Taken Binciken Ilimi: Ma'anarsa Da Ka'idojinsa

Za a iya rubuta manazartar wannan rubutu kamar haka: Sani, A-U. (2024). Dabarun gudanar da bincike a sauƙaƙe. https://www.amsoshi.com/2024/09/taken-binciken-ilimi-maanarsa-da.html

Taken Binciken Ilimi: Ma'anarsa Da Ƙa'idojinsa

Abu-Ubaida SANI

Department of Languages and Cultures,
Federal University, Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Email: abu-ubaidallah@fugusau.edu.ng | abuubaidasani5@gmail.com
Site: www.abu-ubaida.com | www.amsoshi.com
WhatsApp: +2348133529736

Taken Bincike

Ana iya ɗaukar taken bincike a matsayin jagora ko limamin kowane aikin bincike. Dalili kuwa shi ne, ya kasance abin da ake fara gani yayin da aka ɗauki wani aikin bincike. A Hausa akan kira shi da sunaye daban-daban da suka haɗa da:

a. Taken bincike

b. Sunan bincike

c. Kan bincike

Ko ma dai yaya abin yake, taken bincike yana nufin sunan da aka raɗa wa wani aikin bincike wanda yake zuwa a sama a shafin farko kafin sunan marubuci ko marubuta binciken.

Zaɓen Taken Bincike

Akwai muhawarar masana dangane da daidai lokacin da ake zaɓen taken bincike. Akwai waɗanda suke ganin, kamar yadda sai an haihu ake saka sunan abin da aka haifa, to haka bincike yake. Ma'ana dai, dole sai an kammala bincike kafin a duba sunan da ya dace a saka masa ta la'akari da ƙunshiyarsa. Fahimtar wannan rubutu ta bambanta da ta masu wannan iƙirari.

Aikin nan ya fi gamsuwa da cewa, ana sanya taken bincike ne da zarar an ƙuduri yin sa. Duk da haka, ana iya sauya shi ko a yi masa gyara a kowace gaɓa yayin gudanar da bincike. Bayan an kammala bincike kuwa, a nan ne za a yi masa nazarin ƙwaƙƙwafi na ƙarshe domin tabbatar da cewa ya dace da ƙunshiyar binciken da aka gudanar.

Abubuwan Kiyayewa Yayin Zaɓen Taken Bincike

Yayin zaɓen taken bincike, akwai muhimman abubuwa da ya kamata a yi la'akari da su ko a kiyaye su. Sun haɗa da:

1. Dacewa Da Ƙunshiya: Dole ne ƙunshiyar bincike ta dace da taken binciken. Kuskure ne a samu take yana faɗin wani abu, ƙunshiyar binciken kuma tana bayani wani abu na daban.

2. Tsawo: Kada taken bincike ya yi tsawo da yawa. Akwai masana da suka taƙaita kalmomin taken bincike zuwa goma sha takwas (18). Duk da haka, tsarin APA 7th Edition ya kawo cewa, bai kamata a tilasta taƙaita kalmomin da ke cikin taken bincike ba, sai dai ana ba da shawarar a taƙaita ƙwarai idan hakan zai yiwu.

3. Tambaya: Ba a so taken bincike ya kasance tambaya. Misali, take ba ya iya kasancewa cikin sigogin da aka kawo a ƙasa:

a. Mene ne Amfanin Ganyen Kuka a Mahangar Hausawa? 

A nan, taken yana iya kasancewa: "Amfanin Ganyen Kuka a Mahangar Hausawa" ko "Ganyen Kuka a Tunanin Hausa" da makamantansu.

b. Ta Yaya Ake Nazarin Waƙa?

A nan, taken yana iya kasancewa: "Nazarin Matakan Nazarin Waƙa" ko "Nazarin Dabarun Nazarin Waƙa" da dai makamantansu.

4. Raddi: Ba a so take ya kasance raddi. Misali:

a. Raddi Ga Wadda Ta Ce Duk Matan Hausawa Suna Da Burin Karuwanci

Yana iya kasancewa: "Bitar 'Karuwanci' a Mahangar Matan Hausawa" ko "Karuwanci a Tunanin Matan Hausawa" da makamantan wannan.

b. Ai Da Ma Mace Mutum Ce

Zai iya kasancewa: "Nazarin Mutuntakar Mace a Bahaushiyar Al'ada" ko "Mace a Mahangar Al'ada da Addini" da makamantan waɗannan.

5. Maimaici: A guji maimaita wata kalmo ko wasu kalmomi ko wani saƙo a cikin taken bincike. 

6. Kuskuren Rubutu: Yayin gudanar da kowane rubutu, ana son a riƙe kiyaye ƙa'idojin rubutu. Dangane da taken bincike kuwa, samuwar kuskure a cikinsa babban al'amari ne. Akwai masanan da suke da ra'ayin cewa, duk taken binciken da yake ɗauke da kuskure, to bai kamata a ko nazarce shi ba.

7. Falsafar Zance: Yana da kyau kai tsaye a ga falsafar zance a cikin taken bincike. Hausar mai gunadar da bincike dole ta kai wani matakin nuna ƙwarewa, ba ta kasance sakaka kamar Hausar tasha ko ta yau da kullum ba.

8. Guje Wa Jirkita Zance: Dole ne a kauce wa tukuikuya zance a taken bincike. Kada ƙoƙarin amfani da salo da falsafar zance ya sa a sanyo kalmomi cikin tsarin da za su ruɗar da mai karatu.

9. Taƙaita Kadada: Ba a son taken binciken ilimi ya yi ɗibar karar mahaukaciya a wani al'amari. Ba a son ya ɗauki buɗaɗɗiyar kadada mai faɗi wadda manazarci ba zai iya nazartar ƙunshiyarta yadda ya kamata ba. Misali, kuskure ne take ya kasance kamar haka:

"Nason Koyarwar Addinai a Cikin Waƙoƙi"

Tambayoyin da manazarci ya kamata ya yi wa kansa su ne:

a. Shin zai iya nazartar dukkannin addinai tare da samun bayanan irin nason da koyarwarsu suka yi a cikin waƙoƙi? Kai tsaye ya kamata ya taƙaita wannan ɓangare na take, wato ya nuna wane addini yake nufi. Za ta iya yiwuwa yana nufin koyarwar addinin Musulunci.

b. Shin zai iya karaɗe waƙoƙin dukkannin al'ummun duniya? Idan ba haka ba, ya kamata manazarcin ya taƙaita kadadar zuwa waƙoƙin wata al'umma taƙamaimai. Waƙoƙin za su iya kasancewa na Hausawa.

c. Ko da an taƙaita ga waƙoƙin Hausawa, shin yana nufin nazartar dukkannin nau'ukan waƙoƙi? Da wuya, domin kuwa waƙoƙin Hausa suna da yawa.

Yayin da manazarci ya yi wa kansa ire-iren waɗannan tambayoyi, za ta yiwu ya sanya wa takensa kadada, ya mayar da shi kamar haka:

"Nason Koyarwar Addinin Musulunci a Cikin Rubutattun Waƙoƙin Hausa na Jahadi"

Akwai nau'ukan kadadar bincike daban-daban waɗanda ana iya kallon su tun daga taken bincike. Misali:

i. Kadadar Wuri: "Hausar 'Yan Kabukabu a Gusau"

Lura: A nan an taƙaita binciken a garin Gusau. Da a ce an bar abin a sake, da wuya binciken ya samar da sakamako mai nagarta. Dalili shi ne, sana'ar kabukabu ta karaɗe garuruwa da dama a Nijeriya. Hausar da 'yan kabukabu sauke yi a wani gari tana iya bambanta sosai da na sauran garuruwan. 

ii. Kadadar Shekara: "Kambamar Zulaƙe a Waƙoƙin Siyasar Shekarar 2015"

iii. Kadadar Ƙarni: "Tsattsafin Maguzanci a Rubutattun Waƙoƙin Ƙarni na Ashirin Da Ɗaya"

iv. Kadadar Zamani: "Nason Ƙin Jinin Turawa a Rubutattun Waƙoƙin Hausa: Keɓaɓɓen Nazarin Waƙoƙin Zamanin Mulkin Mallaka"

Sauran nau'ukan kadada da ake iya samu sun haɗa da shekaru da jinsi da ƙabila da addini da sauransu.

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