai suna, Kitaabat- Tanbiih wal Irshaad.

[2] Duba jaridar JAGORAta Disamba 7-13, 2001; ta Ingilishi kuwa, THE PATH December 5-11, 2001.

^[3] Usman Giɗaɗo shi ne miji ga Nana Asma’u ɗiyar Mujaddadi Shehu Usman bn Fodiyo rahimahullahu bi Rahamatihi.

[4]AlKasum Abba, Ibrahimn Jumare, Shu’aibu Aliyu, (2017) Sultans of Sokoto, Shafi na 215-245 Arewa House Kaduna

^[5]Damascas da Nawa duk suna a ƙasar Siriya ta yanzu

^[6]Al-Nawawi 40 Hadith Arabic Text with English Translation and Commentry, by Basheer A. Mohyidin

^[7]Na samu wannan bayani a wajen Justice Shehu Yahaya Nawawi a tattaunawarmu da shi a gidanshi na Clapparton Road, kusa da Unguwar Gawon Nama, Sokoto, a ranar Assabar 25 ga watan Maris, 2023.

^[8]Akwai bayanai kan Waziri Abdulƙadir Macciɗo a cikin Littafin Tsarabar Buhari da Waziri Junaidu (2007) wallafar Ibrahim Junaidu. A cikin Littafin an kawo sharhi kan ‘ya’ya da jikokin Waziri Abdulƙadir Ɗan Waziri Buhari. Waziri Abdulƙadir kuma shi ne mahaifin Alƙalin Lardi Yahya Nawawi.

[9]Tare da mijinta sojojin da suka yi juyin mulki na 15/1/1966 aka kashe ta tana mai kariyar mijinta. Duba Hafsatu Ahmadu Bello: Jarumar Da Ba A Ruruta Ba (fassara: Atiku Ahmad Dunfawa), da Ladi S. Adamu (2015), Hafsatu Ahmadu Bello: The Unsung Heroine.

^[10] Hirar da aka ambata da Justice Shehu Yahya (mai murabus) da kuma littafin Ibrahim Gandi Junaidu (Tsarabar Waziri Buhari da Waziri Junaidu).

^[11] Hira da Malam Ibrahim Yoloɗo ranar Lahadi 26 ga watan Maris, 2023.

^[12] Malam Ubandoma shi ne Kakan Sidi Attahiru Ibrahim Sannanen Malamin Addinin Musulunci a garin Sakkwato.

^[13]Malam Abdulƙadir Macciɗo shi ne Limamin Masallacin Sarkin Musulm Muhammadu Bello na wanan lokaci.

^[14] Tattaunwa da Malam Ibrahim Yahya Nawawi a Giɗaɗawa, gidan Malam Yahya Nawawi Alƙalin Lardi a ranakun 27 da 28 ga watan Mayu, 2023.

[15]Ɗansa, Abdullahi Bayero ya taɓa shaida wa mai wannan muƙala cewa a farkon kama aikinsa sai da mahaifinsa ya ja kunnensa da kada ya ci abinci mai man gyaɗa ko twanka, amma sai shi Bayero ya ɗauka cewa wannan takurawa ce tsohonsa ke yi masa, saboda haka bai kula ba. Watan farko na ƙarewa sai ya zo gida ya faɗa wa mahaifiyarsa cewa wani ciyo yake ji a maƙoshi da kuma ɗankanoma, sai ta ce masa halan yakan yi amfani da twanka da kuma man gyaɗa. Da ya ce lalle duk yana amfani da su sai ta ce masa ya faɗa wa mahaifinsa zai ba shi magani. Sai ya ce Baba fa ya hore shi da kada ya haye ma waɗannan, amma sai ta ce masa kada ya ji tsoro ya dai tafi ya faɗa masa. Ai kuwa da Bayero ya je ya yi yadda mahaifiyar ta umurce shi, sam Yahya Nawawi bai yi wata-wata ba sai ya tura shi inda wani malami mai haɗa maganin irin wannan matsala. Ai da shan maganin kamin Bayero ya koma garin da yake karantarwa ya warke. Sai ya tafi kasuwa inda ya ajiye kuɗi ga mai man gyaɗa ya ce duk kuɗin man gyaɗa ya mayar ga man ja!!!

[16] Wannan bayani na hikima na same shi ne a wajen Farfesa Abdullahi Bayero Yahya Nawawi a ɗaya daga cikin tattaunawarmu da shi kan Halaye da Rayuwar Alƙalin Lardi Yahya Nawawi’. An yi wannan tattaunawa a gidansa da ke Guiwa Eka Sakkwato, ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2023 da ƙarfe 5 yamma.

^[17] Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, ZAUREN WAƘA. Sokoto: Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, sh. 180-181.

^[18] Akwai bayani a kan haka cikin littafin Hamidu Alƙali, Waziri Junaidu: The Chief Arbiter (2004:sh. 50 -56) a babi na Huɗu, da shafi na 74 na Babi na Shidda.

^[19] A dubi Hamidu Alƙali, Waziri Junaidu: The Chief Arbiter (2004:) da Abdullahi Buhari, Intellectual Foundation of Sokoto Caliphate (2014:689-690)

[20] Hira daga cikin hirarrakin da marubuciya ta sha yi da Abdullahi Bayero Yahya a ofishinsa da ke Jami’ar Jihar Sakkwato ko a gidansa da ke Sakkwato a shiyyar Gwiwa Eka.

^[21] A bubi Abdullahi Buhari (2014:690).

[22] Wani abin ban takaici da mai wannan muƙala, watakila har da ga Abdullahi Buhari mai Intellectual Foundation.., ta ci karo da shi shi ne, rashin samun kai hannunta ga ko da aƙalla shari’a guda da Malam Yahya Nawawi ya yanke a zamanin da yake Alƙali. Lokacin da ta shiga Cibiyar Adana Kayan Tarihi Da Al’adu Ta Waziri Junaidu (Waziri Junaidu History and Culture Bureau) ta samu ganin akwatunan da ake saka shari’o’in kotuna daban daban, har kuwa na kotunan da Malam Yahya Nawawi ya yi alƙalanci ta samu gani. Amma kash! Kome babu cikin akwatin!! Ko dai an sauya musu mazauni ko kuwa an sace. Abu mai ƙarin ban mamaki da takaici shi ne, akwai shari’o’in wanda Nawawi ya gada a 1954 a matsayin Babban Alƙali cikin akwatunan!!!. Sai dai ayyukansa waƙanda ba shari’a ba, su kam an same su a ɓangaren da ba na shari’o’i ba. Kai hatta da ɓangaren da ake liƙa hotunan manyan malamai wannan marubuciyar ta zagaya amma ta tarar da babu hoton Yahya Nawawi, alhali kuwa ta sha kai ziyara a wannan wuri a baya kuma hotonsa yana nan liƙe. To amma har yanzu da ake rubuta wannan muƙala marubuciyar tana kan nema a wasu garuruwan Lardin Sakkwato inda Nawawi ya kai ziyarar aiki.

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