Tsakure: Ma'anarsa Da Yadda Ake Tsara Shi

Abu-Ubaida SANI

Department of Languages and Cultures,
Federal University, Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Email: abu-ubaidallah@fugusau.edu.ng | abuubaidasani5@gmail.com
Site: www.abu-ubaida.com | www.amsoshi.com
WhatsApp: +2348133529736

Za a iya rubuta manazartar wannan rubutu kamar haka: Sani, A-U. (2024). Tsakure: Ma'anarsa da yadda ake tsara shi. https://www.amsoshi.com/2024/09/tsakure-maanarsa-da-yadda-ake-tsara-shi.html

Ma'anar Tsakure

A farfajiyar binciken ilimi, tsakure yana nufin taƙaita dukkannin bayanan da bincike ya ƙunsa cikin wani salo da tsari na musamman. Tsakure ɓangare ne a cikin binciken ilimi wanda yake ɗauke da taƙaitaccen bayani cikin ƙayataccen salo dangane da matsalar bincike da maƙasudi da dabarun gudanarwa da sakamako da kuma waɗansu daga cikin shawarwarin da binciken ya gabatar.

Lura da ma'anonin da aka bayar a sama, tsakuren da ya amsa sunansa zai ba da haske na gaba ɗaya ga mai karatu dangane da ƙunshiyar binciken da aka gabatar. 

Ƙunshiyar Tsakure

Akwai manyan ɓangarori guda biyar (5) da suke haɗuewa su bayar da tsakure a binciken ilimi. Su ne:

i. Matsalar bincike

ii. Manufa ko maƙasudin bincike

iii. Hanyoyin ko dabarun gudanar da bincike

iv. Sakamakon bincike

v. Wasu daga cikin shawarwarin da bincike ya bayar

A ƙasa an kawo taƙaitaccen waɗannan muhimman ɓangarorin bincike. An kafa misalai da tsakuren wata takarda mai taken: Tsattsafin Fanɗare wa Addinin Musulunci: Wata Yasasshiyar Gona a Gandun Waƙoƙin Baka na Hausa.

i. Matsalar Bincike: Idan aka ce matsalar bincike, to ana nufin duk wani abin da faruwarsa ko rashin faruwarsa ko hasashen faruwarsa ko ɗaukar matakin kare faruwarsa ko shirya wa faruwarsa ko ƙoƙarin samar da shi, shi ya haifar da samuwar buƙatar gudanar da bincike. A cikin tsakure, ana bayyana matsalar bincike ne a taƙaice. Misali:

"Rubuce-rubucen nazari da aka yi game da waƙoƙin Hausa sun fi shurin masaƙi. Duk da haka, mafi yawan rubuce-rubucen sun karkata ne kan zaƙulo fasahohi da ke cikin waƙoƙin tare da nuna yadda suke faɗakarwa da ilimantarwa da nishaɗantarwa. Wannan takarda tana da fahimtar cewa an bar wani babban giɓi wanda shi ne nazarin fanɗare wa dokokin addini cikin waƙoƙin Hausa."

A misalin ɓangaren tsakuren da aka kawo a sama, mai karatu zai iya ɗaukar hasken matsalar wannan bincike. An daɗe ana rubuce-rubuce game da waƙoƙi a farfajiyar karatun Hausa, amma an fi mayar da hankali kan fasahohin cikin waƙoƙin kawai. Ba a faye samun rubuce-rubucen da suke fito da yadda waɗansu waƙoƙin suke fanɗare wa koyarwa da hukunce-hukuncen addinin Musulunci ba. Ke nan dai, akwai buƙatar gudanar da binciken domin a fito da wannan ɓangaren da ba a faye mayar da hankali kansa ba.

ii. Manufa Ko Maƙasudin Bincike: Manufa da maƙasudi na tafiya ne a tare. Manufa na nufin dunƙulallen bayani na ƙudurin da ake son cimmawa. Maƙasudi kuwa na nufin keɓantattun bayanai na kai tsaye game da ƙudurin da ake son cimmawa waɗanda ake iya auna mizanin nasararsu ko saɓanin hakan. Shi ma wannan ɓangaren akan kawo shi ne cikin. Ba lissafo maƙasudan ake yi ba. Misali:

"Maƙalar nan tana da manufar binciko muhallan da ɗiyan waƙoƙin baka na Hausa suka keta dokokin da Allah ya shimfiɗa wa bayinsa."

A nan, kai tsaye an bayyana manufar binciken da cewa, zai duƙufa wajen zaƙulowa da nazartar wasu ɗiyan waƙoƙin Hausa da suka fanɗarewa koyarwar addini. Ma'ana dai ke nan, manufar binciken ita ce toshe giɓin da aka bayyana a jumlolin da ke sama, a cikin bayanin matsalar binciken.

iii. Hanyoyin Ko Dabarun Gudanar Da Bincike: Dabarun gudanar da bincike na nufin duk waɗansu tsararrun hanyoyi da matakai da mai bincike ko masu bincike suka yi amfani da su domin ayyana kadadar bincikensu da tantance samfuransu da tattara bayanai da ƙalailaice su tare da fitar da sakamako ta la’akari da manya da ƙananan alƙaluma da ke cikin bayanan, duk bisa salon nazarin wani ayyanannen ra’i ko hanyar ɗora aiki. A taƙaice ke nan, dabarun gudanar da bincike su ne duk waɗansu hanyoyin da matakan da aka yi amfani da su yayin gudanar da binciken. Misali:

"An tattara bayanai ta hanyar sauraron waƙoƙin da tsamo misalan ɗiyan waƙoƙin da abin ya shafa, tare da ciro hukunce-hukuncen da suka yi bayani kansu daga Alƙur’ani da hadisan manzon Allah."

A misalin da ke sama, mai karatu zai iya fahimtar hanyoyin da aka bi domin gudanar da binciken. Yana da kyau a fahimci cewa, idan binciken yana ɗauke da ra'i, to shi ma za a sanya shi a wannan sashen a taƙaice.

iv. Sakamakon Bincike: Sakamakon bincike yana nufin abubuwan da aka gano bayan ƙalailaice bayanan binciken waɗanda ke da alaƙa da matsalar bincike, waɗanda kuma su za su nuna canjaras ko saɓanin hasashen bincike tare da bayyana nasarar maƙasudin bincike ko saɓanin hakan. A taƙaice ke nan, sakamakon bincike shi ne yake amsa tambayoyin binciken. Kowane bincike yana ƙoƙarin gano wani abu ne. Ganowa ko kasa ganowa da zai yi, shi ne sakamakon binciken. A sauƙaƙe ana iya kwatanta lamarin da wanda yake neman wani littafi. Yayin da ya yi hasashen littafin yana cikin jakarsa kuma ya buɗe domin ya duba, to ya ƙudiri aniyar ya bincika ke nan. Manufarsa kuma ita ce ya duba wannan littafi. Samun littafin da zai yi, ko rashin samun sa, shi ne sakamakon binciken kasancewar ya samu amsar tambayar: "Shin littafin yana cikin jaka?" Ga misalin sakamakon binciken ilimi a cikin tsakure:

"Binciken ya fahimci cewa, akwai tarin misalan fanɗare wa addini a cikin waƙoƙin baka na Hausa."

Wanda ya karanta wannan ɓangaren a cikin tsakuren, zai fahimci cewa lallai ashe akwai iri-iren waɗannan ɗiyan waƙoƙi da binciken ya yi hasashe. Da a ce babu su, to wannan ɓangaren tsaruken zai nuna cewa lallai babu su duk da hasashen da aka yi a farko na samuwarsu.

v. Wasu Daga Cikin Shawarwarin Da Bincike Ya Bayar: A ƙarshen bincike akan samu shawarwari. Mai bincike ko masu binciken sukan bayar da shawarwarin ne ta la'akari da sakamakon bincikensu. Yayin da bincikensu ya gano samuwar wata matsala, to za su bayar da shawarar magance ta. Idan kuwa samuwar wani kyakkyawan al'amari ne, za su iya bayar da shawarar yadda za a alkinta shi domin a ci moriyarsa. A cikin tsakure akan haskaka ire-iren shawarwarin da binciken ya bayar a taƙaice. Misali:

"Daga ƙarshe an ba da shawarwarin da suka haɗa da ɗaukar matakan da suka dace domin tabbatar da ire-iren waƙoƙin ba su yi tasiri wajen gurɓata tarbiya nagartacciya ba."

Ƙarin Misalai

A ƙasa an kawo ƙarin misalan tsakure daga waɗansu rubuce-rubucen da suka gabata.

Taken Bincike: Gudummawar Sarakuna Wajen Bunƙasa Ilimi a Nijeriya Ta Arewa

Tsakure:

Kafin tsarin mulkin dimokuraɗiyya, al’amarin ilimin al’umma ɗungurungum a hannun sarakuna yake. Bunƙasar ilimi ko komabayan hakan ya ta’allaƙa ne ga jajircewar sarki da muƙarrabansa a wannan fannin. Ƙudurin wannan maƙala shi ne leƙa fagen tarihi domin zaƙulo irin rawar da sarakunan Arewa suka taka wajen ilmantar da al’ummar wannan yankin ta fuskar ilimin zamani (boko) da na addinin Musulunci. Kadadar nazarin ta taƙaita ne tsakanin 1909 zuwa 1966. An ɗora shi bisa tsarin binciken laburare (library research) inda aka zaƙulo bayanai daga kundatattun fayil-fayil da wallafe-wallafe. Binciken ya gano cewa, sarakunan wancan lokaci sun yi namijin ƙoƙari wajen kafa ingantaccen tushen ilimi ta fuskokin da suka haɗa da nuna goyon baya da bayar da tallafi. Haka kuma, takardar ta bayar da shawarwarin da suka haɗa da nuna yadda ɗaukar hannu daga wannan ƙoƙari na mazan jiya zai iya samar da sauyi mai nagarta ga lamarin ilimi.

Taken Bincike: Hausa in the 21st Century Internet Environment: From Easy Access to Documentation 

Tsakure:

The research is geared towards investigation on one hand the extent to which Hausa is found on the internet, and utilizing the internet for documenting Hausa materials on the other. The most active internet search engines (i.e. AOL, Ask, Baidu, Bing, DuckDuckGo, Google, Internet Archive, WolframAlpha, Yandex. and Yahoo) were utilized to determine the number of existing and functioning Hausa websites. The activities and contents of the websites were studied to ascertain if they help matters by providing the needed materials for the ‘Hausa academic world’. The areas and forms of weaknesses of the sites were studied accordingly. It has been observed that the Hausa websites are dominated by several challenges ranging from socio-political to environmental. Finally, suggestions are offered as panaceas for the observed problems, one of which is the need for a collaborative effort between departments and centers for the studies in the Hausa language and the enthusiastic Hausa bloggers for the attainment of common documentation and improvement goals.

Abubuwan Lura Yayin Rubuta Tsakure

Yayin da mai bincike ya zo rubuta tsakure, akwai muhimman abubuwan da ya kamata ya kiyaye. Su ne:

1. Ba a sakin layi a tsakure. A cikin sakin layi guda ɗaya ake rubuta shi.

2. Ana rubuta shi ne a jirge/cikin tafiyar tsutsa.

3. A sabon tsarin bincike, ba a rubuta taken bincike a cikin tsakure.

4. Ba a so ya yi tsawo sosai. Ana son taƙaita kalmomi. Yawanci akan bayar da adadin kalmomi tsakanin ɗari biyu zuwa ɗari biyu da hamsin (200-250).

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